WarmingupSkimmingDiggingCriticalthinkingLanguageinuseUnfamiliarwordsInterpretingTalkingpoint

RingingthechangesWarmingup1.Lookatthewordsintheboxanddecidewhatthemainideasintheunitare.WarmingupWecandividetheproblemsintoonesaboutland,seaandair.Orbytheareastheproblemsmayaffect,forinstance,health,food,power,availabilityofresourcesandsoon.Wecanusegenerallabels:globalwarming,damagetoland,usingresourcestooquickly,pollutionforproductionandwaste,endangeringanimalandplantspeciesandsoon.2.Workinpairsanddiscusswhatarethemostimportantideaswhentalkingabouttheenvironment.Warmingup3.Tellotherpeopleintheclasswhatyouhavedonethisweektohelptheenvironment.?NotmuchIamafraidtosay,butIdotakecare

tousepaperonbothsidesandcarrymyown

bagwhenIgoshopping.?Idoswitchofflightsandotherapplianceswhen

Iseethemlefton.Ihavestoppedleavingthings

onstandby.Itisverywasteful.?IamashamedtosayIcannotthinkofanythingI

did.Iwilltryhardernextweek.WarmingupLookatthefirstsentenceofthepassageandchoosethebestanswertothequestions.Helloboysandgirlsaroundtheworld,andaHappyNewYeartoyouall!1Whodoyouthinkthewriteris?(a)Ateacherwritinginaschoolmagazine.(b)Ajournalistwritinginanewspaper.Answer:bWarmingup2Whatdoyouthinkthemessagewillbe?(a)Let’stryandmakethenewyearahappyonefor

everyone.(b)Let’sthinkabouthowwecanenjoyourselves.

Answer:aWarmingup3Whatdoyouthinkthestylewillbelike?(a)Simpleandfun.(b)Difficultandserious.Answer:aWarmingupWatchthevideoandanswersomequestions.WarmingupWatchthevideoaboutglobalwarming.Howdoyouunderstand“ifyougiveup,theygiveup”inthisvideo?Whatcanyoudotoreducetheamountofcarbonyouuse?Skimming

Browsethepassagewithin8minutestogetaroughideaaboutit.

Answerthequestions

ofActivity2and3onpage159.TaskCheck(?)theclaimmadebyOldFatherTime.?1Oldtraditionsarebeinglost.?2Wildanimalsarelosingtheirhomes.?3TherearenomorebirdsintheArctic.Skimming?4Theearth’satmosphereisbecomingwarmer.?5Theweatherischangingeverywhere.?6Energyfromwindandthesunisveryexpensive.?7Weshouldallavoidtravellingbyair.?8Wecanalldosomethingtoreduceglobalwarming.?9Wehaven’tgotmuchtimelefttosavetheearth.TheclaimmadebyOldFatherTimeare:

2,4,5,8and9SkimmingAnswerthequestions.1Whatisthemainaimofthepassage?Topersuadepeopletocaremoreabouttheenvironment.2WhydoesOldFatherTimerefertothereindeerandpolarbears?BecausetheyareanimalswholiveintheArctic,wheretheiceismelting.Skimming5WhatadvicedoesOldFatherTimegivetoairtravellers?Givemoneytoaschemewhichhelpscanceloutthecarbondioxidegeneratedby

yourplanejourney.6Whatwillhappenby2020ifwedon’tactnow?TheicecapattheNorthPolewillmelt;thesealevelswillriseandcoastalregions

andislandswillbeflooded;hotcountrieswillbecomedeserts;coldcountrieswill

becomeuncomfortablywarm.Skimming7WhatdoesOldFatherTimesuggestchildrendoathome?Remindpeopletoswitchofflightsandelectricalequipmentwhichareswitched

onbutnotinuse.Startapublicitycampaignandleteveryoneknowwhattheyare

doing.Ringingthechanges1Helloboysandgirlsaroundtheworld,andaHappyNewYeartoyouall!譯文MP3Digging2It’sthattimeagainwhenweringouttheoldyear,andringinthenew!(Iexpectthatsomeofyoudon’tevenknowwherethatexpressioncomesfrom.AtmidnightonNewYear’sEve,weusedtoringthechurchbellstosayfarewelltothepastandwelcometothefuture.)Butthisyear,IwanttosharewithyousomeoftheworriesIhaveabouttheenvironment.MP3Digging3Yousee,I’vejustbeentalkingtomydearoldfriendFatherChristmas,whohasjustgotbackhometotheNorthPoleafterdeliveringallyourpresents.HetoldmethatoneofhisreindeerhurtalegthisyearandalmostmissedtheChristmasdeliveries.Ithappenedinthespringwhentheice,whichisalwaysverythick,turnedouttobemuchthinnerthanweexpected,andshealmostfellthroughintotheArcticOcean.譯文MP3Digging4FatherChristmasalsotoldmethathisfriendsthepolarbearshavetowalkmuchfurthertofindsolidiceandsnow,andtheArcticbirdshavebeenleavingandcomingbackatunusualtimesoftheyear.Itseemsthattheproblemisclimatechange.

譯文MP3Digging5Ithasbecomeapparenttoscientistsfromaroundtheworldthatthegas,oilandcoal,whichweallusetostaywarm,staycool,andtravelaround,releaselotsofcarbondioxidetotheatmosphereoftheearth.Thiscausesthesun’sheattobuildupintheearth’satmosphere,andiscalledthegreenhouseeffect.It’sleadingtoallkindsofchange...andasweknow,somechangeisfortheworst.

譯文MP3Digging6Sotheweatherischanging,andinsteadofgentlerain,wenowhaveviolentstorms,whichfloodcoastsandvalleys.Evensomebigcities,suchasNewYorkandLondon,andsomecountries,liketheMaldiveIslands,areunderthreat.Inotherplaces,there’sashortageofrainforcrops,sosomepeoplearegoingtostarve.Andsomeofourfavouriteanimals,suchaselephants,tigersandlions,arelosingtheirhomes.

譯文MP3Digging7Butwecanallmakesomechangeforthebetter.Yousee,thesescientiststhenwentontotellmethatwecouldcombatclimatechangebygeneratingmostofourenergyneedswithresourceswhichwecanrenew.Forexample,wecanusewindturbinestolightandheatourhomesandtoprovideelectricpowerforcars.譯文MP3Digging譯文MP3Digging8Notsurprisingly,FatherChristmaswasmostconcernedabouthisairmiles,whatwithallthosepresentstodelivertoallyouboysandgirls.Butwefoundoutaboutaschemetocancel

outthecarbondioxidehegeneratesonChristmasEvebygivingfundstoplantaforestinBrazil.Yousee,thenewforestwillabsorbanequivalentamountofcarbondioxide.Perhapssomehowyoucandothesamewhenyougosomewherebyplane?

9ThenattheenvironmentsummitinCopenhagen,welearntthatwehavetodecreasethecarbondioxidewegenerateinordertoincreasethestabilityofourtemperatureby1.5–2degreescentigrade.Theforecastisthatifwedon’tdothisbythedeadlineof2020,it’sinevitablethattheicecapattheNorthPolewillmelt,thesealevelwillrise,islandsandcoastalregionswillbeflooded,hotcountrieswillbecomedeserts,coldcountrieswillbecomeuncomfortablywarm.

譯文MP3Digging10Sothinkabouthowmuchenergyyouconsumeinyourhomesandschools,andtrytoreducetheamountofcarbonyouuse.Remindpeopletoswitchofflightsandanyelectricalequipment,suchastelevisionsorphonechargers,whichareswitchedonbutnotinuse.Findoutifyoucanraisemoneytoinstallwindturbinesinthegardenorsolar

panelsontheroof.Trytousepublictransportasmuchaspossible.MP3Digging11Andaboveall,startapublicity

campaigninyourschooltoleteveryoneknowwhatyou’redoing–yourfamily,yourfriends,yourteachersandyourpoliticians–becausethemorepeoplewetell,themorewe’reallawarethatwe’rerunningoutoftime.MP3MP3DiggingMainideaofthetext12Andifwerunoutoftime?Well,unfortunately,onedaytherewon’tbeanyonelefttowisheachotherHappyNewYear.Yourfriend,OldFatherTime

1.Ringingthechanges(Title)Thereisawayofringingbellssothatthecombinationsofsoundschangeaccordingtoamathematicalpattern.Hence,theidiom“ringingthechanges”meansvaryingfrequently.HerethetitlemixesthismeaningwiththedifferentideaofringingintheNewYeartosuggestitistimeweallchangedourbehaviour.DifficultsentencesDifficultsentences2.AtmidnightonNewYear’sEve,weusedtoringthechurchbellstosayfarewelltothepastandwelcometothefuture.(Line4,Para2)ChurchbellsarestillrungthroughoutEuropetocelebratethearrivaloftheNewYear.Birdstimetheirmigrationsaccordingtotemperaturesandfoodsupplies.TheyhavebeenchangingtheirnormalscheduleasaresultofwarmertemperaturesintheArcticCircle.Difficultsentences3.…andtheArcticbirdshavebeenleavingandcomingbackatunusualtimesoftheyear.(Line3,Para4)Agreenhousekeepstheheatofthesuninsidejustasthegreenhousegasespreventtheheatlossandincreasetemperaturesontheearth.Icealsoreflectsheatoutintospacesothelossoftheicewilladdtoglobalwarming.Aheatcircleseemstobeoccurringwitheachfactoraddingtotheeffect.Difficultsentences4.…andiscalledthegreenhouseeffect.(Line7,Para5)Andofcourseallcoastalcitiesareunderthreattoo.Ariseinsealevelsofaroundthreemetreshasbeensuggestedwhichwouldleadtoverywidespreadflooding.TheMaldivesarealreadyjustabovethesealevelandseemdoomed.Difficultsentences5.Evensomebigcities,suchasNewYorkandLondon,andsomecountries,liketheMaldiveIslands,areunderthreat.(Line3,Para6)Thereisacommonerror:Manylanguagestalkofopeningandclosingelectricity,whichisnotpossibleinEnglish.Openthetelevisionmeanstotakeoffthebackforrepairwork.Difficultsentences6.Remindpeopletoswitchofflightsand…switchedonbutnotinuse.(Line4,Para10)eve釋義n.[C](onthe～ofsth)onthedaybeforeanimportantevent,orduringtheperiodoftimejustbeforeit在……前日；在……前夕例句1Claywasnervousontheeveoftheexamination.克萊在考試前夕很緊張。翻譯1Words例句2翻譯2WewereontheeveofwarandthistimetheenemywouldbetheUnitedStates.我們處于戰爭前夕，而此次我們的敵人是美國。delivery釋義n.[C,U]theprocessofbringinggoodsorletterstoaplace

送貨；投遞例句Iaskedthemtospeedthedeliveryup.

我讓他們加快了送貨速度。

翻譯Words真題Aswecannolongerwaitforthedeliveryofourorder,wehavetocancelit.(Jun.

2000,CET-4,Vocabularyandstructure)apparent釋義a.easytoseeorunderstand清晰可見的；顯而易見的例句1Itisapparentthateveryonelovesthatlittlebaby.

很顯而易見的，所有人都喜歡那個小嬰兒。翻譯1WordsThereasonsforhissuddendeparturesoonbecameapparent.例句2翻譯2他突然離去的原因不久就變得顯而易見。

釋義例句1I'mgoingtoshowyouaroundthegreenhousewhichprotectsvegetablesfromcold.我來帶你們參觀一下這個可以保護蔬菜免受凍害的溫室。翻譯1Wordsn.[C]abuildingmadeofglassthatisusedforgrowing

plantsthatneedprotectionfromtheweather溫室；

暖房例句2翻譯2當他們談論溫室效應的時候，我茫然不知所云。I'mallatseawhentheytalkaboutthe

greenhouseeffect.greenhousethreatn.[C,U](～to)asituationoractivitythatcouldcauseharmordanger

危害；威脅Thesituationhasabigthreattoworldpeace.這局勢對世界和平造成很大的威脅。Words釋義例句翻譯Itishumannaturetoshakeoffwhatmayseemtousathreatoffuturedisaster.(Jun.

2000,CET-4,Readingcomprehension)真題shortage釋義n.[C,U](～of)alackofsomethingyouneedorwant

缺乏；短缺例句Heavyrainswereresponsiblefortheshortageofvegetables.大雨是蔬菜短缺的原因。翻譯WordsWatershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld—ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.(Jun.

2001,CET-4,Vocabularyandstructure)真題starve釋義vi.tosufferordiebecausethereisnotenoughfood

挨餓；餓死

例句1Weareproducingluxurieswhilechildrenstarve.孩子們正在挨餓時，我們卻在生產奢侈品。翻譯1Words例句2Manypeoplestarvedtodeathbecauseofthefamine.翻譯2那次饑荒中有許多人餓死。starve釋義vt.tomakesomeonesufferordiebypreventingthemfromhavingenoughfood

使挨餓；使餓死例句1翻譯1Words例句2Boxerssometimesstarvethemselvesforseveraldaystocontroltheirweight.翻譯2拳擊手有時為了控制體重而數日不吃飯。She'sstarvingherself,tryingtoloseweight.她使自己挨餓來試著減肥。

combat釋義vt.todosomethingtotrytostopsomethingbadfromhappeningorabadsituationfrombecomingworse

與……斗爭；抗爭

例句1Thepolicearenowusingcomputerstohelpcombatcrime.警方現在使用電腦打擊犯罪活動。翻譯1Words例句2Thegovernmentsactedinunisontocombatterrorism.翻譯2各國政府一致行動起來與恐怖主義作斗爭。generate釋義vt.toproducepower發（電）例句1Usingthewindtogenerateelectricitydatesbackto1890.用風力發電可追溯到1890年。翻譯1Words例句2Naturalgas,whichwasusedtogenerateelectricity,wasalreadyinshortsupply.翻譯2以往用來發電的天然氣，現在早已缺貨。generate釋義vt.tomakemoney賺（錢）；創造（財富）例句1Mybossaskedatmetogeneratemoresales.我老板要求我創造更多的銷售業績。翻譯1Words例句2Heistryinghisbesttogeneratemoretosupporthisfamily.翻譯2他正努力賺更多的錢來養家。renew釋義vt.toreplacesomethingthatisoldordamaged

更新；更換例句1Thecompanyreneweditsincomesystem.公司更新了薪資系統。翻譯1Words例句2翻譯2Youneedtorenewacarpettomakethehalllookmorebeautiful.你們需要更換一塊地毯來讓大廳看起來更漂亮。renew釋義vt.toarrangeforsomethingtocontinueforalongerperiodoftime

將……延期；續借例句1Theyaretryingtopersuadethecompanytorenewthecontract.他們正試圖說服公司將合同延期。翻譯1Words例句2MustIbringthebookbackwhenIrenewit?翻譯2當我續借時必須把書帶來嗎？concerned釋義a.(～about)(fml)worriedaboutsomething

擔心的

例句1翻譯1WordsEverybodyisconcernedaboutthefutureofthecompany.

每個人都在擔心公司的前景。Millerwasconcernedaboutthe$35millionwehadalreadyinvested.例句2翻譯2米勒所擔心的是我們已投進去的三千五百萬美元。

concerned釋義a.(～with)(neverbeforenoun)givingyourattentiontosomething關注的；牽掛的例句翻譯WordsThedoctorisconcernedwithherpatientsevenwhensheisathome.

即使在家的時候，那位醫生也在牽掛著她的病人。Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability(耐用).(Jan.1993,CET-4,Readingcomprehension)

真題concern釋義vt.(neverpassive)toworrysomeone

使擔心；使憂慮例句翻譯WordsWhathesaidyesterdayaboutthecomingexamconcernedheralot.

他昨天說的那些關于考試的話讓她很憂慮。Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.(Jan.2002,CET-4,Readingcomprehension)真題concern釋義n.[U](～about/over/at)afeelingofworryaboutsomething,especiallyonethatalotofpeoplehaveaboutanimportantissue

擔心；憂慮

例句1翻譯1WordsJohnsondidn’texpressmuchconcernabouthisfather’sbusiness.

約翰沒表現出太多對他父親的生意的擔心。Herconcernoverthesickbabykeptherawakeallnight.例句2翻譯2由于擔心生病的孩子，她一晚上都沒睡著。

scheme釋義n.(BrE)(AmEprogram)aplandevelopedbyagovernmentorlargeorganizationinordertoprovideaparticularserviceforpeople（政府或大型組織提供某種服務的）規劃，計劃，方案例句翻譯WordsTheschemehasbeenrevisedinaccordancewiththeopinionsofthemasses.方案已經根據公眾的意見做了修改。cancel釋義v.tosaythatsomethingthathasbeenarrangedwillnotnowhappen

取消例句翻譯WordsThesportsmeetinghasbeencanceledbecauseofthebadweather.因為天氣原因，運動會被取消了。Allflightshavingbeencanceledbecauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.(Jan.1999,CET-4,Vocabularyandstructure)真題fund釋義n.[C]

anamountofmoneythatyoucollect,save,orinvest

資金；基金；專款例句1翻譯1Words由于缺乏資金，這位科學家放棄了他的研究工作。

Thescientistgaveuphisresearchforlackoffund.

Hesubscribed50dollarstothefloodrelieffund.例句2翻譯2他為水災救濟基金捐了50美元。

fund釋義vt.toprovidethemoneyforsomethingthatcostsalot

為……提供資金；資助例句1翻譯1Words那個富人資助了十個孩子，這讓人們都很敬仰他。Therichmanfunded10studentswhichmadepeopleadmirehim.

Theleisurecentreisfundedcompletelybytheprivatesector.例句2翻譯2該休閑中心完全由私營部門提供資金建成。

absorb釋義vt.totakeinagas,liquid,orothersubstance

吸收（氣體、液體或其他物質）例句1翻譯1Words土壤會吸收雨水。Thesoilcanabsorbtherainwater.

Therockwallssometimessupplyheat,sometimesabsorbit.例句2翻譯2巖壁有時放熱，有時吸熱。

equivalent釋義a.(～to)ofthesamesize,value,importance,ormeaningassomethingelse

相等的；等值的；同義的例句翻譯Words一米等值于39.37英寸。Ameterisequivalentto39.37inches.

Physicsisequivalenttothesciencewhichwascallednaturalphilosophyinhistory.(Jan.1999,CET-4,Vocabularyandstructure)真題summit釋義n.[C](～or～meeting)ameetingorseriesofmeetingsbetweenleadersoftwoormorecountries

（政府首腦間的）最高級會議，高峰會例句翻譯Words任何峰會都必須在精心的準備之后舉行。Anysummitmeetingshouldcomeattheendofcarefulpreparation.

decrease釋義vt.toreducesomething

減少；降低例句1翻譯1Words工人們要減少工作時間，并要增加工資。Theworkmenwanttodecreasetheworkinghoursandtoincreasepay.

Gearsonacarmaybeusedeithertodecreaseorincreasespeed.例句2翻譯2汽車的排擋可用來減速或加速。

decrease釋義vi.tobecomeless

減少；降低例句1翻譯1Words這次水災造成產量大幅度的減少。

Thefloodresultedinaconsiderabledecreaseinproduction.

Thenumberofvisitorshasdecreasedsignificantly.例句2翻譯2游客數量明顯減少。

stability釋義n.[U]asituationinwhichthingshappenastheyshouldandtherearenoharmfulchanges

穩固；穩定例句1翻譯1Words政治穩定對經濟繁榮是必要的。

Politicalstabilityisessentialtoeconomicprosperity.Thisnationisnotedforitsreform,open-up,andeconomicstability.例句2翻譯2這個國家以改革、開放和經濟穩定著稱。

forecast釋義n.[C]astatementaboutwhatislikelytohappen,basedonavailableinformationandusuallyrelatingtotheweather,business,ortheeconomy

（通常指對天氣、商務、經濟方面的）預測，預報例句翻譯Words銷售預測必須在估計價格和安排生產之前進行。

Thesalesforecasthadtobedonebeforethepricingandscheduling.

deadline釋義n.[C](～for)aspecifictimeordatebywhichyouhavetodosomething

最后期限例句翻譯Words我希望你能在最后期限前交上學期論文。

Ihopeyoucansubmityourtermpapersbeforethedeadline.真題Itwasessentialthattheapplicationformsbesentbackbeforethedeadline.

(Jan.1990,CET-4,Vocabularyand

structure)inevitable釋義a.impossibletoavoidorprevent

必然的；不可避免的例句1翻譯1Words交通堵塞在高峰時間是不可避免的。

Trafficjamsareinevitableduringtherushhour.Mypointisthatthefrequentcomplaintofonegenerationabouttheoneimmediatelyfollowingitisinevitable.(Jan.1996,CET-4,Readingcomprehension)例句2翻譯2他的罪行暴露是必然的。

Itwasinevitablethathiscrimewouldbediscovered.consume釋義vt.touseasupplyofsomethingsuchastime,energy,orfuel

消耗，花費（時間、能源或燃料等）

例句Iftherewerenotrade,eachcountrywouldhavetoconsumeitsownproduction.

如果沒有貿易，每個國家都必須消費其本國生產的產品。翻譯WordsInBritainpeopleconsumefourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.(Jan.1996,CET-4,Readingcomprehension)真題consume釋義vt.(fml)toeatordrinksomething

吃；喝例句1Heconsumedalargeplatefulofcakes.他吃了一大盤蛋糕。翻譯1WordsTheguestsconsumedallthespaghetti,sowemademore.例句2翻譯2客人們把所有的意大利面條都吃完了，所以我們又做了一些。switch釋義v.(～to/between)tochangefromonethingtoanother,

ormakesomethingdothis

（使）轉變；（使）改變；

（使）轉換例句1Afterafewsecond,thescreenswitchtothescreensaver.

幾秒鐘后，屏幕轉換到屏幕保護狀態。翻譯1WordsAsnoneofthemwantedtoswitchhalfwaythroughagame,hehadtositatonesidewatching.例句2翻譯2大家不愿中途改變，他只好在一旁坐著看。install釋義vt.(oftenpassive)toputapieceofequipment

somewhereandmakeitreadyforuse

安裝；設置例句1Tominimizetheriskofbeingstolen,agoodalarmsystemshouldbeinstalled.

為減低被盜的風險，應該安裝一個報警系統。翻譯1WordsIsthereanythingtodownloadorinstallinordertousethesystem?

例句2翻譯2要使用這個系統的話，需要下載或安裝什么嗎？solar釋義a.relatingtothesun,orcomingfromthesun

太陽

的；與太陽有關的；來自太陽的例句1Asolaryearhas365days,5hours,49minutes.

每個天文年有365天5小時49分。翻譯1WordsTheexploitationofsolarenergyisgraduallymovingintohighgear.例句2翻譯2太陽能的開發漸漸進入高速發展狀態。panel釋義n.[C]

玻璃片；金屬板例句1Hereachedforthemobilephonetohisrightbelowtheinstrumentpanel.

他伸手到右邊儀表板下拿手機。翻譯1WordsTheunusualcontrolpanelonthewallscaughtourattention.例句2翻譯2墻上不同尋常的控制板引起了我們的注意。panel釋義n.agroupofpeoplewhomakedecisionsorjudgments

評判小組

例句1Apanelofexpertsgaveitsopiniononwaystosolvethetrafficproblem.專家小組就如何解決交通問題發表了意見。翻譯1WordsThejurypanelfinallymadeanagreementafterthreehoursofdiscussing.例句2翻譯2經過三個小時的討論后，陪審團終于達成了一致。

publicity釋義n.[U]thebusinessofmakingsurethatpeopleknowaboutanewproduct,filmetcorwhataparticularfamouspersonisdoing宣傳，推廣例句1TheBritishpresshasgivenconsiderablepublicitytothenovel.英國新聞界已經對這部小說作了很多宣傳。翻譯1WordsThecompanyhaslaunchedacampaignofpublicityforanewcar.

例句2翻譯2該公司已經開始推廣它的新型汽車。

publicity釋義n.Theattentionthatsomeoneorsomethinggetsfromnewspapers,televisionetc（報紙、電視等對某人或某物的）關注，報道例句1Thesingerstar'smarriagegotalotofpublicity.

這位歌星的婚事引起了公眾的關注。翻譯1WordsThenewprojectgainedpublicitythroughpapers.例句2翻譯2這項新工程得到了報紙的廣泛報道。campaign釋義n.[C]aseriesofactionsintendedtoachieveaparticularresultrelatingtopoliticsorbusiness,orasocialimprovement（為取得某種結果而進行的政治、商業或社會性的）運動例句1Thepresidentialcampaignwasinfullswing.總統競選運動正全面鋪開。翻譯1WordsThisanti-smokingcampaignismainlyaimedatyoungteenagers.例句2翻譯2這項反對吸煙活動主要是針對青少年的。

politician釋義n.[C]someonewhohasajobinpolitics,especiallyamemberofparliament政治家（尤指議員）例句1Themayorisaskilledpolitician.市長是一位老練的政治家。

翻譯1WordsThepoliticianwillmeetwiththemtotalkaboutmattersofcommonconcern.例句2翻譯2那位政治家將同他們會見，以談論共同關心的事宜。ringthechanges釋義(BrE)tomakechangestosomething,notbecauseitneedschangingbutjustinordertomakeitmoreinteresting,moreattractiveetc推出新花樣；作出不同的安排Shelikestoringthechangesonhowherofficeisarranged.

她喜歡變著花樣布置自己的辦公室。

Phrases例句1翻譯1例句2Asmartgirlcanringthechangesonherusedclothes.

翻譯2聰明的女孩會用舊衣服作不同的搭配。Text釋義例句翻譯教堂鳴鐘辭別舊歲后，他們沖出屋子開始慶祝。Afterringingouttheoldyear,theyrushedouttocelebrate.ringouttheoldyeartocelebratetheendoftheyearbyringingchurchbells教堂鳴鐘辭別舊歲

Phrases釋義例句翻譯鳴鐘慶新年是這個國家不變的傳統。ringinthenewyearRinginginthenewyearisanunchangedtraditioninthecountry.toringbellstocelebratethebeginningofanewyear

鳴鐘慶新年

Phrasesturnout釋義例句1翻譯1我們怎樣教我們的孩子，他們長大后就變成怎樣的人。

Whatweteachourchildreniswhattheyturnouttobe.todevelopinaparticularwayorhaveaparticularresult

發展為；結果為Ingoodhandsshewillturnoutavaluablewoman.例句2翻譯2如果有個好環境，她會變成一個大家喜愛的人。

Phrasesunderthreat釋義例句1翻譯1野生動物無處不受到滅絕的威脅。

Wildlifeisunderthreateverywhere.likelytobeharmedordamaged

受到威脅的；可能受到傷害的例句2翻譯2Therailwayisunderthreatofclosure.那條鐵路有停止運營的跡象。Phrasesachangeforthebetter釋義例句1翻譯1這份新的工作應該是一個好轉。Thisnewjobshouldbeachangeforthebetter.Thegovernmentwillcontinueitseffortstobringaboutachangeforthebetterinbackwardminorityareas.例句2翻譯2政府繼續努力改變少數民族地區相對落后的面貌。

somethingnewordifferentthatwillmakeasituationbetter（形勢的）好轉Phraseswhatwith釋義(spoken)usedwhenyouaregivinganumberofreasonsforaparticularsituationorproblem

由于；

因為例句1翻譯1一半由于過度勞累一半由于饑餓，約翰病倒了。Whatwithoverworkandwhatwithhunger,Johnfellill.

Whatwiththewindandwhatwiththerain,ourtripwasruined.例句2翻譯2Phrases又是刮風又是下雨，我們的旅行搞砸了。cancelout釋義例句1翻譯1他的缺點抵消了他的優點。Hisweaknessescancelouthisvirtues.tostopsomethingfromhavinganyeffect

抵消The$5Iowedhimandthe$5heowesmecancelout.例句2翻譯2他與我各欠對方五元，正好相互抵消。

Phrasesswitchoff釋義例句1翻譯1請在會議期間關閉手機。

Pleaseswitchoffmobilephonesduringthemeeting.

toturnoff

關掉（電燈或機器等）；（使）停止運行Besuretoswitchoffthelightwhenyouleavetheoffice.例句2翻譯2你離開辦公室時務必把燈關掉。

Phrasesswitchon釋義例句1翻譯1只需將插頭插入插座并開動機器就行了。

Justputthepluginthesocketandswitchonthemachine.toturnon

打開（電燈或機器等）；（使）開始運行Itisbeyondmyreach,soIcouldn’tswitchiton.例句2翻譯2我夠不著它，所以也打不開它。

PhrasesCulturepointsTheimaginarycharacterwhotakespresentstochildrenduringthenightbetweenChristmasEveandChristmasDay.FatherChristmas(圣誕老人)CulturepointsTheseainthemostnorthernpartoftheworld,aroundtheNorthPole.TheArcticOcean(北冰洋)CulturepointsItisagroupofhundredsofverysmallislandsintheIndianOceannearthecoastofsouthernIndia.Theyareaverypopulartouristdestination.

TheMaldiveIslands(馬爾代夫群島)CulturepointsTheyarepointsthatyoucollectwhenyouflywithsomeairlines,andwhichyoucanexchangeforfreeflights.

Airmiles(航空里程)CulturepointsTheClimateConferenceinCopenhagenwasheldinDecember2009.Politiciansfrommanydifferentcountriesmettodiscusstheproblemsofclimatechange.environmentsummitinCopenhagen(哥本哈根環境峰會)CulturepointsHeisanimaginarycharacterinmanytraditionswhorepresentsthepassingoftime.OldFatherTime(時間老人) 全世界的孩子們：你們好！新年快樂！Translation原文我們又該敲響鐘聲辭舊迎新了！（估計你們還有人不知道“辭舊迎新”這種說法是怎么來的。以前，每到除夕之夜，我們都會敲響教堂的鐘，來告別過去，迎接未來。）但是今年，我想與你們說說我對環境的一些憂慮。Translation我剛剛和我親愛的老朋友圣誕老人聊天來著，他給你們送完了禮物，剛剛回到北極的家。他告訴我，今年，他的一只馴鹿腿受傷了，差一點沒能準時在圣誕節送出禮物。那是春天的事了。那時，冰層本來應該是很厚的，但事實上卻比以往要薄很多，于是那只馴鹿差點掉進北冰洋。Translation原文圣誕老人還告訴我，他的北極熊朋友們不得不走到更遠的地方去尋找結實的冰和雪，而北冰洋的鳥類遷徙的時間也與往常不一樣了。看來問題出在氣候變化上。Translation原文全世界的科學家都已經意識到，我們為了取暖、降溫和出行而使用的天然氣、石油和煤炭會釋放大量的二氧化碳到地球的大氣層，從而導致太陽的熱能積聚在大氣層中，這就叫做溫室效應。溫室效應又引起各種其他的變化，我們都知道，有的變化是糟糕透頂的。Translation原文所以，天氣在變化。雨不再是細雨，而是使海水泛濫、山洪暴發的狂風暴雨。甚至一些國家（比如馬爾代夫群島）和大城市（例如紐約和倫敦）也受到了威脅。而其他地方卻因降雨量不足而莊稼干旱，所以有人就會挨餓。我們最喜歡的一些動物，比如大象、老虎和獅子，也正在失去它們的家園。Translation原文不過，我們是可以做點什么讓事情改觀的。要知道，這些科學家還說，我們可以用可再生資源來滿足大多數能源需求，以此來與氣候變化作斗爭。比如，我們可以使用風力渦輪來為房屋照明、取暖，為車輛提供電力。Translation原文圣誕老人很關心自己的航空里程，這不足為奇，因為他要把那么多的禮物送給你們這些孩子啊！但我們也找到了彌補的方法，他可以捐錢在巴西種一片森林以抵消他在圣誕前夜產生的二氧化碳。因為新種的森林能夠吸收同等數量的二氧化碳。你要是坐飛機的話，或許也可以這樣做？Translation原文我們從哥本哈根環境峰會上得知，必須要減少二氧化碳的排放量才能增強氣溫的穩定性，使其變化范圍保持在1.5-2攝氏度之內。有人預言，如果我們到2020年還做不到這一點，那么北極的冰蓋必然融化，海平面將要上升，島嶼和沿海地區將被淹沒，熱帶國家將化為沙漠，寒冷的國家將暖和得令人難以忍受。Translation原文所以，請想想你們在家里和學校都消耗了多少能源，努力減少你們的碳使用量吧！請提醒大家隨手關掉那些開著卻無人使用的電燈和電器，比如電視或手機充電器。看看你們是否可以集資在花園里安裝風力渦輪，或在房頂上安裝太陽能。盡可能使用公共交通工具。Translation最重要的是，在你們的學校開展宣傳活動，讓大家都知道你們在做什么，包括你們的家人、朋友、老師和政界人士，因為知道的人越多，就有越多的人意識到我們的時間已不多了。Translation如果我們的時間不夠了，怎么辦呢？很不幸，到那個時候，世界上就不會再有人互祝新年快樂了。你們的朋友：時間老人TranslationMainideaofthepassageThepassagetakestheformofaletterfromOldFatherTimetochildren,explainingFatherChristmashashadsomeproblemsasaresultofthemeltingice.Theletternamesglobalwarmingasthecauseandlistsotherconsequencesofthis.Childrenaretoldtheymustdotheirbesttohelpstopthisbyusinglesspower.DiggingTextReactingtothetextInterpretingWerea