UNIT

4

NATURAL

DISASTERSSection

Ⅲ

Discovering

Useful

Structures限制性定語從句Ⅰ（關系代詞）學習目標

1.通過分析教材例句,理解和掌握限制性定語從句的用法。(語言能力)2.以練促學,鞏固限制性定語從句的用法,并學以致用。(學習能力)3.熟練使用關系詞。Don’tforgetthethingsthatonceyouowned.

Treasurethethingsthatyoucan’tget.Don’tgiveupthethingsthatbelongtoyou,andkeepthoselostthingsinmemory.

欣賞下面的句子并翻譯成漢語.曾經擁有的,不要忘記。得不到的，更要珍惜。屬于自己的，不要放棄。已經失去的，留作回憶。畫出下面句子中的定語1.Strangethingswerehappeninginthecountryside.

2.Asmellygascameoutofthecracks.3.Somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.4.Morebuildingsfelldown.5.Allhopewasnotlost.6.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybytrain,truckandplane.7.Thewomanteacherintheroomismymother.8....drivingalongthenewhighwayconnectingCuscotoLakeTiticaca.9.ThegirlwithabookinherhandisMary.10.Heisafamouswriterwhocomesfromasmalltown.

定語是起修飾限定作用的成分。可以是形容詞、名詞、數詞、代詞、介詞短語、分詞短語、從句等形式！定語從句那個男人是杰克船長。那個男人正在奔跑。

那個正在奔跑的男人是杰克船長。Translate.ThemanisCaptainJack.Themanisrunning.ThemanwhoisrunningisCaptainJack.一群人正在追趕一個男人。

這個男人叫杰克船長。一群人正在追趕一個叫杰克船長的男人。Translate.Agroupofpeopleisrunningafteraman.Theman’snameisCaptainJack.AgroupofpeopleisrunningafteramanwhosenameisCaptainJack.定語從句的定義

在主從復合句中，對某一名詞或代詞起修飾作用的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的連接詞叫關系詞（關系代詞和關系副詞）。定語從句一般位于先行詞后。意義“...的”ThemanwhoisrunningisCaptainJack.先行詞俺是守護者！關系代詞定語從句的分類ThemanwhoisrunningisCaptainJack.俺是限制性定語從句！Theman,

whoisrunning,isCaptainJack.俺是非限制性定語從句！ThemanisCaptainJack,

whoisrunning

.關系代詞的作用1連接主從句（引導從句）

2代替先行詞

（意義相同）

3在從句中充當成分(主賓表定)ThemanwhoisrunningisCaptainJack.自主探究閱讀下列句子,并注意劃線部分的用法。1.Eleven

kilometres

directly

below

the

city,

one

of

the

most

deadly

earthquakes

of

the

20th

century

had

begun,

a

quake

that/which

even

caused

damage

more

than

150

kilometres

away

in

Beijing.

2.The

number

of

people

who/that

were

killed

or

badly

injured

in

the

quake

was

more

than

400,000.3.Soon

after

the

quakes,

the

army

sent

150,000

soldiers

to

Tangshan

to

dig

out

those

who

were

trapped

and

to

bury

the

dead.4.Workers

built

shelters

for

survivors

whose

homes

had

been

destroyed.

5.The

man(whom/who/that)I

have

to

phone

lives

in

Canada.我的發現(1)

關系代詞who指人,在定語從句中作主語、表語或賓語,如句____、句____和句____。235(2)

關系代詞whom指人,在定語從句中作_______,在口語和非正式文體中可用who或that替換,如句____。賓語5(3)

關系代詞which指_____,在定語從句中作主語或賓語,如句____。物1(4)

關系代詞that既可以指_____也可以指_____,在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語,如句____、句____和句____。人物125(5)

關系代詞whose既可以指人也可以指物,在定語從句中作_______,如句____。定語4關系代詞指代在定語從句中所充當的成分人物句子主語賓語定語whowhomwhichthatwhose關系代詞的用法

要點1關系代詞的基本用法1.who引導的定語從句who指人,在定語從句中可以充當主語、賓語,作賓語時可省略。The

children

who

were

injured

in

the

car

accident

are

being

treated

in

the

hospital

now.

在車禍中受傷的孩子們目前正在醫院接受治療。Danny

was

the

man

(who)

we

rescued

from

the

ruins.

丹尼是我們從廢墟中救出來的那個人。2.whom引導的定語從句whom指人,在定語從句中作賓語,可省略,也可用who代替。Rose

is

the

person

(who/whom)

you

should

care

about.

羅絲是你應該關心的人。The

boy

(who/whom)

the

teacher

often

praises

is

their

monitor.

老師經常表揚的那個男孩是他們的班長。特別提示●關系代詞whom在口語或非正式文體中常可用who/that來代替。Theboy(who/whom/that)wesawyesterdaywasJohn’sbrother.昨天我們看到的那個男孩是約翰的哥哥。●在從句中作介詞的賓語且直接跟在介詞后時,關系代詞用whom,不用who。Heisamanfromwhomweareallreadytolearn.他是我們大家都愿意向其學習的人。3.whose引導的定語從句whose既可以指人,也可以指物,表示“所屬”關系,whose在定語從句中作定語。I

know

the

person

whose

house

was

destroyed

in

the

earthquake.

我認識那個人,他的房子在地震中被摧毀了。我認識那個房子在地震中被摧毀了的人。He

lives

in

a

room

whose

window

faces

north.

他住在一個窗子朝北的房間里。4.which引導的定語從句which指物,在定語從句中作主語、賓語,作賓語時可省略。The

young

man

was

very

happy

to

get

back

the

gold

ring

(which)

he

had

lost

on

the

train.

那個年輕人領回了在火車上丟失的金戒指,他非常高興。The

little

girl

is

having

an

apple

which

is

big

and

red.

小女孩正在吃一個又大又紅的蘋果。5.that引導的定語從句that既可指人,也可指物,在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語,作賓語時可以省略。習慣上指人多用who/whom替代,指物多用which替代。The

number

of

people

that/who

come

to

visit

this

city

each

year

reaches

one

million.

每年來參觀這座城市的人數達100萬。The

suitcase

that/which

lies

on

the

ground

is

hers.

放在地上的那個手提箱是她的。要點2用that不用which的情況1.當先行詞為all、everything、nothing、anything、little、much等不定代詞或先行詞被這些詞修飾時。All

that

can

be

done

has

been

done.一切能做的(事)都已經做了。2.當先行詞是序數詞、形容詞最高級或先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。This

is

the

most

delicious

food

that

I

have

ever

had.這是我吃過的最美味的食物。3.當先行詞被the

only、the

very、the

last修飾時。Chatting

was

the

only

thing

that

interested

her.聊天是她唯一感興趣的事。4.當先行詞既指人,又指物時。She

took

photographs

of

the

things

and

people

that

she

was

interested

in.她把她感興趣的人和物都拍攝了下來。5.當主語是以who或which開頭的疑問句時,為避免重復而用that。Who

is

the

person

that

is

standing

at

the

gate?

站在門口的那個人是誰?6.當先行詞在定語從句中作表語時。Shanghai

is

no

longer

the

city

that

it

used

to

be.上海已不是過去那個樣子了。要點3用which不用that的情況1.在定語從句中作介詞的賓語,且介詞位于關系代詞前時。This

is

the

room

in

which

he

lives.這是他住的房間。2.引導非限制性定語從句時。Tom

came

back,

which

made

us

very

happy.湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。要點4使用定語從句的注意事項1.關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,定語從句的謂語動詞要和先行詞的數保持一致。“one

of＋復數名詞”作先行詞,謂語動詞用復數形式；“the

only

one

of＋復數名詞”作先行詞,謂語動詞用單數形式。This

is

one

of

the

books

which

were

written

by

Charles

Dickens.這是查爾斯·狄更斯所寫的書之一。He

is

the

only

one

of

the

boys

in

our

class

who

has

learned

French.他是我們班里唯一學過法語的男孩。3.關系代詞的省略。(1)關系代詞作主語時不能省略。(2)作動詞賓語的關系代詞,可以省略；作介詞賓語的關系代詞,如果不直接位于介詞后,可省略,如果直接作介詞的賓語,不能省略。(3)關系代詞which在非限制性定語從句中不能省略。2.為避免關系詞的重復,被關系代詞所代替的成分不可在從句中重復出現。This

is

the

factory

which

we

visited

last

Sunday.(visited后不可加it)這就是我們上星期天參觀過的工廠。練

習Ⅰ.單句填空1.The

earthquake____________hit

the

city

in

1906

was

one

of

the

biggest

disasters

in

American

history.that/which2.We

don’t

know

the

number

of

people__________lost

their

homes

in

the

disaster.who/that3.Have

you

read

the

book____________was

written

by

Anne

Frank?which/that4.My

father

bought

a

new

bike

for

me________price

added

up

to

more

than

1,000

yuan.whose5.She

said

she

would

do

anything______could

help

her

mother

recover

from

the

disease.that6.Hany

is

the

boy________mother

is

our

maths

teacher.whose7.The

writer

and

his

work___________you

told

me

are

really

famous.that/不填8.All___________we

need

is

enough

rest

after

long

hours’

work.that/不填9.Anyone_______has

helped

to

save

the

drowning

girl

is

worth

praising.who10.The

boy

and

the

dog______are

in

the

picture

are

very

lovely.thatⅡ.用定語從句完成句子1.The

earthquake_____________________________________________shocked

the

people

all

over

the

world.

發生在1976年的唐山地震使全世界人民感到震驚。that/which

happened

in

Tangshan

in

19762.She

is

one

of

the

girls______________________________.

她是通過考試的女孩之一。who

have

passed

the

exam3.Do

you

mean______________________________yesterday?

你指的是昨天買的那個嗎？the

one

(that)

you

bought4.We

are

going

to

learn

some

Chinese

poems___________________________in

the

Tang

Dynasty.

我們將學習在唐朝時期創作出來的一些中國詩歌。that/which

were

written5.The

teacher

is

saying

something

to

the

student_____________________in

the

accident.

老師正在與那個在事故中失去媽媽的學生說著什么。whose

mother

died

ThoughIcan’tremembereverything____happenedduringthetimeinuniversity,Istillremembersomepeopleandthings

_____

wererelatedtoMissBrown,_____usedtobemonitorinourclass.Ifyouwanttoknowwhotheladyis_____Ireferredtoinmydiary,Icantellyouit’sher,MissBrown.Hereisastory______makesmerememberMissBrownuntilnow.Oneafternoon,sheandIarrivedinNewYork,______wewouldlookforwardto.Wewenttothebiggestbookshopin______

thereweredifferentkindsofbookstobesold.thatthatwhothatthatwhichwhichⅡI.用關系代詞完成下面短文Shepersuadedmetoreadeverygrammarbook______couldoffermeknowledgeofgrammarandbuyadictionary_______Icouldlookupthenewwordsin.MissBrownalsoboughtthesamebooks_____Idid.Justwhenweleftthebookshopandwerereadytogobacktoouruniversity,abigmanstoppedusandrobbedmeofmynecklace.I’llneverforgetthattimewhen

MissBrowntriedherbesttohelpmeandlostoneofherfingers.thataswhichDosomeexercises1.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters

hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.

(2019年全國III卷)2.Ontheedgeofthejacket,therei