句子成分句子成分1概念：組成句子的各個部分，即主語、謂語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語，主語和謂語是句子的主體部分。概念：2主語主語是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定代詞或相當于名詞的單詞或短語來充當，也有從句充當的現象。大多數主語都在句首。主語3主語（subject）:

句子敘述的主體，一般位于句首Thesunrisesintheeast.

（名詞）

Helikesdancing.

（代詞）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數詞)

Seeingisbelieving.

（動名詞）

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.therich=therichpeople名詞化的形容詞主語（subject）:

句子敘述的主體，一般位于句首Th4講述“誰”Weworkinabigfactory.講述“什么”Theclassroomisverybig.數詞作主語Threeareenough.三個人就夠了不定式作主語TooperateontheblindisoneoftheORBISDoctor’sjob.從句作主語Whatweneedisfood.我們最需要的是食物.在“Therebe…”句型中，主語的位置在中間。如：Therearesomebottlesofmilkinthebox.講述“誰”5Toseeistobelieve.

（不定式）

Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.

形式主語真正主語It=thattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatreeToseeistobelieve.

（不定式）6在個別句型中，主語在整個句子后面，這時前面用it作形式主語。如：

Itisveryinterestingtoplaythegamecalled“treatortrick”.

Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.在個別句型中，主語在整個句子后面，這時前面用it作形式主語。71.Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.V.不能做主語！1.Doexerciseisgoodforyour8指出下列句中主語的中心詞

①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.

介詞不能作主語

②Thereisanoldmancominghere.

Thereisanappleonthetable.Anappleisthereonthetable.指出下列句中主語的中心詞

①Theteacherwit9③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.

④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.③Theusefuldictionarywasgi10找出下面句子的主語1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.主語小測找出下面句子的主語主語小測11單選：1.Marywithhertwodaughters_____goingtoShanghaiforExplo2010nextmonth.A.areB.wasC.isD.were2.____moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing3.____isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They單選：12謂語說明主語是什么，做什么或怎么樣。由動詞充當，主語和謂語在人稱和數上必須保持一致。謂語動詞存在多種時態，它是句子的核心。謂語13謂語（predicate）:常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔任，放在主語的后面。Iloveyou!Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.謂語（predicate）:常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔任，放在主14Heisverygenerous.Shelooksverysmartandcool.Wehavefinishedthejob.HecanspeakGerman.Heisverygenerous.15Theplanetookoffat10o’clock.Howoftendoyougoshopping?Whydidn’tyoucomebacklastnight?簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成Theplanetookoffat10o’clo16Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcough.Wearestudents.Thatideasoundsgreat!復合謂語：1.情態動詞\助動詞+v2.系動詞+adj./n.（以及其它表語成分）Youmaykeepthebookfortwo17Openthedoor,please!Goandgetsomewaterforme.Don’tlaughatothers!Don’tcomebacklatetonight.祈使句：1.省略主語you2.謂語動詞用原形Openthedoor,please!18找出下列句子的謂語①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?找出下列句子的謂語①Idon'tlikethepi19⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?11.Putawayyourbooksrightnow!⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworky20按要求找出下列句子的主謂：1.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.（主謂）2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.（謂）3.Don’tgetnervous，andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike．（主謂）4.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.（主謂）5.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.（主）6.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?（主謂）主謂小測祈使句,省略主語you按要求找出下列句子的主謂：主謂小測祈使句,省略主語you211.Itisdifficultforme______somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?A.finish B.finishingC.tofinish D.finished2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends____toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone單選：It’sadj.forsbtodosth.做某事對某人來說是……的形式主語真正的主語tofinish1.Itisdifficultforme_____223.__upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets4.________upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets5.Wow!Thecaketastes_______!CanIhaveonemore?A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good祈使句，謂語動詞用原形動名詞做主語感官動詞+adj.3.__upearly,oryouwillmis23表語說明主語是說明或怎么樣由名詞、形容詞、數詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語、句子等充當它的位置在系動詞后面。表語24形容詞作表語Youlookyoungerthanbefore.

名詞作表語Myfatherisateacher.副詞作表語Everyoneishere.介詞短語作表語Theyareatthetheatre.不定式作表語MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.動名詞作表語Herjobistrainingthenurses.從句作表語Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.形容詞作表語25賓語表示動作、行為的對象由名詞、代詞、不定式、V-ing、從句充當，和及物動詞一起說明主語做什么。它和謂語動詞一起說明主語是什么，通常放在謂語動詞后面。有時，會有雙賓語。賓語26如：名詞作賓語Heneverforgivesothersfortheirmistakes.代詞做賓語Heoftenhelpsme.不定式作賓語Helikestosleepintheopenair.動名詞作賓語TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.從句做賓語Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.如：27直接賓語和間接賓語及物動詞作謂語時，后面要跟賓語，賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動詞的對象。但有些動詞除了直接賓語外，還需要有一個間接賓語，間接賓語表語動作是對誰做的，所以只能用名詞或代詞來充當。如：We

brought

them

somefood.主謂間賓直賓間接賓語可以放在直接賓語后面，但必須加to或for。

直接賓語和間接賓語28賓語(動賓或介賓）

動賓表示行為的對象，放在及物動詞之后。IlikeChina.

Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?WeneedtwoWeshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.

IenjoyworkingwithyouIhopetoseeyouagain.

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?賓語(動賓或介賓）

動賓表示行為的對象，放在及物動詞之后。I29Heisafraidofher--hisheadteacher.

Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.介詞后面的賓語：介賓注意：人稱代詞要用賓格Idecidedtogowith_______.A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.sheHeisafraidofher--hisheadt30Hegavemeabookyesterday.

Givethepoormansomemoney.間接賓語(sb)+直接賓語(sth)：雙賓Hegavemeabookyesterday.

31IthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.形式賓語真正賓語Ithinkithardtofinishthis32①Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.

②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.

③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourjob.

④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?

找出下列句子的賓語①Mybrotherhasn’tdonehish335.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?6.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.7.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.8.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.9.Theythinkitimpossibletogettothestationinsuchashorttime.5.Someofthestudentsinthe34賓語的補足語在英語的句子中有些句子里只有賓語并不能表達完整的意思，還必須在賓語后面加上賓語的補足語才能表達完整的意思。我們把“賓語＋賓語補足語”合起來稱為復合賓語。復合賓語所表達的意思相當于一個巨資的意思。名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞都可以作賓語補足語.

賓語的補足語35名詞作賓補Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyou

king.形容詞作賓補Don’tmakeyourhandsdirty.副詞作賓補WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.介詞短語作賓補Makeyourselfathome.省略to的不定式作賓補Isawagirlgointothebuilding.帶to的不定式作賓補Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown.現在分詞作賓補Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.過去分詞作賓補Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.名詞作賓補36在英語中,常見的“賓語＋賓語補足語”的結構有：“賓語+名詞”。常用于該結構的動詞有：call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave等。

WecallhimJack.TheymadeLiLeitheirmonitor.▲“賓語+形容詞”。常見的動詞有think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want等。如：Doyouthinkhisideawrong?Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.Wecan’tleavehimalone.CanyougeteverythingreadyforthepartybeforeFriday?在英語中,常見的“賓語＋賓語補足語”的結構有：37“賓語+副詞”。副詞作賓補常表示賓語的狀態，與賓語有邏輯上的主表關系。常見的副詞有：down,up,here,there,home,in,out,anywhere等。如：

Lethimin/out.Mr.Lidroveushome.Whengotthere,wefoundhimout.“賓語+副詞”。38▲“賓語+介詞短語”。介詞短語作賓補常表示其邏輯主語（即賓語）所處的狀態，兩者有主表的關系。如：

Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.Weregardhimasourgoodfriend.Heopenedthedoorandfoundsomeofhisfriendsintherain.▲“賓語+介詞短語”。39“賓語+不定式”。充當賓補的不定式有三種：

A.

要求帶to的不定式Thecoolwaterofthelakeinvitedustoswim.

B.

要求不帶to的不定式let,make,see,hear,watch等

Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.IoftenhearhimreadEnglishinhisroom.C.

單詞help后可加to或不加toShesometimeshelpshermother(to)dohousework.“賓語+不定式”。充當賓補的不定式有三種：40▲“賓語+現在分詞”?，F在分詞作賓補，此時在該句型中的賓語即為現在分詞邏輯上的主語，有著主謂關系。

Isawthemplayingontheplayground.IheardMarysingingintheclassroom.▲“賓語+過去分詞”。賓語和賓補之間是被動關系，過去分詞表示被動和完成。

Ihadmybikestolen.Theteacherexplainedagainandagaintomakehimselfunderstood.初升高英語句子成分課件41形式賓語＋形容詞

WefounditimpossibletogettherebeforeSaturday.▲賓語+what從句Callmewhatyoulike.Mr.Lihasmadethefactorywhatitistoday.Themountainvillageisdifferentfromwhatitwastenyearsago.形式賓語＋形容詞42定語用來修飾名詞或代詞。由形容詞、代詞、數詞、介詞短語、不定式、從句充當。定語的位置很靈活，凡是有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語。單詞作定語一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語或句子作定語放在被修飾才之后。定語43形容詞作定語

The

black

bikeismine.

代詞作定語

What’syourname?名詞作定語Theymadesomepaperflowers.介詞短語作定語

TheboysintheroomareinClassThree,GradeOne.不定式作短語

Ihavelotstoeatanddrink.從句作定語

ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.形容詞作定語44

“后置定語”▲修飾不定代詞something,anything,nothing,something,anyone,somebody,anybody,nobody的定語必須后置。如：

We’llgotohavesomethingEnglish.Ifyoudon’tknowtheanswer,asksomeoneelse.Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellme?▲介詞短語作定語時要后置。如：

Doyouknowtheboybehindthetree?

Thestudentsintheroomareallmyfriends.Ithinkthepictureontheleftisbetterthantheoneontheright.“后置定語”45▲動詞的不定式作定語時要后置Whataboutsomethingtodrink?IhavenotimetotraveltoChinaisinAutumnorinSpring.

Doyouhaveanypieceofmusictolistento?▲nearby,below,downstairs等個別方位詞作定語時要后置。如：Weareatthetopofthehill.Canyouseethevillage

below?Thepeopledownstairsarelisteningtoatalknow?Theytooktheboytothehospitalnearbyatonce.▲動詞的不定式作定語時要后置46狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞一般表示行為發生的時間、地點、條件、目的、方式、程度等等。通常由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或句子充當。狀語一般放在句末，但有時也可以放在句首、句中。如：

HediditcarefullyTheymissedmeverymuch.

Withouthishelp,wecouldn’tworkitout.

Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.

WhenIwasyoung,Icouldswimwell.狀語狀語一般放在句末，但有時也可以放在句首、句中。如：47※副詞作狀語的位置：①be動詞之后，實義動詞之前助動詞和實義動詞之間，如usually,

often，sometime，seldom，never，also，only，ever，still……②放在句末修飾動詞，如verymuch，alot，quickly，fast，high，slowly……③修飾形容詞或副詞時在它們前面，如verygood，soearly……④有的副詞在句子中位置靈活，如already，only，sometime……※副詞作狀語的位置：48(一).

指出下列句中主語的中心詞

(4分)

①

The

teacher

with

two

of

his

students

is

walking

into

the

classroom.

②

There

is

an

old

man

coming

here.

③

The

useful

dictionary

was

given

by

my

mother

last

year.

④

To

do

today's

homework

without

the

teacher's

help

is

very

difficult.

(一).

指出下列句中主語的中心詞

(4分)

①

The

49(二).

選出句中謂語的中心詞

(10分，10分鐘)

①

I

don't

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.

A.

don't

B.

like

C.

picture

D.

wall

②

The

days

get

longer

and

longer

when

summer

comes.

A.

get

B.

longer

C.

days

D.

summer

③

Do

you

usually

go

to

school

by

bus?

A.

Do

B.

usually

C.

go

D.

bus

④

There

will

be

a

meeting

at

the

library

this

afternoon.

A.

will

be

B.

meeting

C.

the

library

D.

afternoon

⑤

Did

the

twins

have

porridge

for

their

breakfast?

A.

Did

B.

twins

C.

have

D.

breakfast

(二).

選出句中謂語的中心詞

(10分，10分鐘)

①

50⑥

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

yesterday.

A.

Tom

B.

didn't

C.

do

D.

his

homework

⑦

What

I

want

to

tell

you

is

this.

A.

want

B.

to

tell

C.

you

D.

is

⑧

We

had

better

send

for

a

doctor.

A.

We

B.

had

C.

send

D.

doctor

⑨

He

is

interested

in

music.

A.

is

B.

interested

C.

in

D.

music

⑩

Whom

did

you

give

my

book

to?

A.

give

B.

did

C.

whom

D.

book

⑥

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

y51三)

挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，10分鐘）

①

My

brother

hasn't

done

his

homework.

A

B

C

D

②

People

all

over

the

world

speak

English.

A

B

C

D

③

You

must

pay

good

attention

to

your

pronunciation.

A

B

C

D

④

How

many

new

words

did

you

learn

last

class?

A

B

C

D

⑤

The

old

man

sitting

at

the

gate

said

he

was

ill.

A

B

C

D

三)

挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，10分鐘）

①

My

b52((四)

挑出下列句中的表語

(5分，5分鐘)

①

The

old

man

was

feeling

very

tired.

A

B

C

D

②

Why

is

he

worried

about

Jim?

A

B

C

D

③

The

leaves

have

turned

yellow.

A

B

C

D

④

Soon

They

all

became

interested

in

the

subject.

A

B

C

D

⑤

She

was

the

first

to

learn

about

it.

A

B

C

D

((四)

挑出下列句中的表語

(5分，5分鐘)

①

Th53(五)

挑出下列句中的定語

(6分，6分鐘)

①

They

use

Mr.

Mrs.

with

the

family

name.

A

B

C

D

②

What

is

your

given

name?

A

B

C

D

③

On

the

third

lap

are

Class

1

and

Class

3.

A

B

C

D

④

I

am

afraid

some

people

forgot

to

sweep

the

floor.

A

B

C

D

⑤

The

man

downstairs

was

trying

to

sleep.

A

B

C

D

⑥

I

am

waiting

for

the

sound

of

the

other

shoe!

A

B

C

D

(五)

挑出下列句中的定語

(6分，6分鐘)

①

They54(六)

挑出下列句中的賓語補足語

(6分，6分鐘)

①

She

likes

the

children

to

read

newspapers

and

books

in

the

reading-room.

D

②

He

asked

her

to

take

the

boy

out

of

school.

A

B

C

D

③

She

found

it

difficult

to

do

the

work.

A

B

C

D

④

They

call

me

Lily

sometimes.

A

B

C

D

⑤

I

saw

Mr.

Wang

get

on

the

bus.

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

(六)

挑出下列句中的賓語補足語

(6分，6分鐘)

①

S55(七)

挑出下列句中的狀語（8分，

8分鐘）

①

There

was

a

big

smile

on

her

face.

A

B

C

D

②

Every

night

he

heard

the

noise

upstairs.

A

B

C

D

③

He

began

to

learn

English

when

he

was

eleven.

A

B

C

D

④

The

man

on

the

motorbike

was

travelling

too

fast.

A

B

C

D

⑤

With

the

medicine

box

under

her

arm,

Miss

Li

hurried

off.

A

B

C

D

⑥

She

loves

the

library

because

she

loves

books.

A

B

C

D

⑦

I

am

afraid

that

if

you've

lost

it,

you

must

pay

for

it.

A

B

C

D(七)

挑出下列句中的狀語（8分，

8分鐘）

①

Ther56(八)

劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語

(5分)

①

Please

tell

us

a

story.

②

My

father

bought

a

new

bike

for

me

last

week.

③

Mr.

Li

is

going

to

teach

us

history

next

term.

④

Here

is

a

pen.

Give

it

to

Tom.

⑤

Did

he

leave

any

message

for

me?

(八)

劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語

(5分)

①

Ple57句子成分句子成分58概念：組成句子的各個部分，即主語、謂語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語，主語和謂語是句子的主體部分。概念：59主語主語是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定代詞或相當于名詞的單詞或短語來充當，也有從句充當的現象。大多數主語都在句首。主語60主語（subject）:

句子敘述的主體，一般位于句首Thesunrisesintheeast.

（名詞）

Helikesdancing.

（代詞）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數詞)

Seeingisbelieving.

（動名詞）

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.therich=therichpeople名詞化的形容詞主語（subject）:

句子敘述的主體，一般位于句首Th61講述“誰”Weworkinabigfactory.講述“什么”Theclassroomisverybig.數詞作主語Threeareenough.三個人就夠了不定式作主語TooperateontheblindisoneoftheORBISDoctor’sjob.從句作主語Whatweneedisfood.我們最需要的是食物.在“Therebe…”句型中，主語的位置在中間。如：Therearesomebottlesofmilkinthebox.講述“誰”62Toseeistobelieve.

（不定式）

Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.

形式主語真正主語It=thattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatreeToseeistobelieve.

（不定式）63在個別句型中，主語在整個句子后面，這時前面用it作形式主語。如：

Itisveryinterestingtoplaythegamecalled“treatortrick”.

Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.在個別句型中，主語在整個句子后面，這時前面用it作形式主語。641.Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.V.不能做主語！1.Doexerciseisgoodforyour65指出下列句中主語的中心詞

①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.

介詞不能作主語

②Thereisanoldmancominghere.

Thereisanappleonthetable.Anappleisthereonthetable.指出下列句中主語的中心詞

①Theteacherwit66③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.

④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.③Theusefuldictionarywasgi67找出下面句子的主語1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.主語小測找出下面句子的主語主語小測68單選：1.Marywithhertwodaughters_____goingtoShanghaiforExplo2010nextmonth.A.areB.wasC.isD.were2.____moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing3.____isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They單選：69謂語說明主語是什么，做什么或怎么樣。由動詞充當，主語和謂語在人稱和數上必須保持一致。謂語動詞存在多種時態，它是句子的核心。謂語70謂語（predicate）:常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔任，放在主語的后面。Iloveyou!Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.謂語（predicate）:常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔任，放在主71Heisverygenerous.Shelooksverysmartandcool.Wehavefinishedthejob.HecanspeakGerman.Heisverygenerous.72Theplanetookoffat10o’clock.Howoftendoyougoshopping?Whydidn’tyoucomebacklastnight?簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成Theplanetookoffat10o’clo73Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcough.Wearestudents.Thatideasoundsgreat!復合謂語：1.情態動詞\助動詞+v2.系動詞+adj./n.（以及其它表語成分）Youmaykeepthebookfortwo74Openthedoor,please!Goandgetsomewaterforme.Don’tlaughatothers!Don’tcomebacklatetonight.祈使句：1.省略主語you2.謂語動詞用原形Openthedoor,please!75找出下列句子的謂語①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?找出下列句子的謂語①Idon'tlikethepi76⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?11.Putawayyourbooksrightnow!⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworky77按要求找出下列句子的主謂：1.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.（主謂）2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.（謂）3.Don’tgetnervous，andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike．（主謂）4.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.（主謂）5.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.（主）6.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?（主謂）主謂小測祈使句,省略主語you按要求找出下列句子的主謂：主謂小測祈使句,省略主語you781.Itisdifficultforme______somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?A.finish B.finishingC.tofinish D.finished2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends____toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone單選：It’sadj.forsbtodosth.做某事對某人來說是……的形式主語真正的主語tofinish1.Itisdifficultforme_____793.__upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets4.________upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets5.Wow!Thecaketastes_______!CanIhaveonemore?A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good祈使句，謂語動詞用原形動名詞做主語感官動詞+adj.3.__upearly,oryouwillmis80表語說明主語是說明或怎么樣由名詞、形容詞、數詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語、句子等充當它的位置在系動詞后面。表語81形容詞作表語Youlookyoungerthanbefore.

名詞作表語Myfatherisateacher.副詞作表語Everyoneishere.介詞短語作表語Theyareatthetheatre.不定式作表語MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.動名詞作表語Herjobistrainingthenurses.從句作表語Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.形容詞作表語82賓語表示動作、行為的對象由名詞、代詞、不定式、V-ing、從句充當，和及物動詞一起說明主語做什么。它和謂語動詞一起說明主語是什么，通常放在謂語動詞后面。有時，會有雙賓語。賓語83如：名詞作賓語Heneverforgivesothersfortheirmistakes.代詞做賓語Heoftenhelpsme.不定式作賓語Helikestosleepintheopenair.動名詞作賓語TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.從句做賓語Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.如：84直接賓語和間接賓語及物動詞作謂語時，后面要跟賓語，賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動詞的對象。但有些動詞除了直接賓語外，還需要有一個間接賓語，間接賓語表語動作是對誰做的，所以只能用名詞或代詞來充當。如：We

brought

them

somefood.主謂間賓直賓間接賓語可以放在直接賓語后面，但必須加to或for。

直接賓語和間接賓語85賓語(動賓或介賓）

動賓表示行為的對象，放在及物動詞之后。IlikeChina.

Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?WeneedtwoWeshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.

IenjoyworkingwithyouIhopetoseeyouagain.

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?賓語(動賓或介賓）

動賓表示行為的對象，放在及物動詞之后。I86Heisafraidofher--hisheadteacher.

Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.介詞后面的賓語：介賓注意：人稱代詞要用賓格Idecidedtogowith_______.A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.sheHeisafraidofher--hisheadt87Hegavemeabookyesterday.

Givethepoormansomemoney.間接賓語(sb)+直接賓語(sth)：雙賓Hegavemeabookyesterday.

88IthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.形式賓語真正賓語Ithinkithardtofinishthis89①Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.

②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.

③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourjob.

④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?

找出下列句子的賓語①Mybrotherhasn’tdonehish905.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?6.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.7.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.8.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.9.Theythinkitimpossibletogettothestationinsuchashorttime.5.Someofthestudentsinthe91賓語的補足語在英語的句子中有些句子里只有賓語并不能表達完整的意思，還必須在賓語后面加上賓語的補足語才能表達完整的意思。我們把“賓語＋賓語補足語”合起來稱為復合賓語。復合賓語所表達的意思相當于一個巨資的意思。名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞都可以作賓語補足語.

賓語的補足語92名詞作賓補Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyou

king.形容詞作賓補Don’tmakeyourhandsdirty.副詞作賓補WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.介詞短語作賓補Makeyourselfathome.省略to的不定式作賓補Isawagirlgointothebuilding.帶to的不定式作賓補Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown.現在分詞作賓補Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.過去分詞作賓補Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.名詞作賓補93在英語中,常見的“賓語＋賓語補足語”的結構有：“賓語+名詞”。常用于該結構的動詞有：call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave等。

WecallhimJack.TheymadeLiLeitheirmonitor.▲“賓語+形容詞”。常見的動詞有think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want等。如：Doyouthinkhisideawrong?Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.Wecan’tleavehimalone.CanyougeteverythingreadyforthepartybeforeFriday?在英語中,常見的“賓語＋賓語補足語”的結構有：94“賓語+副詞”。副詞作賓補常表示賓語的狀態，與賓語有邏輯上的主表關系。常見的副詞有：down,up,here,there,home,in,out,anywhere等。如：

Lethimin/out.Mr.Lidroveushome.Whengotthere,wefoundhimout.“賓語+副詞”。95▲“賓語+介詞短語”。介詞短語作賓補常表示其邏輯主語（即賓語）所處的狀態，兩者有主表的關系。如：

Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.Weregardhimasourgoodfriend.Heopenedthedoorandfoundsomeofhisfriendsintherain.▲“賓語+介詞短語”。96“賓語+不定式”。充當賓補的不定式有三種：

A.

要求帶to的不定式Thecoolwaterofthelakeinvitedustoswim.

B.

要求不帶to的不定式let,make,see,hear,watch等

Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.IoftenhearhimreadEnglishinhisroom.C.

單詞help后可加to或不加toShesometimeshelpshermother(to)dohousework.“賓語+不定式”。充當賓補的不定式有三種：97▲“賓語+現在分詞”。現在分詞作賓補，此時在該句型中的賓語即為現在分詞邏輯上的主語，有著主謂關系。

Isawthemplayingontheplayground.IheardMarysingingintheclassroom.▲“賓語+過去分詞”。賓語和賓補之間是被動關系，過去分詞表示被動和完成。

Ihadmybikestolen.Theteacherexplainedagainandagaintomakehimselfunderstood.初升高英語句子成分課件98形式賓語＋形容詞

WefounditimpossibletogettherebeforeSaturday.▲賓語+what從句Callmewhatyoulike.Mr.Lihasmadethefactorywhatitistoday.Themountainvillageisdifferentfromwhatitwastenyearsago.形式賓語＋形容詞99定語用來修飾名詞或代詞。由形容詞、代詞、數詞、介詞短語、不定式、從句充當。定語的位置很靈活，凡是有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語。單詞作定語一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語或句子作定語放在被修飾才之后。定語100形容詞作定語

The

black

bikeismine.

代詞作定語

What’syourname?名詞作定語Theymadesomepaperflowers.介詞短語作定語

TheboysintheroomareinClassThree,GradeOne.不定式作短語

Ihavelotstoeatanddrink.從句作定語

ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.形容詞作定語101

“后置定語”▲修飾不定代詞something,anything,nothing,something,anyone,somebody,anybody,nobody的定語必須后置。如：

We’llgotohavesomethingEnglish.Ifyoudon’tknowtheanswer,asksomeoneelse.Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellme?▲介詞短語作定語時要后置。如：

Doyouknowtheboybehindthetree?

Thestudentsintheroomareallmyfriends.Ithinkthepictureontheleftisbetterthantheoneontheright.“后置定語”102▲動詞的不定式作定語時要后置Whataboutsomethingtodrink?IhavenotimetotraveltoChinaisinAutumnorinSpring.

Doyouhaveanypieceofmusictolistento?▲nearby,below,downstairs等個別方位詞作定語時要后置。如：Weareatthetopofthehill.Canyouseethevillage

below?Thepeopledownstairsarelisteningtoatalknow?Theytooktheboytothehospitalnearbyatonce.▲動詞的不定式作定語時要后置103狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞一般表示行為發生的時間、地點、條件、目的、方式、程度等等。通常由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或句子充當。狀語一般放在句末，但有時也可以放在句首、句中。如：

HediditcarefullyTheymissedmeverymuch.

Withouthishelp,wecouldn’tworkitout.

Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.

WhenIwasyoung,Icouldswimwell.狀語狀語一般放在句末，但有時也可以放在句首、句中。如：104※副詞作狀語的位置：①be動詞之后，實義動詞之前助動詞和實義動詞之間，如usually,

often，sometime，seldom，never，also，only，ever，still……②放在句末修飾動詞，如verymuch，alot，quickly，fast，high，slowly……③修飾形容詞或副詞時在它們前面，如verygood，soearly……④有的副詞在句子中位置靈活，如already，only，sometime……※副詞作狀語的位置：105(一).

指出下列句中主語的中心詞

(4分)

①

The

teacher

with

two

of

his

students

is

walking

into

the

classroom.

②

There

is

an

old

man

coming

here.

③

The

useful

dictionary

was

given

by

my

mother

last

year.

④

To

do

today's

homework

without

the

teacher's

help

is

very

difficult.

(一).

指出下列句中主語的中心詞

(4分)

①

The

106(二).

選出句中謂語的中心詞

(10分，10分鐘)

①

I

don't

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.

A.

don't

B.

like

C.

picture

D.

wall

②

The