必修2Unit4

CyberspaceStep1誦讀經典·滲透文化意識Ⅰ.細品味經典文章(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)

Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn’trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen’talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.Ⅱ.按要求完成任務1.寫出文章中與科技相關的單詞和短語。_________________________________________________________________________

dataandidentitytheft,fingerprintscans,e-spaces,asmartkeyboard,type,password2.寫出文章中的優美句式。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(1)Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.(2)Italsodoesn’trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen’talreadyfamiliarwith.(3)Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.

Step2固本強基·鍛造語言能力Ⅰ.重點詞匯1.focusvt.&vi.集中注意;(使聚焦)n.

焦點,聚焦;(活動興趣)中心,集中點【典型例句】Ifyoufocusyourattentiononyourstudy,Iamsureyouwillmakegreaterprogress.如果你專注于學習,我相信你會取得更大的進步。【詞塊必記】(1)focuson 聚焦于;專注于focusone’seyeson 凝視;注意focusone’sattentionon 集中注意力于focusone’smindon 把心思集中到……上(2)infocus 焦距對準,清晰outoffocus 焦距沒對準,模糊【巧學助記】集中注意力于focus【語境速測】單句語法填空①Someparentsfocusmore___children’sacademicperformances,ignoringtheeducationofsurvivalskills.②Withyourattentionfully_______(focus)onthecellphone,perhaps,youwillfailtonoticethetrafficaroundyou.③Thebook_______(focus)onbigquestions:Whathassciencerevealedabouthumannature?

onfocusedfocuses一句多譯④他當時正集中精力閱讀。______________________________________________(focus)

=____________________________________________(fix)

=___________________________________(absorb)

=______________________________(lose)

=___________________________________________________(concentrate)

Hewasfocusinghisattentiononreadingatthattime.Hewasfixinghisattentiononreadingatthattime.Hewasabsorbedinreadingatthattime.Hewaslostinreadingatthattime.Hewasconcentratinghisattentiononreadingatthattime.【知識拓展】表示“專心于……”的同義詞組還有:①concentrateon

②fixone’sattentionon③belostin ④beabsorbedin⑤beburiedin ⑥bedevotedto2.harmvt.&

n.傷害,損害【典型例句】Litteringandscribblingdogreatharmtotheimageofourschool.亂丟垃圾,亂涂亂畫嚴重損害了我們學校的形象。【詞塊必記】meannoharm=notmeananyharm無惡意Thereisnoharmindoingsth. 做某事無害處(2)harmful adj.有害的beharmfulto... 對……有害【巧學助記】【知識拓展】對比記憶派生短語ability→one’sabilitytodo

able→beabletodosuccess→one’ssuccessin successful→besuccessfulin【語境速測】單句語法填空①Foranotherthing,smokingdoesgreatharm__ourhealth,sothesecandiescanserveasanalternativeoradoctor.②Ifyouwanttosolvetheprobleminthisway,thereisnoharmin______(call)her.tocalling同義句轉換③Soapsandotherwastescanharmwaterways,sobecarefulthatyourwashingwaterdoesn’tpollutethesea,lakesandrivers.→Soapsandotherwastescan________________________________waterways,sobecarefulthatyourwashingwaterdoesn’tpollutethesea,lakesandrivers.

doharmto/beharmfulto/bebadfor【寫作金句】Asthelegendtells,fireisprohibitedduringtheQingmingFestival,sopeoplecometojoinsomesportsactivitiestokeepwarmandavoidharmscausedbycolddishes.相傳清明節要禁火,為了取暖和防止寒食冷餐傷身,所以大家來參加一些體育活動。3.settlevt.&vi.安放;安居,定居;解決【典型例句】Besideswatchinglanterns,itisalsoadaytoappreciatethefullmoon,settlelanternriddles,watchartperformancesandeattang

yuan,dumplingballsmadeofglutinousrice,usuallywithsweetfillings.除了看燈,它(元宵節)也是賞月、猜燈謎、看藝術表演、吃湯圓/元宵的好時候。湯圓是用糯米來做的,通常包著甜餡。【詞塊必記】(1)settledown 安下心來;定居下來;舒適地坐下settledowntosth. 安下心來做某事;開始認真對待某事settlein/into 安頓下來;逐漸適應(新環境、工作等)settleon 決定,選定;停留,降落(2)settlement n.解決;定居地;協議reachasettlement 達成協議(3)settled adj.不變的,穩定的;固定的(4)settler n.定居者【熟詞生義】Isettledthebillformycoffeeandhistwoglassesofwine.(v.結賬)【語境速測】單句語法填空①Refugees_______(settle)inBritainsufferfromanumberofproblems.②They’dliketoseetheirdaughter_____(settle)down,getmarriedandhavekids.③Theysettleddown__aseriousdiscussionovercoffee.settlingsettleto完成句子④They_______________________(沒有達成協議),becausetheydisagreedtoomuchwitheachother.

⑤Don’tjustwasteyourprecioustime;____________________________________(坐下來讀點書或者做點別的什么事).

failedtoreachasettlementsettledowntosomereadingorsomething【寫作金句】Ifyouwanttoimproveasubjectthatyouareweakin,youshouldsettledowntoit,andbepersistent.Youwillsucceedintime.如果你想提升你的弱科,那么你應該專心于這個學科,持之以恒。你終將會成功。4.viewn.

景色,風景視野;觀點意見vt.眺望;觀察;觀看;看作【典型例句】Theviewfromourwindowwasoneofbeautifulgreencountryside.從我們的窗口能看見一片美麗的綠色田園風光。【詞塊必記】(1)comeintoview 進入視野,出現在眼前inone’sview=intheviewofsb. 在某人看來inviewof 鑒于,考慮到from...pointofview 從……觀點來看haveagoodviewof 清楚地看到,飽覽(2)view...as 把……視為不一樣的“風景”【語境速測】寫出黑體部分的含義①Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.(

)②Ababywillcometoaccepttheideathatotherpeoplecanhavedifferentviewsanddesiresfromwhatheorshehas.(

)視野觀點,見解完成句子③______________________________,ifyouwanttolearnEnglishwell,youneedtodomorelistening,speaking,readingandwriting.在我看來,如果你想學好英語,你需要多聽、多說、多讀、多寫。

Inmyview/Frommypointofview【文化金句】ChineseviewofCaoCaomainlycomesfromtheMingDynastynovelistLuoGuanzhong’sThe

Romance

of

the

Three

Kingdoms.中國人對曹操的評價主要源于明代小說家羅貫中所著的《三國演義》。5.affectvt.

影響,起作用;感動,打動;(疾病)感染,侵襲【典型例句】Thetrafficissueisahardnuttocrack.Itnotonlyaffectsoureverydaylife,butmayalsothreatenpeople’slives.交通問題是一個很難解決的難題。它不僅影響我們的日常生活,還可能威脅人們的生命。【詞塊必記】(1)beaffectedwithahighfever 發高燒affectsb.totears 把某人感動得流淚begreatly/deeplyaffectedby 被……深深打動(2)effect n.效果;影響haveaneffecton 對……產生影響【語境速測】單句語法填空①Thefootballplayershavespentdozensofdaysinthemilitarycampwiththesoldiers,whichhasaneffect___them.②Ifseriously_______(affect),housesoftheordinarykindmightsuddenlycrumble,causinglossoflives.

onaffected句式升級③Theaudienceweredeeplyaffected,andtheywarmlyapplaudedforalongtime.→______________,theaudiencewarmlyapplaudedforalongtime.(非謂語動詞作狀語)

→Theaudience,______________________,warmlyapplaudedforalongtime.(定語從句)

DeeplyaffectedwhoweredeeplyaffectedⅡ.核心短語6.getintouch取得聯系【典型例句】Itriedtogetintouchwithhim,butunfortunately,Idon’thavehisaddressandcan’tconnectwithhim.我試著和他聯系,但不幸的是,我沒有他的地址,無法和他聯系。【詞塊必記】beintouch/contact(with) 與……有聯系beoutoftouch/contact(with) 與……沒有聯系stay/keepintouch/contact(with) 與……保持聯系losetouch/contact(with) 與……失去聯系【語境速測】單句語法填空①Get__touch____mewithouthesitationifnecessary.②Governmentministersareoftenbeingaccusedofbeingout__touchwithlife.完成句子③They________________________eachothersincetheirgraduationfromcollege.

大學畢業之后他們就失去聯系了。inwithofhavebeenoutoftouchwith【寫作金句】

Thosewhoareinterestedinthejobpleasegetintouchwithusassoonaspossiblebytelephoneore-mail.對這份工作感興趣的人,請用電話或者電子郵件盡快和我們取得聯系。7.beupto做,從事于;多達,達到(數量/規格);勝任;直到……為止;取決于,由……決定;是……的責任【典型例句】Uptotwentythousandstudentspaidbetweenfiveandsixthousanddollars.多達20000名學生支付了5000到6000美元。【詞塊必記】(1)uptosth. 做,忙于;多達;勝任;

直到……為止uptosb. 某人決定,是某人的責任Itisuptosb.todosth. 由某人決定做某事liveupto 達到……的標準;不辜負(2)What’sup? 怎么了?【語境速測】寫出黑體部分的含義①I’mafraidTimjustisn’tuptothejob. ()②Uptosixhundredpeopleattendedthemeeting. ()③Shecontinuedtocareforherfatheruptothetimeofhisdeath. ()勝任多達直到【寫作金句】However,ifyoudon’thavesparetimeforthistrip,itisfine.It’sjustuptoyou.不過,如果你沒有時間去旅行,也沒關系。這取決于你。8.beknownas被認為是【典型例句】ThediseaseismorecommonlyknownasMadCowDisease.這種疾病更通俗的名稱是瘋牛病。【詞塊必記】beknownfor 因為……而出名beknowntosb. 為某人所熟知bewellknown 出名asisknowntoall 眾所周知【語境速測】單句語法填空①Itisknown__usthatChinaismakinggreatprogressinthedevelopmentofeconomy.②TheWestLakeisknowntousall___itsbeauty.tofor完成句子③______________________________(眾所周知),highschoollifeisanimportantturningpointandhighschoolcampusisanimportantplacewherestudentsstudyandlive.

Asisknowntoall/AsweallknowⅢ.經典句式9.ItisclearthatwearegoingtoseeahugegrowthinshoppingontheInternet.

很明顯,我們將會看到網上購物的大幅度增長。【典型例句】Itislikelythatbabiesarenotbornknowingthisbasicfactoftheuniverse;noraretheyeverclearlytaughtit.嬰兒出生時可能并不知道宇宙的這一基本事實;他們也沒有清楚地學習過。【句型公式】(1)在“Itis+adj.+that從句(或動詞不定式等)”結構中,it作形式主語代替后面that引導的主語從句(或動詞不定式等)。(2)it代替從句作形式主語的常見句型有:①Itis/was+adj.(clear,obvious,true,possible,necessary,natural,important...)+that...②Itis/was+n.(apity,ashame,nowonder...)+that...③Itis/was+過去分詞(said,reported,suggested,requested,ordered...)+that...④Itseems/happened/appears/occurred/doesn’tmatter/makesnodifference+that...【語境速測】單句語法填空①Therefore,__isimportantthatweshouldformgoodhabitswhenwestudy.②Itisnatural____younggirlsatyouragehopetolookbeautiful.itthat一句多譯③很顯然,對某些人來說,孩子的出生會使他們失去自由。

______________,tosome,thebirthofababywillbeattheexpenseoftheirfreedom.

=_________,tosome,thebirthofababywillbeattheexpenseoftheirfreedom.It’sobviousthatObviously【寫作金句】Itisclearthatbicycleridingcanbringusmanybenefits,suchasrelievingpressureonthedowntowntransportation,makinglessnoiseandairpollutionandsoforth.很明顯,騎自行車會為我們帶來很多益處,比如,緩解城區交通壓力,降低噪音和空氣污染等。【誤區釋疑】在以上句型中,如果從句內容只是簡單地陳述事實,謂語動詞用陳述語氣;如果從句內容并不是陳述事實,而是表達某種強烈的情感(要求、建議、命令、責備、惋惜、吃驚等),謂語動詞用虛擬語氣,即“(should+)do”形式。10.Someexpertsseeourfutureinvirtualreality—theuseofcomputerswithsoundsandpicturesthatmakeyoufeelasifyouareinarealsituation.

有些專家看到了虛擬現實中我們的未來——計算機通過聲音和圖像使你感到你仿佛置身于一個真實的情境中。【典型例句】Thehouseseemedmuted,hushedasifithadbeendeserted.房子里似乎悄然無聲,安靜得好像已經沒人在住一樣。【句型公式】(1)asif/though可以引導表語從句或方式狀語從句。(2)如果asif/though引導的從句表示實現的可能性很小或與事實相反,則從句用虛擬語氣:與現在的事實相反謂語動詞使用過去式(be的過去式一律使用were)與過去的事實相反謂語動詞使用過去完成式表示將來情況發生的可能性小謂語動詞用“would/could/might+動詞原形”(3)asif/though引導狀語從句時,如果狀語從句含有be動詞,且其主語與主句主語一致,則可省略其中的主語和be動詞。【語境速測】單句語法填空①ItwasPeterwhobrokethevase.WhyareyoutalkingasifI________(do)it?

②Thoughthelocalvillagerswerepoor,theyofferedtheirclothesandfoodasifI

_____(be)theirownfamily.

haddonewere句型轉換③Theboywalkedaroundtheplaygroundagainandagainasifhewaslookingforsomething.→Theboywalkedaroundtheplaygroundagainandagainasif___________________.

④Theyweretalkinginawhisperasiftheyweresayingsomethingsecret.→Theyweretalkinginawhisperasif_____________________.

lookingforsomethingsayingsomethingsecret【寫作金句】Theboycaughtcheatingyesterdayactedasifnothinghadhappened.昨天被發現作弊的那個男孩表現得好像什么也沒發生過。【備選要點】1.likelyadj.有可能的adv.(與most,very連用)可能【典型例句】Ticketsarelikelytobeexpensive. 入場券可能很貴。【詞塊必記】(1)sb./sth.belikelytodosth. 某人/某物可能做某事(2)It’slikelythat... ……是可能的(3)notlikely 不可能【易混辨析】likely表示某事很可能發生,與probable意思相近,主語可以是人也可以是物。常用“Itislikelythat...”或“sb./sth.belikelytodosth.”possible可能性相對小,作表語時,主語不能是人。常用“Itispossibleforsb.todosth.”或“Itispossiblethat...”probable帶有“很可能”的意味,語氣比possible強,作表語時不能用人或不定式作主語。常用“Itisprobablethat...”【巧學助記】不一樣的可能【語境速測】單句語法填空①Peoplewhoareaddictedtofastfoodaremorelikely________(suffer)fromvariouslife-threateningdiseases.

②__islikelythatpersonalinformationcouldbeletoutandmoneystolen.tosufferIt完成句子③People___________________________________________(可能忘記他們自己的傳統和文化)iftheyfocustoomuchonforeignfestivals.

④Physicallyactivechildren____________________________________________.(更有可能成長為積極健康的成年人)

arelikelytoforgettheirowntraditionandculturearemorelikelytobecomeactiveandhealthyadults一句多譯⑤如果繼續吸煙,你的身體健康會受到損害。You___________sufferfrombadhealthifyoukeepsmoking.

=_____________youwillsufferfrombadhealthifyoukeepsmoking.

arelikelytoItislikelythat【寫作金句】Whenteensusesocialmedia,theyarelikelytohavetroubleconcentratingontheirschoolwork.當青少年使用社交媒體的時候,他們可能會難以集中注意力于學習。2.rejectvt.

拒絕,不接收【典型例句】MostofmyclassmateswantedtogotoaparkwhileIhadanideaofgoingtoanicerplace.Imanagedtopersuademyclassmatesnottorejectmyidea.Wedidhaveagoodtimethatday.我的大多數同學想去公園,而我卻想到了一個更好的地方。我設法說服同學們接受我的想法。那天我們確實玩得很開心。【易混辨析】reject語氣比refuse強,后面通常只接名詞或代詞,意為“摒棄,拒絕接受,不予考慮”refuse是普通用詞,語氣比decline強,指態度堅決、肯定無疑地拒絕。可用名詞、代詞或不定式作賓語decline指婉言謝絕有關社交活動的邀請或請求等【語境速測】單句語法填空①Thereareplentyofwell-qualifiedcandidates,soitisnotwrong________(reject)someonewhomightdisappointmycustomers.

②John________________(reject)byanumberofuniversitieswhenhereceivedane-mailfromtheUniversityofCalifornialastmonth.

torejecthadbeenrejected完成句子I______________himthat____________________.

我清楚地告訴他,我拒絕了他的建議。madeitcleartoIrejectedhisproposal【寫作金句】

Itisuptoyoutoacceptorrejecttheproposals.接受或是拒絕這些建議由你決定。3.fancyvt.(非正式)想要做;幻想n.

幻想;喜好adj.

花哨的【典型例句】

Shemakesmostofherownclothes,copyinganyfashionwhichtakesherfancy.她大部分的衣服是模仿中意的時裝自己做的。【詞塊必記】(1)haveafancyfor/takeafancyto... 喜歡……havealivelyfancy 有豐富的想象力(2)fancydoingsth. 想象做某事,竟然做某事Ifancy...=Ibet/guess... 我想……fancyoneself(as)sth. 自以為,自命為……(3)fancyclothes/diving/freshfruits/prices新奇的服裝/花式跳水/特級新鮮水果/高昂的價格【語境速測】單句語法填空①Surelyasawomanshehassimplytakenafancy__theplace.②Shefanciesherself__anotherMadonna.toas句式轉換③Asmiddleschoolstudents,weoftenimaginestudyinginourfavoriteuniversities.→Asmiddleschoolstudents,weoften_____________inourfavoriteuniversities.

fancystudying【寫作金句】IwasinformedthatourschoolPing-pongTeamislookingfornewmembersamongusstudents.Iknowyoushowgreatfancyinballgames,especiallyping-pong.我聽說我們學校的乒乓球隊正在從我們學生中招新隊員。我知道你很喜歡球類運動,尤其是乒乓球。4.suggestionn.

建議,提議【典型例句】LearningyourkeeninterestinChineseculture,IsuggestyouapplyforPekingUniversity,oneofthebestuniversitiesinChina.鑒于你對中國文化的濃厚興趣,我建議你申請中國最好的大學之一北京大學。【詞塊必記】(1)make/offer/giveasuggestion 建議,提議askforasuggestion 征求建議(2)suggest vt.建議;暗示;表明suggestdoingsth. 建議做某事suggest(that)sb./sth.(should)dosth. 建議……做……【誤區釋疑】suggest表示“暗示,表明”時,其主語往往是事物,而不是人。這時suggest后的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。【語境速測】單句語法填空①Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatshe____(be)verysatisfiedwithwhatwehaddone.②Hesuggested_______(deal)withtheprobleminanotherway.wasdealing一句多譯他建議我們步行去那里。③________________________________________

④________________________________________________

Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gothereonfoot.Hemadeasuggestionthatwe(should)gothereonfoot.【寫作金句】

Isuggestyouaskhimsomespecificquestionsabouthispast.我建議你問問他有關他的過去的一些具體問題。5.averageadj.平均的,普通的,平常的n.平均數,一般水平,中等【典型例句】Onaverage,eachstudentreads5.34books,whichisdefinitelynotadequate.平均來說,每個學生讀5.34本書,這肯定是不夠的。【詞塊必記】on(the)average 平均而言;一般來說above/below(the)average 高于/低于平均水平anaverageof... 平均數為……uptotheaverage 達到一般水平【語境速測】單句語法填空①___averageeachreportrequires1,000hourstoprepare.②Ittakes___averageoftenweeksforahousesaletobecompleted.Onan語段填空③Theaverageworkinghoursformostteachersareover10hoursadayinmostareas.__________,theirsalaryis________________.Mostofthemhave____________5,000yuanamonth.

很多地區的大多數老師平均每天的工作時間超過了10個小時。一般來說,他們的收入高于平均水平。他們中的大多數平均每月有5000元。OnaverageabovetheaverageanaverageofStep3強化檢測·提升學習能力Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemost_____(like)contributingtofewerinjuries.2.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetect________(harm)chemicalsingroundwater.

likelyharmful3.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchan

_________(attract)activity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.4.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)_______(office)reportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2001to419,000in2013.attractiveOfficial5.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)AswetravelsouthfromMadridwithProf.RonaldMessiertohistoricToledo,RomanMeridaandintoAndalucia,weexplore_________(history)monumentsandarchitecture.

historicalⅡ.語法填空(黑體詞為本單元重點詞匯)短文中黑體部分為本單元核心知識點,請按要求補全短文,并背誦體會黑體部分用法。

Oneday,Tom1.___(get)intouchwithoneofhisgoodfriendsLinda.She2.________(know)asawriterand3._________(settle)inthesuburbs.Nowadays,sheisfocusingherattentionon4._______(write)anewnovelaboutcyberspace,whichconsists5.___sixsections.TomtoldLindathathewouldtake6.____hisfather’scompanysoon.What’smore,hewouldtakeimmediateaction7.________(realize)hisdream.8.__isclearthatheisgoingtomakethebusinessbiggerandstronger.gotisknownhassettledwritingovertorealizeItofHisfathertoldhimifhekeptthebusiness9._______(run)smoothly,hewouldtravelabroadasifhisgrandfatherhaddoneso.IntheviewofLinda,Tomshouldhang10.___untilhesucceeds.

runningonⅢ.短文改錯(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)

TodayItriedcookingasimplydishmyself.Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmusttobeeasytocook.Mymomtoldmehowtopreparingit.FirstIcutthetomatoesintopiecesbutputthemaside.NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopstick.AfterthatIpouredoilintoapanandturnedoffthestove.Iwaitedpatientlyunlesstheoilwashot.ThenIputthetomatoesandthebeateneggsintopantogether.“Notthatway,”mymomtriedtostopusbutfailed.Shewasright.Itdidn’tturnoutasIhadwished.【文章大意】本文是記敘文。文章介紹了我第一次做西紅柿炒雞蛋的經歷。答案:

1.【解析】第一句:simply→simple。修飾名詞要用形容詞。2.【解析】第二句:frying→fried。tomatoeswitheggs與fry存在邏輯上的動賓關系,故用過去分詞作定語。3.【解析】第二句:去掉must后的to。must是情態動詞,后須跟動詞原形。4.【解析】第三句:preparing→prepare。howtodosth.如何做某事。5.【解析】第四句:but→and。句意:首先我把西紅柿切成片并把它們放在一邊。cut與put是并列關系。6.【解析】第五句:chopstick→chopsticks。根據常識,中國人用筷子時,一般用一雙,故chopstick要改成復數。7.【解析】第六句:off→on。turnon打開。turnoff關閉。把油倒進鍋里后,應該是打開爐子。8.【解析】第七句:unless→until/till。unless意為“除非”;until或till意為“直到……為止”。句意:我耐心地等到油熱為止。9.【解析】第八句:pan前加the。此處指把打好的雞蛋倒進鍋里面。因上文提到了pan,所以此處為特指,指代上文提到的pan。10.【解析】第九句:us→me。根據上文可知,作者在嘗試做西紅柿炒雞蛋,所以說媽媽想阻止“我”,而不是“我們”。Step4直擊高考·培養思維品質Ⅰ.話題與閱讀理解(2020·全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解D)

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,”explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(發光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.

Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(電源)—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(傳輸).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.【文章大意】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章介紹了科學家運用高科技改造綠色植物從而達到節能減排的科學探索。1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B.Abigfallincrimerates.C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.【解析】選D。段落大意題。根據第一段最后兩句“例如,在俄亥俄州揚斯敦進行的一項研究發現,城市綠化較好的地區犯罪率較低。在另一項研究中發現,員工的工作場所被室內植物裝飾后,他們的工作效率會提高15%。”可知,本段主要介紹綠色植物的益處。故選D。2.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?A.Todetectplants’lackofwater.B.Tochangecompositionsofplants.C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D.Totestchemicalsinplants.【解析】選A。細節理解題。根據第二段第二句“其中包括在葉子上印上傳感器以顯示植物的缺水情況,還可以檢測地下水中的有害化學物質。”可知選A。3.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后一句“發光的植物可以縮短這個距離,從而幫助節約能源。”可知這種發光的植物在將來可能會有助于節約能源。4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?【解析】選C。標題歸納題。文章主要介紹了麻省理工學院的科研團隊的一項研究:利用特殊的裝置讓植物發光來照亮房間或把樹變成會發光的路燈,以此來節約和利用能源。故“發光的植物能代替燈嗎?”為最佳標題。【難句剖析】Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.分析:本句主干為theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnology,其中第一個that引導定語從句,修飾先行詞technology,在從句中作主語;第二個that引導定語從句,修飾先行詞treatment。翻譯:未來,該團隊希望能開發出一種可以一次性噴灑到植物葉子上就能延長植物壽命的技術。【微技能點撥】歸納整合全解主旨大意題主題句定位法:1.主題句在篇頭:依據第一段或第一句確定主旨。2.主題句在篇中:文章往往先列舉次要甚至錯誤觀點,然后點明自己的觀點并展開論述。3.主題句在篇尾:整篇文章大部分在敘述或列舉,最后歸納總結,概括主旨。本文中第1題為歸納段落大意題,根據策略解題如下:Step1確定題干關鍵詞:依據第一段的第一句、第二句即可確定整段主旨,第一段剩下的內容為舉例,進一步印證了該段的主題句。Step2對比選項找最佳:嘗試解答______。

D

【語用提能】話題詞匯scientificresearch,sensor,self-poweredstreetlamps,consume,saveenergy短語theconnectionbetween...and...,beexposedto,conductastudy,bedecoratedwith,beshortof【微語法填空】

(2020·全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解D)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。

Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffectsonthe1.__________(connect)betweenpeopleandplants.Astudy2._________(conduct)inYoungstown,Ohio,discoveredthat3._______(green)areasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.TheengineersattheMIThavetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthem4.__________(perform)diverse,evenunusualfunctions.Oneofthelatest5._______(project)hasbeentomakeplantsgl