書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-山東財經大學東方學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Wesawthecanoe（

）,throwingitspassengersintothewater.

問題1選項

A.prostrate

B.overturn

C.simulate

D.brag

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項prostrate“將……弄倒”；B選項overturn“推翻，傾覆”；C選項simulate“模仿，假裝”；D選項brag“吹牛，吹噓”。根據前面的關鍵詞“canoe獨木舟”，可知“overturn顛覆，傾翻”最符合題意，句意為：我們看見獨木舟翻了，把船上的乘客都掀進水里。故選項B意思與之接近。

2.單選題

Thesegoodsaresoldatreducedprices,（）.

問題1選項

A.thedefectsarepointedouttothecustomers

B.thedefectspointedouttothecustomers

C.thedefectshavebeenpointedouttothecustomers

D.thedefectsbeingpointedouttothecustomers

【答案】D

【解析】考查獨立主格結構。現在分詞短語做狀語，起補充說明的作用。選項A，B，C結構完整，如果放于句中缺少連詞，所以選項D正確。

3.翻譯題

學問是自己的事，不能依靠別人。環境好，圖書設備充足，有良師益友指導啟發，當然有很大的幫助，但是這些條件具備，也不一定能保證一個人在學問上就有成就。世間也有不少在學問上有成就的人，并不具備這些條件。最重要的因素，還是個人自己的努力。求學是一件艱苦的事，許多人不能忍受那必經的艱苦，所以不能得到成功。

【答案】Learningisone'sownbusiness,andonecannotrelyonothers.Obviouslyitwillbeveryhelpfultolearnknowledgeifonehasgoodconditions,suchasgoodenvironment,enoughbooksandequipmentandguidanceandenlightenmentsfromscholarlymentorsandbeneficialfriends.However,eveniftheseconditionsareprovided,itisnotsurethatonewillhavesuccessinlearning.Therearemanypeoplemakingachievementinlearningwithnothoseconditions.Themostimportantfactorinlearningliesintheindividual'sownendeavor.Learningistough,andmanypeoplecannotbearthehardshiptheymustexperience,sothattheycannotachievesuccess.

4.單選題

Manyofyouyoungpersonsoutthereareseriouslythinkingaboutgoingtocollege.(Thatis,ofcourse,alie.Theonlythingsyouyoungpersonsthinkseriouslyaboutareloudmusicandsex.Trustme:thesearecloselyrelatedtocollege).Collegeisbasicallyabunchofroomswhereyousitforroughlytwothousandhoursandtrytomemorizethings.Thetwothousandhoursarespreadoutoverfouryears;youspendtherestofthetimesleepingandtryingtogetdates.

Basically,youlearntwokindsofthingsincollege:

Thingsyouneedtoknowlaterinlife(twohours).Theseincludehowtomakecollecttelephonecallsandgetbeerandcrepe-paperstainsoutofyourpajamas.

Thingsyouwillnotneedtoknowinlaterlife(1,998hours).Thesearethethingsyoulearninclasseswhosenamesendin-ology,-osophy,-istry,-ics,andsoon.Theideaisyoumemorizethesethings,thenwritethemdowninlittleexambooks,thenforgetthem.Ifyoufailtoforgetthem,youbecomeaprofessorandhavetostayincollegefortherestofyourlife.

It’sverydifficulttoforgeteverything.Forexample,whenIwasincollege,Ihadtomemorize—don’taskmewhy—thenamesofthemetaphysicalpoetsotherthanJohnDonne.Ihavemanagedtoforgetoneofthem,butIstillrememberthattheothertwowerenamedVaughanandCrashaw.

Sometimes,whenI’mtryingtoremembersomethingimportant,likewhethermywifetoldmetogettunapackedinoilortunapackedinwater,VaughanandCrashawjustpopupinmymind,rightthereinthesupermarket.It’saterriblewasteofbraincells.

Afteryou’vebeenincollegeforayearorso,you’resupposedtochooseamajor,whichisthesubjectyouintendtomemorizeandforgetthemostthingsabout.Hereisaveryimportantpieceofadvice:besuretochooseamajorthatdoesnotinvolveKnownFactsandRightAnswers.

Thismeansthatyoumustnotmajorinmathematics,physics,biologyorchemistry,becausethesesubjectsinvolveactualfacts.If,forexample,youmajorinmathematics,you’regoingtowanderintoclassonedayandtheprofessorwillsay:“Definethecosineintegerofthequadrantoftherhomboidbinaryaxis,andextrapolateyourresulttofivesignificantvertices.’’Ifyoudon’tcomeupwithexactlytheanswertheprofessorhasinmind,youfail.Thesameistrueofchemistry:ifyouwriteinyourexambookthatcarbonandhydrogencombinetoformoak,yourprofessorwillflunkyou.Hewantsyoutocomeupwiththesameanswerheandalltheotherchemistshaveagreedon.Scientistsareextremelysnottyaboutthis.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatarecloselyrelatedtocollege?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldthecollegestudentslearnincollege?

3.Whenshouldthecollegestudentschooseamajor?

4.Theword“flunk”inthelastparagraphmeans_____.

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Thinkingandstudy.

B.Shoppingandmusic.

C.Musicandsex.

D.Sleepingandthinking.

問題2選項

A.Howtomemorizethingsandtogetdates.

B.Thethingsyouwillneedandnotneedtoknowinlaterlife.

C.Howtoforgeteverythingandtowritepoets.

D.Howtoenhancememoryandstudyability.

問題3選項

A.Themomenttheygotocollege.

B.Aftertheyhavebeenincollegefornearlytwoyears.

C.Aftertheyhavebeenincollegeforayearorso.

D.Whentheybecomeasenior.

問題4選項

A.float

B.fail

C.ridicule

D.dupe

問題5選項

A.TheMythofCollege

B.WhatCanYouLearninCollege

C.HowtoEnjoyYourCollegeLife

D.TheImportanceofCollege

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節理解題。根據文章第一段，“Theonlythingsyouyoungpersonsthinkseriouslyaboutareloudmusicandsex.”，可知作者提出年輕人唯一認真考慮的事情是吵鬧的音樂和性。所以這兩件事與大學密切相關。選項C符合題意。

2.細節理解題。根據文章第二段，“youlearntwokindsofthingsincollege”，第三段第一句，“Thingsyouneedtoknowlaterinlife(twohours).”，以及第四段第一句，“Thingsyouwillnotneedtoknowinlaterlife(1,998hours).”，可知大學生需要做學習的兩件事就是：需要知道的事和不需要知道的事。選項B符合題意。

3.細節理解題。根據第七段第一句，“Afteryou’vebeenincollegeforayearorso,you’resupposedtochooseamajor…”，可知，上大學一年左后，應該選一個專業。選項C符合題意。

4.語義題。“…comeupwithexactlytheanswertheprofessorhasinmind,youfail.Thesameistrueofchemistry…yourprofessorwillflunkyou.”，列舉了兩件類似事情，根據前一句的failure可知，如果你不能在教科書里寫出碳氫結合形成橡樹，你的教授同樣會讓你不及格，所以flunk也是失敗的意思。選項B符合題意。

5.主旨題。縱觀全文，第一段作者介紹了大學里密不可分的事情是音樂和性，第二三四段介紹了在大學中你必須學到了兩件事，所以B和C選項是文章內容的一部分，不夠全面，選項B、C可排除。選項D中大學的重要性文章沒有提及，可排除。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Iwasgreatlydisappointed___thataffair.

問題1選項

A.out

B.in

C.to

D.toward

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。bedisappointedin“對……感到失望”，A選項，C選項以及D選項不和bedisappointed搭配。句意：我對那件事非常失望。因此B選項正確。

6.單選題

Everyoneinterviewedhadbeen（

）tounfairtreatment.

問題1選項

A.subjected

B.adjusted

C.devoted

D.entitled

【答案】A

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。subject“使……隸屬；使屈從于……”；adjust“調整，使……適合”；devote“致力于；奉獻”；entitle“定名為……；使……有權利”。根據后面的unfairtreatment(不公平待遇)可推測空格處應該填入一個帶有貶義的詞，besubjectto是一個固定詞組，意思是“遭受”，選項A符合題意。句意：每個被采訪的人都遭遇過不公平的對待。

7.單選題

Sheistryingto（）himbyphoneasshehassomeveryimportantnewsforhim.

問題1選項

A.touch

B.reach

C.connect

D.attain

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。Touch“接觸，觸摸”；reach“與…..取得聯系”；connect“連接，聯合”；attain“取得，獲得”。句意：她試圖通過電話與他得聯系，因為她有很重要的消息告訴他。選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

Amajorgoaloflaw,todeterpotentialcriminalsbypunishingwrongdoers,isnotservedwhenthepenaltyissoseldominvokedthatitceasestobea（

）threat.

問題1選項

A.serious

B.coercive

C.credible

D.deceptive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。serious“嚴肅的；認真的”；coercive“強制的”；credible“可靠的；可信的”；deceptive“欺詐的；虛偽的”。句意：通過懲罰違法犯罪者來阻止潛在的罪犯是法律的一個主要目的，當法律懲罰很少被實行以至于它不再是一種可信的震懾時，該主要目的就沒有達到。由“Amajorgoalisnotserved目標沒達到”可知C項符合語境。

9.單選題

Toavoidanoilshortage,weshouldadvocatethatmoremachinesmust（

）solarenergyinashorttime,andthismadeothersastonished.

問題1選項

A.accelerate

B.operate

C.generate

D.utilize

【答案】D

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。Accelerate“加速”；operate“運行”；generate“產生”；

Utilize“利用”。句意：為了避免石油不足，我們應該倡導在短時間內機器使用太陽能。這種想法讓其他人感到震驚。選項D符合題意。

10.填空題

Theeffectofallthisonthefoodsituationinthiscountryhasbeenmadeworsebyasimultaneousriseinfoodsprices,duechieflytothegradualcuttingdownofgovernmentsupportforfood.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Cinfoodsprices改為infoodprices

【解析】【考查點】名詞。

【解題思路】C部分的food是統稱，指的是所有食物，為不可數名詞，所以用單數food。

【句意】主要由于政府逐漸減少在食物方面的支持，同時食物價格上漲，該國食物情況惡化。

11.單選題

Whydoesavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineverywayexcept（

）?

問題1選項

A.ingredients

B.components

C.elements

D.compounds

【答案】A

【解析】ingredient成分，配料，原料；component組件，元件；element元素，要素；compound化合物；混合物。句意：為什么素食餐廳的菜除了配料外，其他各個方面都像肉？選項A符合語境。

12.翻譯題

“Backtobusinessasusual”wastherallyingcrytakenupbyNewYorkersayearago,afterterroristsdestroyedtheWorldTradeCenter.Remarkably,asortofnormalityhasreturnedtothecity.Thefirstfewmonthsaftertheattackweredreadful,butthenewyearbroughtnewhope;touristsandbusinessmenstartedtoreturn;thehotelsandBroadwayshowsbegantofillup.Thissummer,thecity’seconomyhasreportedlyresumedgrowthafteradeeprecession.

Evenso,itwouldbewrongtoconcludethatlifehasreturnedtonormal.NewYorkremainsconsumedwithgriefforthethousandsofliveslost,rememberedthisweekincountlessservicesthroughoutthecity一bigandsmall,privateandpublic.Themostmovingwasthereadingofthenamesofeachmurderedindividual,whichcamejustafteroneminute’ssilencewasobservedat8:46a.m.onSeptember11th,theexactanniversaryofthefirstplanehittingthefirsttower.CanNewYorkeverhavebeensoquiet?

TherewasabriefmomentofcollectivepanicaroundMemorialDayinlateMay,afterthefederalgovernmentstartedsharingitsfearsthatterroristsmighttargetcitieswithweaponsofmassivedestructionandtheNewYorkTimesMagazineranacoverstoryexploringwhatmighthappenifanuclearbombwentoffinTimesSquare.Butthisweek’sceremonieshavepushedthesefearsoncemoretotheforefrontofpeople’sminds.

HowcanNewYorkersachievethe“closure”mostofthemyearnforwhentheyknowthatthosewhotooktheirfriendsandcolleaguescouldathandmomentcomebacktoforthem?Therewillbeacollectivesighofreliefoncethisanniversaryweekhasbeen(hopefully)safelynegotiated,butmostNewYorkerswillnotforgetthatwhatmadethecitysuchanattractivetargetayearagocontinuestomakeitthelikeliestfocusforanyfutureattackinAmerica.

Thecity’sboostersclaimthatpeoplewerebondedmorecloselythanevertotheBigApplebythecommunalpullingtogetheroftherecoveryeffort.

Itisdebatablewhetherthiswouldhavehappenediftheterroristshadstruckagain,orhaddonesomoreeffectivelythanwiththefewanthrax-carrying(含有炭疽病毒的)lettersthatwerereceivedlastOctoberfromstill-unknownauthors.Fornow,thelureofNewYorkhaspersuadedmostofitsinhabitantstogamblethatSeptember11thwasaone-off.

Suchcalculationssurelyoverstatetheterrorists’impact,becausetheyassumethattheattackstoppedanascenteconomicup-turninitstracks.ThatgivesinsufficientweighttothedamagethatWallStreetwouldhavesufferedanywayduetothecrisisofinvestorconfidencefollowingthecollapseofEnron,theaccountingscandalsandsoforth.

【答案】五月底的陣亡將士紀念日快到了,大眾感到一陣恐慌,因為聯邦政府像民眾一樣擔心恐怖分子也許會用大規模殺傷性武器襲擊一些城市。紐約《時代》雜志刊登了與封面圖片有關的文章,探討如果核彈在時報廣場爆炸會發生什么樣的情況。

（但愿）周年紀念周安全度過以后,大眾都會松一口氣。但是,大多數紐約人不會忘記,既然紐約一年前成為恐怖襲擊的目標,它以后仍最有可能成為美國受到襲擊的重要目標。

如果恐怖分子再度襲擊,如果襲擊比去年10月從幾位匿名作者那里收到的、含有炭疽病毒的信件更可怕,公眾是否還會如此團結,這一點尚有爭議。

13.單選題

Bythemiddleofthe18thcentury,manydifferentkindsofProtestants（新教徒）livedtoAmerica.AlthoughtheChurchofEnglandwasanestablishedchurchinseveralcolonies,Protestantslivedsidebysideinrelativeharmony.Alreadytheyhadbeguntoinfluenceeachother.TheGreatAwakeningofthe1740s,a“revival”movementwhichsoughttobreathenewfeelingandstrengthintoreligioncutacrossthelinesofProtestantreligiousgroups,ordenominations.

AtthesametimetheworksofJohnLockewerebecomingknowninAmerica.JohnLockereasonedthattherighttogoverncomesfromanagreementor“socialcontract”voluntarilyenteredintobyfreepeople.ThePuritanexperienceinformingcongregationsmadethisideaseemnaturaltomanyAmericans.Takingitoutoftherealmofsocialtheory,theymadeitarealityandformedanation.

ItwaspoliticsandnotreligionthatmostoccupiedAmericans’mindsduringtheWarofIndependenceandforyearsafterward.AfewAmericansweresoinfluencedbythenewscienceandnewideasoftheEnlightenmentinEuropethattheybecamedeists,believingthatreasonteachesthatGodexistsbutleavesmanfreetosettlehisownaffairs.

ManytraditionalProtestantsanddeistscouldagree,however,that,astheDeclarationofIndependencestates，”allmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheircreatorwithcertainunalienablerights,”andthat“thelawsofNatureandNature’sGod”entitledthemtoformanewnation.Amongtherightsthatthenewnationguaranteed,asapoliticalnecessityinareligiouslydiversesociety,wasfreedomofreligion.

TheFirstAmendment（修正案）totheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesforbadenewfederalgovernmenttogivespecialfavorstoanyreligionortohinderthefreepractice,orotherwiseofreligion.TheUnitedStateswouldhavenostate-supportedreligioninthisway,thosemenwhoformulatedtheprincipaltenetsofthenewlyestablishedpoliticalsystemhopedtoinsurethatdiversityofreligionbeliefshouldneverbecomethesourceofsocialorpoliticalinjusticeordisaffection.

TheFirstAmendmentinsuredthatAmericangovernmentwouldnotmeddleinreligiousaffairsorrequireanyreligiousbeliefsofitscitizens.Butdiditmeanthatgovernmentwouldbereligiouslyneutral,treatingallreligionsalike?

Insomeways,thegovernmentsupportsallreligions.ReligiousgroupsdonotpaytaxestotheUnitedStatesPresidentsandotherpoliticalleadersoftencallonGodtoblesstheAmericannationandpeople.Thosewhosereligionforbidsthemtofightcanperformotherservicesinsteadofbecomingsoldiers.Butgovernmentdoesnotpayministerssalariesorrequireanybelief-notevenabeliefinGod-asaconditionofholdingpublicoffice.Oathsareadministered,butthosewho,likeQuakers,objecttothem,canmakeasolemnaffirmation,ordeclaration,instead.

Thetruthisthatforsomepurposesgovernmentignoresreligionandforotherpurposedittreatsallreligionsalikeatleastasfarasispractical.Whendisputesabouttherelationshipbetweengovernmentandreligionarise,Americancourtsmustsettlethem.

1.WhatistheGreatAwakening?

2.WhatcontrolledAmericans’mindsduringtheWarofIndependence?

3.（

）

entitledAmericanstohavethefreedomofreligion.

4.IntheFirstAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,itisstipulatedthat

5.Whichofthefollowingistheproofthatthegovernmentignoresreligioninsomeways?

問題1選項

A.TocutacrossthelinesofProtestantreligiousgroupsordenomination.

B.Arevivalmovementofseekingtobreathenewfeelingandstrengthintoreligion.

C.Tolivesidebysideinrelativeharmony.

D.Tospreadreligiousideatoothercountries.

問題2選項

A.Politics

B.Religion

C.Protestants

D.Church

問題3選項

A.TheFirstAmendment

B.TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates

C.AmericanGovernment

D.TheDeclarationofIndependence

問題4選項

A.thegovernmentcanentitlestate-supportedreligiontoenjoysomespecialrights

B.thegovernmentcannottakeanyactiontolimitthepracticeofanyreligion

C.theUnitedStateswouldhavenonationalreligion

D.thegovernmentwillnotinterveneinthesocialorpoliticalinjustice

問題5選項

A.ReligiousgroupneednotpaytaxesintheUnitesStates.

B.PresidentseldomcallsonGodtoblessAmericaanditspeople

C.Forthosewho,likeQuakers,objecttothem,oathscanbereplacedbyasolemnaffirmationordeclaration.

D.Forthosewhosereligionforbidsthemtofight,performingotherservicescantaketheplaceofbeingsoldiers.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句TheGreatAwakeningofthe1740s,a“revival”movementwhichsoughttobreathenewfeelingandstrengthintoreligioncutacrossthelinesofProtestantreligiousgroups,ordenominations提及“大覺醒運動”是為了為宗教帶來新氣象和新力量，選項B符合題意。

2.文章第三段第一句ItwaspoliticsandnotreligionthatmostoccupiedAmericans’mindsduringtheWarofIndependenceandforyearsafterward提到戰時政治占據了人們的思想，選項A符合題意。

3.文章第四段提及《獨立宣言》（theDeclarationofIndependence）提倡人生而平等，并肯定了人們具有某些不可剝奪的權利，宗教自由就是其中之一。選項D符合題意。

4.文章第五段和第六段提及美國《憲法》《第一修正案》禁止政府樹立官方宗教或阻礙宗教自由，也不允許參與宗教事務和對公民的強加宗教信仰（forbadenewfederalgovernmenttogivespecialfavorstoanyreligionortohinderthefreepractice,orotherwiseofreligion）。選項B符合題意。

5.文章倒數第二段最后一句Oathsareadministered,butthosewho,likeQuakers,objecttothem,canmakeasolemnaffirmation,ordeclaration,instead提到向上帝宣誓并非強制性的，例如貴格派教徒可以用其他方式代替宣誓。選項C符合題意。

14.單選題

Forshortageoffoodandwater,theillegalimmigrants（）downfrom112to58.

問題1選項

A.seized

B.starved

C.calculated

D.split

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項seized“逮住，抓住”；B選項starved“使挨餓，餓死”；C選項calculated“計算”；D選項split“劈開”。句意：由于食物和水的短缺，非法移民數量從112人下降到了58人。根據前半句表述的因為缺少食物和水，可知后半句中非法移民數量減少的原因是挨餓。所以空格處填B選項starved“使挨餓，餓死”合適。因此B選項符合題意。

15.單選題

Heisverymuchlookingforward（）visitingyourcountry.

問題1選項

A.by

B.with

C.to

D.at

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查固定搭配。lookingforwardto“期待，盼望”，句意：他非常期待訪問貴國。因此，C選項符合句意。

16.單選題

TheannouncementthattheSovietUnionhasreachedparitywiththeUnitedStatesinICBM’sdominatedthenewsofrocketsandmissilesthisyear.

問題1選項

A.challenge

B.equality

C.velocity

D.criterion

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.challenge挑戰，艱巨任務B.equality平等，均等

C.velocity（沿某一方向的）速度D.criterion（評判或作決定的）標準，準則

【答案】B

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】parity的意思為“（尤指薪金或地位）平等，相同”，指的是蘇聯和美國在洲際彈道導彈方面的實力相當，equality與之詞義相近，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】在今年有關火箭和導彈的新聞中，蘇聯在洲際彈道導彈方面已與美國勢均力敵是特大新聞。

17.單選題

Cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.

Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.TheU.S.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.

ArecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries.ThestartlingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctorstwoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialistsinagivenyear.Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.

Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes.Regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe’sreimbursed.Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistswhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient’sdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements，physiciansarefaceswithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.

Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.

Medicalstudentsarenotblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedU.Smedicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.Thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.

Howdowefixthisproblem?

Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimallymanagingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.

We’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.Withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionBabyBoomerswillbecomeeligibleforMedicare.Patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.

Whowillbetheretotreatthem?

1.Theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentU.Shealthcaresystemis（

）.

2.Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat（

）.

3.Facedwiththegovernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminatelyprimarycarephysicianshaveto

（

）.

4.Whydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheircareer?

5.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?

問題1選項

A.theinadequatetrainingofphysicians

B.thedecliningnumberofdoctors

C.theshrinkingprimarycareresources

D.theever-risinghealthcarecosts

問題2選項

A.themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecure

B.seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrors

C.visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodhealth

D.themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter

問題3選項

A.increasetheirincomebyworkingovertime

B.improvetheirexpertiseandservice

C.makevariousdealswithspecialists

D.seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality

問題4選項

A.Theyfindtheneedforprimarycaredeclining.

B.Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare.

C.Primarycarephysicianscommandlessrespect.

D.Theythinkworkinginemergencyroomstedious.

問題5選項

A.Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians.

B.Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.

C.Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.

D.Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知作者提出了美國目前初級護理醫師比例的嚴重失衡，造成這一現象的主要原因是薪酬，以及解決的方法，因此C選項“初級保健資源萎縮”符合題意。

第2題:細節事實題。由文章第三段中Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.（與人們普遍的看法相反，醫生照顧你的次數越多，就不能保證更好的護理）可知人們通常認為醫生照顧病人越多，就越好。

第3題:細節事實題。由文章第四段和第五段中physiciansarefaceswithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices（醫生們別無選擇，只能增加數量以增加收入。拒絕妥協質量的初級保健醫師要么被逐出行業，要么從事與一些現金相關的行業）可知D選項“以犧牲質量為代價看更多的病人”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第六段Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.（他們看到了費用返還體制是如何嚴重地弄虛作假，不利于初級護理）可知B選項“現行制度是針對初級護理”符合題意。

第5題:細節事實題。文章倒數第三段提出了解決初級護理的一些措施，包括：改革醫生返還費用制度；減輕初級保健醫生壓力；免除選擇初級護理作為職業的學生貸款；縮小專科醫師與初級護理醫師薪水的差異。因此A選項“縮小專家和初級保健醫生之間的工資差距”符合題意。

18.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.

【答案】我們所遇到的幾乎所有重要問題都涉及到人的行為，而且僅靠物理技術和生物技術是無法解決這些問題的。我們所需要的是一種行為技術，但是可能產生這種技術的科學一直發展緩慢。難題之一在于所謂的行為科學幾乎全都依然從心態、情感、性格、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。物理學和生物學一度模仿類似的做法并且只有當它們拋棄這些做法后才得到發展。行為科學之所以發展緩慢，部分原因是用來解釋行為的依據似乎往往是直接觀察到的，部分原因是其他的解釋方式一直難以找到。

19.單選題

Peoplearelivinglongerthanever,butforsomereason,womenarelivinglongerthanmen.AbabyboybornintheUnitedStatesin2003canexpectstolivetobeabout73,ababygirl,about79.Thisisindeedawidegap,andnoonereallyknowswhyitexists.Thegreaterlongevity（長壽）ofwomen,however,hasbeenknownforcenturies.Itwas,forexample,describedintheseventeenthcentury.However,thedifferencewassmallerthan—thegapisgrowing.

Anumberofreasonshavebeenproposedtoaccountsforthedifferences.Thegapisgreatestinindustrializedsocieties,soithasbeensuggestedthatwomenarelesssusceptibletoworkstrainsthatmayraisetheriskofheartdiseaseandalcoholism.Sociologistsalsotellusthatwomenareencouragedtobelessadventurousthanmen（andthismaybewhytheyaremorecarefuldrivers,involvedinfeweraccidents）.

Evensmokinghasbeenimplicatedintheagediscrepancy.Itwasoncesuggestedthatworkingwomenaremorelikelytosmokeandasmorewomenenteredtheworkforce,theagegapwouldbegintoclose,becausesmokingisrelatedtoearlierdeaths.Now,however,weseemorewomensmokingandtheystilltendtolivelongeralthoughtheirlungcancerrateisclimbingsharply.

Onepuzzlingaspectoftheproblemisthatwomendonotappeartobeashealthyasmen.Thatis,theyreportfarmoreillnesses.Butwhenamanreportsanillness,itismorelikelytobeserious.

Someresearchershavesuggestedthatmenmaydieearlybecausetheirhealthismorestronglyrelatedtotheiremotions.Forexample,mentendtodiesoonerafterlosingaspousethanwomendo.Menevenseemtobemoreweakenedbylossofajob.（Bothofthesearelinkedwithamarkeddecreaseintheeffectivenessoftheimmunesystem.）Amongmen,deathfollowsretirementwithanalarmingpromptness.

Perhapswearesearchingfortheanswerstooclosetothesurfaceoftheproblem.Perhapstheanswersliedeeperinourbiologicalheritage.Afterall,thephenomenonisnotisolatedtohumans.Femaleshavetheedgeamongvirtuallyallmammalian（哺乳動物的）species,inthattheygenerallylivelonger.Furthermore,inmanyofthesespeciesthedifferencesbeginatthemomentofconception;therearemoremalemiscarriages（流產）.Inhuman,afterbirth,morebabyboysthanbabygirlsdie.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

3.AsissuggestedinParagraph2,thetwofactorsrelevanttowomen’slongerlifespanare（）.

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingphenomenamakesresearcherspuzzled?

6.Theword“edge”inParagraph6means“（）”.

7.AccordingtoParagraph6,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

8.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Womendidnotlivelonger