書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大慶職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreateanexcessiveamountofanxietyorstressforyoungathletes.Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.

Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingissomewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowtocooperatewithothers,makefriends,andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.

Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday’syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagamemanyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters’performances.Positivereinforcementshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.

1.Aneffectivewaytopreventtheburnoutofyoungathletesis（）.

2.Accordingtothepassagesportispositiveforyoungpeopleinthat（）.

3.Manycoachesandparentsareinthehabitofcriticizingyoungathletes（）.

4.Accordingtothepassageparentsandcoachesshould（）.

5.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageis（）.

問題1選項

A.toreducetheirmentalstress

B.toincreasetheirsenseofsuccess

C.tomakesportslesscompetitive

D.tomakesportsmorechallenging

問題2選項

A.itcanhelpthemlearnmoreaboutsociety

B.itenablesthemtofindflawsinthemselves

C.itcanprovidethemwithvaluableexperiences

D.itteachesthemhowtosetrealisticgoalsforthemselves

問題3選項

A.believingthatcriticismisbeneficialfortheirearlydevelopment

B.withoutrealizingcriticismmaydestroytheirselfconfidence

C.soastomakethemrememberlife’slessons

D.soastoputmorepressureonthem

問題4選項

A.paymoreattentiontolettingchildrenenjoysports

B.helpchildrentowineverygame

C.trainchildrentocopewithstress

D.enablechildrentounderstandthepositiveaspectofsports

問題5選項

A.toteachyoungathleteshowtoavoidburnout

B.topersuadeyoungchildrennottoworryaboutcriticism

C.tostresstheimportanceofpositivereinforcementtochildren

D.todiscusstheskillofcombiningcriticismwithencouragement

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第一段的第三句話Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.（壓力可以是身體上的、情感上的，也可以是心理上的。研究表明，壓力會導致倦怠。）可以看出stress導致burnout，那么防止burnout的有效方法應該是減少stress，因此A選項“減輕他們的精神壓力”正確。sports本身具有競爭性、挑戰(zhàn)性，不在于多或少，問題是怎樣看勝負，所以C選項“降低體育運動的競爭性”和D選項“使運動更具挑戰(zhàn)性”兩項應排除。B項“提高他們獲得成功的意識”正是作者不贊成的。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位到第二段第二句話Thesportsettingissomewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace（體育活動能為年輕人提供極其有價值的一生都有用的人生經(jīng)歷。）因此C選項“它可以為他們提供寶貴的經(jīng)歷”正確。A選項“它可以幫助他們更多地了解社會”定位到第二段andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives（并獲得將終生使用的其他社交技能），可以看出文章只說了可以學到社交技能，而不是更多的了解社會；B選項“它能讓他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的缺點”定位到第二段Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.（年輕人可能會把父母和教練的批評放在心上，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的缺點。）但是這個并不是題干所問的“運動的積極影響”；D選項“它教會他們如何為自己設定現(xiàn)實的目標”，這是文章中沒有提及的。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.（教練和父母應該時刻意識到，他們對青少年的反饋會極大地影響他們的孩子。年輕人可能會把父母和教練的批評放在心上，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的缺點。）因此換句話說就是B選項“沒有意識到批評可能會摧毀他們的自信”正確。A選項“相信批評對他們的早期發(fā)展是有益的”；C選項“讓他們記住生活的教訓”；D選項“為了給他們更多的壓力”這三個都不是作者認為教練和家長平常所認為的。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第三段開頭Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.（教練和家長也應該小心，不要讓青少年參與體育運動成為孩子們的工作。）意思是體育運動不是孩子的工作或任務，重在參與，比賽結果并不重要，更重要的是通過參與增加人生閱歷。因此A選項“更加注重讓孩子們享受運動”正確。B選項“幫助孩子贏得每一場比賽”；C選項“訓練孩子學會處理壓力”以及D選項“使孩子們了解運動的積極方面”這都是文章中沒有提及的。

5.主旨大意題。通過第一段Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.（壓力可以是身體上的、情感上的，也可以是心理上的。研究表明，壓力會導致倦怠。）第二段的Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.（教練和父母應該時刻意識到，他們對青少年的反饋會極大地影響他們的孩子。年輕人可能會把父母和教練的批評放在心上，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的缺點。）以及第三段的Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.（研究表明，積極的強化比批評更能激勵學習，對學習有更大的影響。再次強調，批評會造成高度的壓力，從而導致倦怠。）可以看出來，作者寫該文目的是告訴人們批評會給孩子造成各方面負擔和壓力，積極鼓勵才會對孩子的成長有益，因此C選項“強調積極鼓勵對孩子成長的重要性”正確。A選項“教導年輕運動員如何避免精疲力竭”不是文章重點；B選項“說服孩子不要擔心批評”不符合作者的想法；以及D選項“討論批評與鼓勵相結合的技巧”這也不是作者所倡導的。

2.單選題

Theplacedidnotappeartobepopular,foritwascompletelydeserted,andinanycase（

）totraffic.

問題1選項

A.inadequate

B.incompatible

C.inaccessible

D.insignificant

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。inadequate“不充分的”；incompatible“不相容的”；insignificant“不重要的”；inaccessible“不可到達的”；beinaccessibleto“無法到達的”。句意：這個地方看上去不受歡迎，因為它完全被遺棄且車輛無論如何也無法進入。由completelydeserted可知車輛無法進入，答案C

3.單選題

Bridesareincreasinglyshunningsummerweddingsandgettingmarriedduringwinter______tocutcostsamidtheeconomicgloom,figuressuggest.

問題1選項

A.insteadof

B.otherwise

C.instead

D.ratherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。空格處詞語需要修飾后面動詞不定式，詞性限制為副詞。insteadof“代替；而不是”是介詞短語，A選項排除；otherwise“否則；另外”；instead“代替；相反”；ratherthan“而不是”。句意：數(shù)據(jù)顯示，為了在經(jīng)濟低迷時期削減成本，越來越多的新娘避開夏季婚禮……在冬季結婚。因此選項C符合題意。

4.單選題

"DidHannasayanythingaboutmeinherletter?”

“Onlythatshe'dappreciate（）fromyou?

問題1選項

A.tohear

B.hearing

C.tohearing

D.tohaveheard

【答案】B

【解析】句意:“Hana在信中有提及我嗎？”

“只說她很感謝收到你的信嗎？”

考查固定搭配。appreciatedoingsth.感謝（某人）做某事。

5.單選題

Ifweacquiesce,we’llbeborrowing（）forthefuture.

問題1選項

A.pit

B.trouble

C.pitfall

D.storm

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項pit“礦井，深坑，陷阱”；B選項trouble“麻煩，煩惱，故障，動亂”；C選項pitfall“陷阱，圈套，缺陷，誘惑”；D選項storm“暴風雨，大動蕩”。句意：如果我們默許，那么我們將在未來陷入到借貸麻煩中。因此B選項正確。

6.單選題

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis（

）producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

問題1選項

A.absorption

B.dissemination

C.assimilation

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。absorption“吸收”；dissemination“宣傳”；assimilation“同化”；interaction“相互作用”。句意：水從固體變成液體需要吸入周圍所有物質的熱量，這一吸收過程產生的低溫。選項A符合題意。

7.翻譯題

Inthelate1960sintegratedcircuit,tinytransistorsandotherelectricalcomponentsarrangedonasinglechipofsilicon(硅),replacedindividualtransistorsincomputers.Integratedcircuitsbecameminiaturized(使小型化),enablingmorecomponentstobedesignedintoasinglecomputercircuit.

【答案】20世紀60年代末，安裝在一塊硅片上的集成電路、微型晶體管和其他電子元件取代了計算機中的單個晶體管。集成電路小型化使人們將更多組件設計成一個單一的計算機電路。

8.寫作題

Writea100—120-wordsummaryofthearticleinquestion3.

【答案】Theso-calledNashequilibriumpredictsthattheoptimalleveloftrustiszeroineconomictransactionsbetweenstrangers.Actually,thisisnottrue.AbouthalfofPlayer1ssendsomemoney,andthree-quartersofPlayer2swhoreceiveitsendsomeback.Sothereishigherleveloftrustbetweenthem.Similarily,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.Trustisoneofthemostpowerfulfactorsaffectingacountry’seconomichealth.Trustlevelsdiffergreatlybetweennations,sopolicy-makersinthesecountrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%mightbeurgentlyinterestedinmechanismsthatenablethemtoraisenationaltrustlevels.

9.單選題

Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.SirIsaacNewtonsupposedlydiscoveredgravitythroughthefallofanapple.Appleshadbeenfallinginmanyplacesforcenturiesandthousandsofpeoplehadseenthemfall.ButNewtonforyearshadbeencuriousaboutthecauseoftheorbitalmotionofthemoonandplanets.Whatkepttheminplace?Whydidn’ttheyfalloutofthesky?Thefactthattheapplefelldowntowardtheearthandnotupintothetreeansweredthequestionhehadbeenaskinghimselfaboutthoselargerfruitsoftheheavens,themoonandtheplanets.

Howmanymenwouldhaveconsideredthepossibilityofanapplefallingupintothetree?Newtondidbecausehewasnottryingtopredictanything.Hewasjustwondering.Hismindwasreadyfortheunpredictable.Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethings,youdon’thaveresearch.Scientiststendtoforgetthiswhenwritingtheircutanddriedreportsforthetechnicaljournalsbuthistoryisfilledwithexamplesofit.

Intalkingtosomescientists,particularlyyoungerones,youmightgathertheimpressionthattheyfindthe“scientificmethod”asubstituteforimaginativethought.I’veattendedresearchconferenceswhereascientisthasbeenaskedwhathethinksabouttheadvisabilityofcontinuingacertainexperiment.Thescientisthasfrowned,lookedatthegraphs,andsaid“thedataarestillinconclusive.”“Weknowthat,”themenfromthebudgetofficehavesaid,“butwhatdoyouthink?Isitworthwhilegoingon?Whatdoyouthinkwemightexpect?”Thescientisthasbeenshockedathavingevenbeenaskedtospeculate.

Whatthisamountsto,ofcourse,isthatthescientisthasbecomethevictimofhisownwritings.Hehasputforwardunquestionedclaimssoconsistentlythathenotonlybelievesthemhimself,buthasconvincedindustrialandbusinessmanagementthattheyaretrue.Ifexperimentsareplannedandcarriedoutaccordingtoplanasfaithfullyasthereportsinthesciencejournalsindicate,thenitisperfectlylogicalformanagementtoexpectresearchtoproduceresultsmeasurableindollarsandcents.Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeepingoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.Nor,ifregularityandconformitytoastandardpatternareasdesirabletothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe“oddballs”amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho“workwellwiththeteam.”

1.TheauthorwantstoprovewiththeexampleofIsaacNewtonthat（）.

2.Theauthorassertsthatscientists（）.

3.Itseemsthatsomeyoungscientists（）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthattheresultsofscientificresearch（）.

問題1選項

A.inquiringmindsaremoreimportantthanscientificexperiments

B.scienceadvanceswhenfruitfulresearchersareconducted

C.scientistsseldomforgettheessentialnatureofresearch

D.unpredictabilityweighslessthanpredictioninscientificresearch

問題2選項

A.shouldn’treplace“scientificmethod”withimaginativethought

B.shouldn’tneglecttospeculateonunpredictablethings

C.shouldwritemoreconcisereportsfortechnicaljournals

D.shouldbeconfidentabouttheirresearchfindings

問題3選項

A.haveakeeninterestin

B.oftenspeculateonthefutureprediction

C.thinkhighlyofcreativethinking

D.stickto“scientificmethod”

問題4選項

A.maynotbeasprofitableastheyareexpected

B.canbemeasuredindollarsandcents

C.relyonconformitytoastandardpattern

D.aremostlyunderestimatedbymanagement

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.”，可知在實踐中，科學與其說依賴于它所準備的實驗，不如說依賴于人對實驗的思考。下文就用牛頓發(fā)現(xiàn)地心引力的例子證明了這一觀點。可判斷出作者想用艾薩克?牛頓的例子來證明求知的思維比科學實驗更重要。選項A符合題意。

2.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethings,youdon’thaveresearch.”，可知不可預測性是研究的本質之一。如果你沒有不可預測的東西，你就沒有研究。可判斷出作者堅信科學家不應忽視對不可預測的事情進行推測。選項B符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Intalkingtosomescientists,particularlyyoungerones,youmightgathertheimpressionthattheyfindthe“scientificmethod”asubstituteforimaginativethought.”，可知在與一些科學家，尤其是年輕的科學家交談時，你可能會得到這樣的印象：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)科學方法可以代替富有想象力的思維。可判斷出一些年輕的科學家似乎會堅持使用科學方法而不是富有想象力的思維。選項D符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Ifexperimentsareplannedandcarriedoutaccordingtoplanasfaithfullyasthereportsinthesciencejournalsindicate,thenitisperfectlylogicalformanagementtoexpectresearchtoproduceresultsmeasurableindollarsandcents.”，可知如果實驗是像科學雜志上的報告所表明的那樣，如實地按照計劃進行規(guī)劃和實施，那么管理層期望研究能產生相應的利益是完全合乎邏輯的。但是有時候科學實驗的結果不會驗證預測，并不像期望中的那么有利可圖。選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

Grandmaalwayspaidattentiontotheneeds,wishesandfeelingsofthosearoundher.Shewasthemost（

）womanI’veeverknown.

問題1選項

A.artificial

B.merry

C.considerate

D.brilliant

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。artificial人造的；merry愉快的；considerate體貼的，考慮周到的；brilliant杰出的。句意：奶奶總是關注身邊人的需求、愿望和感受。她是我所認識的最體貼的女人。選項C符合語境。

11.翻譯題

AsFordMotor’sboardofdirectorsgatheredtoholditsquarterlymeetingThursday,speculationwasgrowingthattheworld’sNO.2automakerwaspreparedtoacquiretheautomotiveoperationsofSweden’sVolvo.1.MergerspeculationthathasbeenwidespreadthroughouttheindustryformonthshasfocusedonapossibleVolvo-FordlinkupsinceareportlastweekthatVolvohadhiredaWallStreetinvestmentbanktoexploreapossiblesale.

Ford’sboardmeetingwastobeheldinDearborn,theDetroitsuburbwhereFordisheadquartered.ChiefspokesmanVaughnKoshkariandeclinedtocommentontheagendaortheVolvorumors.PresidentJacNasser,speakingatanindustryconferenceTuesdaynight,alsodeclinedtosaywhereFordwasnegotiatingwithVolvo.ButNasseragainsaidFordwasopentousingitsmorethan$20billioncashreservetoexpandthecompany’sglobalreach.

2.Lastyear’sacquisitionofChryslerbyDaimler-Benzledtoaflurryoftalksamongautomakerslookingtostrengthentheirpositioninanindustrybesetwithtoomuchproductioncapacityworldwide.Theconventionalwisdomisthatsmallerautomakerswillbeill-equippedtocompeteinthe21stcenturyastheindustrybecomesdominatedbyseveralinternationalautomakers.

Volvo,oneoftheworld’ssmallerautomakers,produceslessthan500,000vehiclesannually.Lastyearitsold100,227carsintheUnitedStates,oneofitslargestmarkets.3.Fordreportedlyhasbeencourtingdebt-ladenNissanMotoraswell,andturneddownanofferlastmonthfora20%shareintheJapaneseautomaker.FordalsolostinbiddinglatelastyearforfinanciallytroubledKiaMotorsofKorea.

4.AnalystssayFordandVolvoareabetterfit.“TheVolvothingismorepracticalthananythingelse,”saidanalystDavidHealyofBurnhamSecurities.“Ford,whichisbecominggoodatcost-effectivelydevelopingavarietyofverydifferentcarswiththesamebasicchassisandmajorparts,couldhelpVolvoexpanditsproductline,”Girskysaid.5.“IfyoucouldbringoutsmallercarsundertheVolvebrand,youcouldcommandapremiumprice,”hesaid,“FordhassimilarlyexpandedJaguar’svehiclelinesinceitboughttheBritishLuxuryautomakerin1989.”

【答案】1.幾個月來業(yè)內一直存在關于公司合并的猜測，自從上周有報道稱，沃爾沃（Volvo）聘請了華爾街一家投資銀行來探討出售沃爾沃的可能性以來，這種猜測集中在沃爾沃可能與福特（Ford）合并。

2.去年戴姆勒-奔馳（Daimler-Benz）收購克萊斯勒（Chrysler）的事件，引發(fā)了汽車制造商之間的一連串的談判，這些制造商希望加強自己在這個全球產能過剩的行業(yè)中的地位。

3.據(jù)報道，福特也一直在向負債累累的日產汽車（NissanMotor）示好，并且上個月拒絕了收購這家日本汽車公司20%股份的要約。

4.分析人士表示福特跟沃爾沃更合適。伯納姆證券公司的分析師DavidHealy說“跟沃爾沃的這件事比其他任何事情都更實際。”

5.“如果你（福特）能推出沃爾沃品牌下的小型車，你就能獲得更高的價格，”他說，“福特1989年收購了英國豪華汽車制造商捷豹（Jaguar）后，同樣也擴大了捷豹的產品線。”

12.單選題

Livinginclose______toone’sneighborscanbecozyandcomforting,butlivingontopofoneanothercanbesuffocating.

問題1選項

A.homogeneity

B.proximity

C.lingering

D.access

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項homogeneity“同質，同種”，B項proximity“接近”，C項lingering“拖延的，遲遲不結束的”，D項access“通道，進入，機會”。根據(jù)but可知，前后句子為轉折，由后面的butlivingontopofoneanothercanbesuffocating（但是住在一個鄰居的上面可能會令人窒息）對比可知，前面空格處應該表示“住在鄰居隔壁”，B項符合。句意：住得離鄰居很近是很舒適的，但是住在一個鄰居的上面可能會令人窒息。因此，該題選擇B項。

13.單選題

Bybeingover-zealouswithfoodrestriction,thedieterinadvertentlymakesabingeonforbiddenfoodsfarmorelikelyandyoumayaswellforgettheideaofbanningthings.

問題1選項

A.mayproperly

B.hadbetter

C.shouldsurely

D.mayprobably

【答案】B

【解析】A選項mayproperly“適當?shù)亍保籅選項hadbetter“最好”；C選項shouldsurely“應該”；D選項mayprobably“也許可能”。句意：過度熱衷于限制食物，節(jié)食者很可能會無意中暴飲暴食，你最好還是忘記禁食的想法。結合此處關鍵詞mayaswell“最好”，得知B為正確答案。

14.單選題

Thesubwaysandbusestendtobe___duringtherushhours.

問題1選項

A.overcrowded

B.overwhelmed

C.overshadowed

D.overgrown

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項overcrowded“過度擁擠的”；B選項overwhelmed“被壓倒的，被淹沒的；受寵若驚的，不知所措的”；C選項overshadowed“使失色；使蒙上陰影；遮陰；比……更顯眼”；D選項overgrown“蔓生的；生長過快的”。句意：地鐵和公共汽車在高峰時間往往___。本句表達“在高峰期間過度擁擠”。因此A選項正確。

15.單選題

Mary（）thedocumentcarefullytomakesurethattherewerenoerrorsinit.

問題1選項

A.scrutinized

B.overlooked

C.skipped

D.disregarded

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。scrutinized詳細檢查；overlooked忽略、檢查；skipped跳讀；disregarded忽視。句意：瑪麗仔細檢查了文件以確保沒有錯誤。選項A符合句意。

16.單選題

HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14lhcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wereshroudedinmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago,workingasminstrelsandmercenaries,metal-smithsandservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies.Aclansystem,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmadethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivistsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor“man”.ButonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.

InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctivebrightclothes,tospeaktheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,ortoplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery,itwasn’tuntilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheelsremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenhavebeensterilized,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptiontonon-Gypsyfamilies.

ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadistinctethnicgroupandtheirnumbershaveburgeoned.Todaythereareanestimated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,makingthemthecontinent’slargestminority.Theexactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshaveregularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanxioustodownplaytheirprofileandbyGypsiesthemselves,seekingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtoremedypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.HundredsofthousandsmorehaveemigratedtotheAmericasandelsewhere.WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown-unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan”saidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,“iswheremytwofeetstand.”

1.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey（

）.

2.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandtheJewsliesintheirconceptsof（

）.

問題1選項

A.areengagedintraditionalcrafts

B.callthemselvesRoma

C.liveunderaclansystem

D.faceexternalthreats

問題2選項

A.theEgyptians

B.thestate

C.thechurch

D.theNazis

問題3選項

A.language

B.culture

C.identity

D.custom

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。題干“Gypsiesareunitedonlywhen”提供了重要信息，表明吉普賽人平時是并不會聯(lián)合在一起，是個分散的民族。第一段倒數(shù)第三句中說到“onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies只有在面對來自非吉普賽人的敵意時才真正團結起來”，由此可知使吉普賽人團結起來的是外人的敵意。因此D選項“面對外部威脅”符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。本題需要從歐洲對吉普賽人的種種迫害行為中作排除法。第二段提到“withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism教會在他們的算命中看到異端邪說，國家在他們的游牧中看到反社會行為”以及“InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria在更近的時期，吉普賽人陷入了納粹種族狂熱中”。因此教會、國家和納粹都對吉普賽人進行了迫害，A選項“埃及人”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。本題需要找出吉普賽人與猶太人的區(qū)別。最后一段最后兩居中說到了兩個種族的比較“WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown-unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.除了極少數(shù)的例外，吉普賽人并沒有表現(xiàn)出想要一個國家成為自己國家的強烈愿望——不像猶太人，吉普賽人的經(jīng)歷經(jīng)常被拿來與猶太人作比較。”可知吉普賽人與猶太人的最大區(qū)別在于建立國家的愿望是否強烈，吉普賽人對自己身份的認同性不如猶太人高。C選項正確。

17.單選題

Relieforganizationshavecontributed（

）moneytofamineinAfrica.

問題1選項

A.bothtimeand

B.timebut

C.neithertimeand

D.neithertimenor

【答案】A

【解析】考查連接詞的用法。句意：救援組織為非洲的饑荒出錢出力。選項A符合題意。

18.單選題

Youshouldhaveputthemilkintotheicebox,Iexpectit______undrinkable.

問題1選項

A.became

B.hadbecome

C.hasbecome

D.becomes

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.became成為了B.hadbecome已經(jīng)成為

C.hasbecome成為D.becomes成為

【考查點】時態(tài)。

【解題思路】根據(jù)shouldhavedone可知，此處是虛擬語氣，表示本應該做卻沒做，而牛奶已經(jīng)變質不能喝了，是過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響，所以空格處用現(xiàn)在完成時，故該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D項時態(tài)不符合。

【句意】你本應該把牛奶放進冰箱的，我想它已經(jīng)不能喝了。

19.單選題

It’snoteasytofindasolutiontothecountry’slabor（

）.

問題1選項

A.decline

B.vacancy

C.rarity

D.shortage

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項decline“下降，衰退”；B選項vacancy“空缺”；C選項rarity“罕見，珍貴”；D選項shortage“短缺”。句意：要找到解決國家勞動力短缺的辦法并不容易。選項D符合句意。

20.單選題

Whilesomeofficejobswouldseem（）tomanypeople,therearequiteafewjobsthatarestimulating,excitingandsatisfying.

問題1選項

A.hostile

B.tedious

C.fantastic

D.courageous

【答案】B

【解析】hostile敵對的,充滿敵意的；tedious單調乏味的；fantastic極好的；courageous勇敢的。根據(jù)句意可知,填空處應該是和下文提到的刺激,令人興奮和令人滿意相反意義的詞。所以選項B符合句意。

21.單選題

Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcentury(asitarosebefore,inageswhichweliketocalldark)apronouncedanti-intellectualism,afeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvain,butalsosomehowuntrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythisfeelingthereislittleuseinarguing,eitherforhistoryorliterature,orforpoetryormusic,orfortheartsingeneral.

Withothers,thereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbegroundedinaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthissoughtthroughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonlyworthwhile;itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.

Thestudyandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyone;alltheartsandsciencesaresuchapproaches.Allhavetheirplaces;allaregood;andeachtouchestheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutions,afflictedbymentalarteriosclerosis,thateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionareattributedentirelytothehistorians,thesocialscientists,orthephysicalscientists.IsPepys’Diary(aliterarywork)historyorsociologyorliterature?Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistoriansfoundthatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom’sCabin,TenNightsinaBarRoomandTheCrisis(allliteraryworks)havethemselveshelpedtomakehistory.

Evenatthemoment,whenscientificinvestigationbecomesmoreandmorespecializedandthehistorianconcentratesmoreandmorefiercelyonperiodsandepisodes,itisbecomingclearertothelaymanthatallthisispartofonewhole.Evenatatimewhentextbooksarebeingwrittentointroducetothetheoreticalphysicisthisbrethrenwhoareworkingaschemistsorengineersonperhapsthesameproblem,thelaymanisfarenoughremovedfromallthisspecializationtoseethewhole,possiblyevenmoreclearlythandothespecialists.Betweenhistory,biography,theartsandsciences,andevenjournalism,whocoulddrawairtightdistinctions?Notlaymen.Isnotyesterday’snewspaperhistory,andmayitnotbecomeliterature?

1.TheauthorsuggestthatthetwentiethcenturyresemblestheDarkAgesbecauseof____.

2.Pepys’Diaryshouldbeconsideredas____.

3.Whoismostlikelytorecognizetheunderlyingunityofdiversefacts?

4.Whatismostnecessaryinaperiodofgreatspecialization?

5.Themainintentofthisarticleseemstobethe____.

問題1選項

A.anignoranceofscience

B.anappreciationofintellectualendeavors

C.disregardofintellectualendeavors

D.adevotionsolelytothepursuitofhappiness

問題2選項

A.beingstrictlysociological

B.havingdistinctiveliteraryvalues

C.havingonlyonehistoricalimplication

D.havingmultipleimplications

問題3選項

A.Theintellectual.

B.Thehistorian.

C.Thescientist.

D.Thelayman.

問題4選項

A.Seeinghowpartsformawhole.

B.Seeingthewholeasaresultofitsparts.

C.Absoluteconcentrationonminutedetails.

D.Journalisticaccounts.

問題5選項

A.classificationofcertainliteraryworks

B.dissolutionofstrictclassification

C.formationofanewnomenclature

D.appraisalandclassificationofhistory

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

TheauthorsuggestthatthetwentiethcenturyresemblestheDarkAgesbecauseof____.作者認為二十世紀類似于黑暗時代是因為____。

A.anignoranceofscienceA.對科學的無知

B.anappreciationofintellectualendeavorsB.對智力活動的欣賞

C.disregardofintellectualendeavorsC.對智力活動的漠視

D.adevotionsolelytothepursuitofhappinessD.一心一意追求幸福

【答案】C

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關鍵詞thetwentiethcenturyresemblestheDarkAges定位到原文第一段第一句，該句提到“在二十世紀出現(xiàn)了一種明顯的反智主義（就像它之前出現(xiàn)的那樣，在我們喜歡稱之為黑暗的時代），認為各類研究和文學（studiesandliterature）不僅是徒勞的，而且在某種程度上不值得信任。”由此可知，作者認為二十世紀類似于黑暗時代，是因為這兩個時代都出現(xiàn)了一種反智主義，認為各類研究和文學都是無用的、不值得信任的。各類研究和文學都屬于智力活動，因此，C選項“對智力活動的漠視”最符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“對科學的無知”，不僅僅是科學，還有文學藝術，該選項屬于以偏概全；

B選項“對智力活動的欣賞”，與原文表達的意思相反，該選項屬于反向干擾；

D選項“一心一意追求幸福”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項釋義】

Pepys’Diaryshouldbeconsideredas