書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-嘉應學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

______evidenceofheliumsawitasabrightyellowlineinspectroscopestheyaimedatthesun.

問題1選項

A.Thefirstpeoplewhosaw

B.Thefirstpeoplesaw

C.Thefirstpeoplewhohaveseen

D.Thefirstpeoplehadseen

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。Thefirstpeople是先行詞，在定語從句中作主語，因此who不能省略，故排除B和D，C項用的現在完成時，表示從過去到現在，時態不符，看到“evidenceofhelium”是發生在過去，與后面“aimedat”過去時保持一致，用see的一般過去式即可，句意：最早看到氨跡象的人們還以為是分光鏡里面的一條明亮的黃線，當時他們正用分光鏡對準太陽，因此A正確。

2.單選題

Theinsectthat______afinemistneatlyandquicklycannotbesimplypouredintoabottle.

問題1選項

A.spurs

B.sprays

C.squashes

D.spreads

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項spurs“鞭策；促進；策馬前進；緊貼主干剪短”；B選項sprays“噴；掃射”；C選項squashes“把……壓扁；擠進，塞入；壓制，抑制；打斷，制止；去除，粉碎；斷然拒絕；把……鎮住，使無言以對”；D選項spreads“傳播；伸展；散布；展開；鋪開”。句意：這種可快速均勻地噴灑成細霧的驅蟲劑并非是簡單地注入瓶中的。因此B選項正確。

3.論述題

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark’'Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass"Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainwhatyouwilldotomakeyourlifemoremeaningful.Youshouldwriteatleast200words.PutyouressayonAnswerSheet.PartICloze

【答案】略

4.單選題

Theeffort____skepticismfrompsychologistswhofinditfrivolous.

問題1選項

A.protests

B.proposes

C.probates

D.provokes

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.protests抗議B.proposes建議

C.probates核實遺囑D.provokes引起

【答案】D

【考查點】動賓搭配

【解題思路】空格處所填動詞搭配的賓語為“心理學家的懷疑”，只有D選項provokes“引起”可以與之搭配。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項與賓語“心理學家的懷疑”搭配不當。

【句意】這種努力引起了心理學家的懷疑，他們認為這種努力毫無意義。

5.單選題

Lastweekthefinancialmanageraskedfora（）toBeijingbranch,whichwasjustsetupthreemonthsago.

問題1選項

A.transfer

B.transmission

C.transformation

D.transport

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項transfer“（地點的）轉移，（工作的）調動”；B選項transmission“傳遞，傳送；播送”；C選項transformation“轉化，轉換”；D選項transport“運輸”。根據句意“上個星期財務部經理申請轉去三個月前剛成立的北京分公司”，本句表示工作上的調動，句中whichwasjustsetupthreemonthsago作非限制性定語從句，修飾Beijingbranch,因此A選項正確。

6.單選題

Ifthework-forcerespectedyou,youwouldn’tneedto（）yourauthoritysooften.

問題1選項

A.affirm

B.restrain

C.assert

D.maintain

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查動詞辨析題。affirm“斷言；肯定”；restrain“抑制”；assert“聲稱；堅持；維護”；maintain“保持”，根據respected“尊重”可知此處對應的是“維護權威”，表示維護權威或者捍衛權威是要用動詞assert，故正確答案為選項C。句意為：如果工人們尊重你，你就不需要總是維護你的權威。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingChineseintoEnglish.

對于希望利用中國大量廉價勞動力的國內外企業來說，多年來，中國沿海制造業中心一直是生產基地的上上之選。然而，自今年5月份以來，中國境內勞資爭端明顯增多，加之人民幣走強以及政府采取行動遏制污染和產能過剩，表明這種低成本的生產模式己不再穩固。

【答案】Overtheyears,China’scoastalmanufacturingcenterhasalwaysbeenthebestchoiceforproductionbasesforenterprisesathomeorabroadwhowanttotakeadvantageofthelargenumberofChinesecheaplabors.However,sinceMaythisyear,thesignificantincreaseofindustrialdisputes,theappreciationofRMBaswellastheactionsadaptedbygovernmentsinordertocurbpollutionandexcesscapacityshowthatthiskindofproductionpatterninlowcostisnolongerstable.

8.單選題

Mymothercamehereonlyfora______stay.ShewouldflytoLosAngelesthenextday.

問題1選項

A.premature

B.transient

C.shortened

D.prolonged

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項premature“草率的；提早的”；B選項transient“短暫的”；C選項shortened“縮短的”；D選項prolonged“長期的”。句意：我母親來這里______停留。第二天她將飛往洛杉磯。根據第二天就要走，可知這里指的是短暫停留，B選項transient“短暫的”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

9.單選題

Ifyouholdontoawinningattitude,you’llmakeagreatereffortandalsocreatepositivemomentum.

問題1選項

A.influence

B.strength

C.outlook

D.consequence

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。momentum表示“動量，動力”；A項influence“影響”，B項strength“力量，力氣”，C項outlook“展望，態度，觀點”，D項consequence“結果”。句意：如果你堅持一種必勝的態度，你就會做出更大的努力，也會創造積極的勢頭。根據句意可知B項正確。

10.單選題

Doctorsareresearchingthehealthbenefitsofredwine,specificallytheapparentlywondrouspowersofresveratrol,apolyphenolthatisfoundintheskinofgrapesandisthoughttopreventillnessandpromotelongevity.Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine;in1991,itcalledattentiontotheso-calledFrenchParadox,whichassumedthatthelowrateofheartdiseaseinFrance,despiteanationaldietgloriouslyabundantinrichfoods,wasduetothecountry’shugeconsumptionofredwine,Thatreportfannedanobsessiveinterestinthenutritionalandtherapeuticpropertiesofwine.ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?

Obviously,scientistsaren’tinvestigatingwine’sphysiologicalimpactbecausetheyarecamouflageforthewineindustryandwanttoencourageAmericanstodrink;theresearchisbeingpursuedandtheresultsdisseminatedbecauseitappearsthattherereallyisalinkbetweenredwineandwell-being.Itisnowwidelyrecognizedthatmoderateredwineconsumption-generallydefinedadoneortwo5-ounceglassesadayforwomenandtwoorthreeformen,drunkwithfood-increasesHDLcholesterol.The“good”cholesterolthatremoverfattydepositsfromarteries.Inaddition,scientistshavedeterminedthattheflavonoidsinredwinehaveananticoagulanteffectthatcanhelppreventbloodclotsleadingtoheartattacks.

ResveratrolisalsosaidtohavearoleinpreventingclotsandisbelievedtoinhibittheproductionofLDLcholesterol-thebadkind.Resveratrolseemstobetheomnipotentingredientinredwine-a“vascularpipe-cleaner,”asDr.ChristophWestphalandHarvardbiochemistDavidSinclairputit,whoseresearchsuggeststhatresveratrolcandelaytheagingprocessandpreventmanygerontologicaldiseases.Afewyearsago,scientistsreportedthatresveratrolmaydiscouragetheonsetofonesuchillness,Alzheimer.Itisalsoclaimedthatthisantioxidantcanbooststamina,reducelunginflammationstemmingfromchronicpulmonarydisease,andhelppreventcancer.Inthefallof2008,UniversityofPittsburghscientistsevenreportedthatresveratrolmightoffersomeprotectionagainstradiationpoisoning.

1.Theauthorreferstothe“FrenchParadox”(Line4,Para1)inorderto（

）.

2.ThelastsentenceinParagraph1implies

（

）.

3.Theauthor’spurposeisto

（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,“Alzheime”isstatedasanexampleof（

）.

問題1選項

A.explainallformerstudieshavefailedtodiscoverthemedicalfunctionofredwine

B.givemoreinformationonanewly-foundscientificdiscoveryofredwine

C.advocatefurtherstudyshouldbeconductedonthenationaldietofFrance

D.showit’shardtodecidewhetherredwineresultsinlowerheartdiseaserateinFrance

問題2選項

A.Americansarealwayscurioustofindoutscientificevidencefortheirdiet

B.aslongasweliketheflavorofwine,wecanjustgoaheadtohavemore

C.Americanshaveforlonghadaverystronginterestinraisingquestions

D.peoplecancontinuedrinkingredwineregardlessofitstasteandeffect

問題3選項

A.narrate

B.instruct

C.criticize

D.explain

問題4選項

A.theagingprocess

B.chronicpulmonarydisease

C.gerontologicaldisease

D.radiationpoisoning

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節題。題目提問‘作者提到(第4行，第1段)“法國悖論”是為了……?！鶕谝欢蔚诙渲械摹癟hiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine;in1991,itcalledattentiontotheso-calledFrenchParadox.這已經不是第一次鼓吹紅酒的好處了，1991年呼吁人們注意所謂法國悖論就是其中的一次?！贝_定B選項‘為關于紅酒的新科學發現提供更多信息‘正確。

2.推斷題。題目提問‘第1段的最后一句意味著……?！鶕凇巫詈笠痪洹癟hisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?這似乎是一種特別的美國情結，它提出了一個耐人尋味的問題：為什么我們美國人如此渴望找到喝酒的理由，而不只是因為它味道好，而且我們喜歡它?”確定這里作者想說的是“想喝酒就喝吧，不要找其它理由”，所以B選項‘只要酒的味道是我們喜歡的，我們就可以直接多喝些‘正確。

3.推斷題。題目提問‘作者的目的是……。’根據文中由第一段第二句中的“Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine.這不是第一次鼓吹紅酒的好處。”中的trumpeting（鼓吹）以及第—段最后一句“ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?這似乎是一種特別的美國情結，它提出了一個耐人尋味的問題：為什么我們美國人如此渴望找到喝酒的理由，而不只是因為它味道好，而且我們喜歡它?”可以確定作者的態度是帶有批評意味的，C選項正確。

4.推斷題。題目提問‘在最后一段，“阿爾茨海默病”是作為一個……例子?！鶕詈笠欢蔚谝痪渲械摹皐hoseresearchsuggeststhatresveratrolcandelaytheagingprocessandpreventmanygerontologicaldiseases.研究表明白藜蘆醇可以延緩衰老過程，預防許多老年疾病?！迸c第二句中的“Afewyearsago,scientistsreportedthatresveratrolmaydiscouragetheonsetofonesuchillness.幾年前，科學家報告說，白藜蘆醇可能會阻止這種疾病的發生.”兩句的關系（前面提出與后面證明）確定第二句中的onesuchillness（Alzheimer）與第一句中的manygerontologicaldiseases是相互對應的，所以C選項正確。

11.單選題

“Twohundredeightmillion,twohundredninemillion,twohundredtenmillion...”ThatisthesoundofsolidwastehittingthebottomofgarbagecansalloverUnitedStatesin1996.Solidwastesarematerialsthatarediscardedorthrownawayafterusebyconsumersandbusinesses.Thisdoesnotincludefluidmaterials.Duringthatyear,Americansthrewaway210milliontons(about43pounds/20kilogramsperpersondaily)ofgarbage.Wethrowaway12.4milliontonsofglassandabout80milliontonsofpaperproducts.Americaalsothrowsawaylargeamounts(intons)offoodscraps,yardwastes,plastics,sludgefromsewagetreatmentplants,andothermaterials.Thatisalmostamountainofgarbage.

Eventhoughwemakeanefforttorecycleandcompostoursolidwaste,theamountofwastekeepsincreasingeachyear.Ourbiggestproblemiswheretoputthesolidwasteandhowtokeepitfrompollutingourenvironment.Ifsolidwasteisdisposedofincorrectly,itcancontaminateoursurfaceandundergroundwatersupplies.Currently,ourmunicipalwasteorwastecollectedbyourcitiesandtowns,goestolandfills.Today,about85%ourgarbagegoestolandfillsorgarbagedumps.Thiswastemustbetreatedtokeeprats,fliesandotheranimalsfrombuildingtheirhomeinthelandfills.Thetreatalsopreventsthegrowthofbacteriaandotherorganismthatcarrydiseases.So,howdowehandlethismountainofgarbage?Scientistshavecomeupwithdifferentmethodsforhandlingourwasteproblem.

OnetypeofwastedisposalcalledsanitarylandfillwasfirstusedinFresnoCalifornia,in1937.Insanitarylandfill,thesolidwasteisspreadinthinlayersthatcompactedandcoveredwithalayerofearth.Thisisamoreexpensivemethod,butittakesawaythehazardsthatarecausedbylandfills.Italsoallowedthelandtobeusedforbuildingorrecreation.Thenegativeofthelandfillsisthatit’stoughtofindopenlandandthisprocessisveryexpensive.Thelandalsoneedsitswatersourcesprotectedsothatthewaterwillnotpollutethewatersupply.Landfill(waterdumps)andsanitarylandfillsrelyonthenaturalbiodegradabilityofthesolidwastes.Solidwastearebiodegradableiftheycandecayorbreakdownthroughtheactionoflivingorganismsandreturntotheearth.Howevercertainmaterialstakelongertodecaythanothers,andsomematerialsdonotdecayordecomposeatall.Scientistsneedtofindothermethodsofwastedisposal.Incinerationandrecyclingaremethodsthatarecurrentlyinusetoday.

1.Thispassageisaboutdisposalproblemofsolidwaste（）.

2.Fromthearticlewecaninferthat（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,about（）isdumpedtolandfills.

4.Theword“recycle”(Line1,Paragraph2)means（）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

問題1選項

A.byconsumers

B.inCalifornia

C.bymunicipalgovernment

D.inAmerica

問題2選項

A.treatmentofthesolidisahardnuttocrack

B.solutionforproperdisposalwillbefoundsoon

C.Californiasetagoodexampleinsolidwastein1930s

D.thegovernmentremainsconfidentaboutthesolidwaste

問題3選項

A.12.4milliontonsofgarbage

B.80milliontonsofgarbage

C.85%ofthegarbage

D.92.4tonsofgarbage

問題4選項

A.tosendsomethingfaraway

B.tothrowsomethingawaytotherightplace

C.toconvertwasteintoreusablematerial

D.toturnintofertilizers

問題5選項

A.Solidwastedoesnotincludefluidmaterials.

B.SanitarylandfillisatypeofwastedisposalmethodonceusedinCalifornia.

C.Burningisnotamethodthatisusedtoday.

D.Compostingisstilloneofthewaystohandlethemountainofgarbage

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實細節題。根據第一段第二句“ThatisthesoundofsolidwastehittingthebottomofgarbagecansalloverUnitedStates.”可知，本文主要講的是全美國的固體垃圾處理問題，所以選項D正確。

2.信息歸納題。根據原文可知，盡管我們一直在為處理固體垃圾不斷努力，但每年廢棄物的數量都在不斷增加，由此可知，這是一個棘手的難題，選項A正確；焚燒和回收是目前正在使用的方法，科學家需要找到其他廢物處理方法，由此可知這是一個漫長的過程，所以選項B不正確；根據最后一段，加州雖然首次使用了衛生填埋的方法，但存在很多弊端，所以選項C不正確；選項D在文中沒有提及。

3.事實細節題。根據第二段“Today,about85%ourgarbagegoestolandfillsorgarbagedumps.”大約85%的垃圾進入了垃圾填埋場或垃圾場。選項C符合原文。

4.詞義推斷題?！皉ecycle”指循環利用。選項C將廢物轉化為可重復使用的材料，正確。

5.是非判斷題。根據第一段“Thisdoesnotincludefluidmaterials.”可知選項A正確；根據第三段第一句“OnetypeofwastedisposalcalledsanitarylandfillwasfirstusedinFresnoCalifornia.”可知選項B正確;根據最后一段最后一句“Incinerationandrecyclingaremethodsthatarecurrentlyinusetoday.”可知選項C錯誤；根據第二段第一句“Eventhoughwemakeanefforttorecycleandcompostoursolidwaste”可知選項D正確。所以本題選C。

12.單選題

Howcanwefinishtheworkinthe（）ofanyotherhelpers?

問題1選項

A.shortage

B.haste

C.deficiency

D.absence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項shortage“缺乏，不足”。B選項haste“匆忙，急忙”。C選項deficiency“缺陷，缺點”。D選項absence“缺席，缺少，沒有”。句意：如果沒有其他幫手，我們怎么能完成這項工作呢?本句表示“缺乏幫手的話，難以完成這項工作”。因此D選項符合題意。

13.問答題

(A)Defineambitionandyouinstantly(B)revealagreatdealaboutyourself:Eventhatmostneutralofworks,Webster's,initsSeventhNewCollegiateEdition,(C)givesitselfoff,(D)definingambitionfirstandforemostas“anardentdesireforrank,fameandpower.”

【答案】C；改成givesitselfaway

14.單選題

Successfulscientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakenewexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelyto______them.

問題1選項

A.infuse

B.verify

C.restore

D.refute

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.infuse灌輸；充滿B.verify核實，查證

C.restore恢復，還原；歸還D.refute反駁，駁斥

【答案】B

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據句子意思“成功的科學家總是仔細地、客觀地檢查陳述，并進行新的實驗來______它們”可知，新的實驗一般都是用來證實一些結果或者發現，所以B項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】成功的科學家總是仔細地、客觀地檢查陳述，并進行新的實驗來驗證它們。

15.單選題

Mysupplyofconfidenceslowly（）asthedeadlineapproached.

問題1選項

A.abolished

B.eliminated

C.diminished

D.exterminated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。abolish“廢除”；eliminate“消除，排除”；diminish“減少，縮小”;exterminate“消除；根除”。主語是confidence“信心”，與之搭配的動詞是diminish，因此選項C符合題意。

16.翻譯題

Itisacommonprobleminthenon-familyownedprivatelimitedcompany:shareholder/directorwantstoretireorleavethebusiness,butoneormoreofhisfellowshareholders/directorswanttocontinue.1.Itiseasyenoughforadirectortoretire,butthelikelihoodisthathewillwanttocashinonhisshareswhichhaveaccumulatedsomevalueovertheperiodofhisparticipationinthebusiness.Frequently,though,hisfellowshareholder/director(s)donothavethefinancialresourcestoacquirethesharesattheirmarketvalue.Awidevarietyofoptionsexist,butpurchaseofownsharesbythecompanyisoneofthemostuseful.

Purchaseofownsharesisexactlywhatsaysitis:thecompanyacquiresthesharesfromtheshareholders.Inprinciple,itisasimpleconceptbutonewhichiscoveredbyanumberofveryimportantlegislativeprovisions,bothincompanyandtaxlaw.2.Althoughatfirstsightthelegislationappearstoobstructwhatmightotherwisebeasimpleprocess,itactuallyexisttofacilitatethepurchase,whileprotectingthecreditors(sofarascompanylawisconcerned).Infact,theprovisionaretoonumeroustocoverindetailinafewwordsandthisarticleisdesignedtooutlinetherules,regulationsandoptions.

3.Itwasalwaysthecasethatacompanycouldnotacquireitsownshares,becauseindoingsoitwasobtainingownershipofitself,whichiscontrarytothemostfundamentallegalprinciplessurroundingthenatureandexistenceofcompanies.TheCompanyAct1981changedallthatandtheprovisionsitintroducedarenowincorporatedintotheCompanyAct1985.

4.Inessence,providedacompanyispermittedtodosobyitsMemorandumandArticlesofAssociation,anycompanycannowacquireitsownshares(subjecttotherebeingatleastoneleft).Becausepurchaseofownsharesisarelativelyrecentinnovation,manycompanies’MemorandumandArticlesofAssociationdonotcontainthisprovisionbutappropriateprovisionscanbeincludedbySpecialResolution,requiringa75%majority.

5.Althoughthepurchasemustnormallybemadeoutoftheproceedsofafreshissueofsharesandorofdistributableprofits,importantprovisionexistforprivatecompaniestomakethepurchaseoutofcapital.Ifdistributableprofitsareinsufficientthen,providedthecompanyissolventaftertheredemptionandisbelievedbydirectorstobegoingconcernforafurtheryear,thenthepurchasecangoahead.

【答案】1.對一個董事來說，只是想退休很容易，但他可能想要將他在參與公司經營期間積累了一定價值的股份變現。

2.雖然乍一看，這項立法似乎阻礙了原本可能簡單的程序，但它實際上是為了在促進購買的同時保護債權人（就公司法而言）的權利。

3.通常情況下，一個公司不能購買自己的股份，因為這樣做是獲得自己的所有權，這違反了關于公司的性質和存在的最基本的法律原則。

4.從本質上來說，只要一家公司的組織大綱和章程允許它這樣做，任何公司現在都可以收購自己的股份（前提是至少還有一股剩下）。

5.盡管這種購買通常必須用新發行的股票和（或）可分配利潤的收益進行，但對私營公司來說，也存在可以用資本購買的重要規定。

17.翻譯題

Toourview,thefuturebelongstothosewhowillknowhowtoperceivethemysteriousborderlinewhichseparatestheuglyfromthebeautiful.Thisphilosophyhasdominatedmostofthegreatcivilizationsofthepastandisfundamentallyourownwesternwayoflookingattheworld.

Iamconfidentthatwithabetterunderstandingofeachother,therewillbealsoacorrespondingmodificationofourattitudestowardtheachievementsoftheJapanesepeople.

Itisonlythroughstrongertiesamongallofus,throughtherealizationofatrulytriangularworldofcooperativeeffortinwhichtheUnitedStates,Europe,andJapanwillbeabletoreinforcetheirrespectiveties,thatonewillbecapableofplanningthegeneralscenarioofthe21stcentury,andthiswithinabroaderpictureofinternationalcooperationamongallcivilizedpeopleofthisplanet.

【答案】我們認為，未來屬于那些知道如何感知美和丑之間的神秘界線的人。在過去的大部分時間里，這種觀點一直是主流，而且也是我們西方看待世界的主要方式。

我相信，如果我們能更好地彼此理解，我們對待日本人民取得的成就的態度就會發生相應的改變。

只有通過我們之間的密切合作，在美國、日本和歐洲之間建立真正的三角合作關系，加強彼此的聯系，我們才能規劃21世紀的宏偉藍圖，要做到這一點，需要這個星球上所有文明民族的共同合作。

18.翻譯題

金銀玉器是一個總稱，通指對金、銀等金屬材質及玉石進行鍛煉、雕琢加工而成的佩戴裝飾品或觀賞工藝品。

我國金銀器的制造和使用已有三千多年的歷史。在商代青銅文化聞名于世的同時，就已經出現了金器。從傳世文物上來看，金銀器品種繁多，應用廣泛。小到金銀首飾，大到佛塔供器，無不可以發現金銀器的蹤影。普通人家只是將金銀器用作佩飾可收藏，官宦人家則更用作飲食、生活用具，而宮廷中金銀器的使用則遍及佛事、飲食起居、冠服車馬、陳設裝飾等各個方面。從中可以想見金銀器對我們傳統文化及日常生活的深刻影響。

玉器是指用玉石手工雕刻琢磨而成，用于佩戴裝飾或陳設觀賞的藝術品。早期的玉器多用作禮器，少數用作佩飾。從良渚、紅山文化遺址中出土的古玉來看，新石器時期的玉器用作祭祀、陪葬的禮器外，還有辟邪的神秘意味，同時還是權力、財富和尊貴的象征，用玉的階層也只限于王公貴族。宋代以后，玉器的使用逐漸普及，大量的玉器皿、玉佩飾也進入了尋常百姓之家。玉在中國傳統文化中具有特殊的意義，中國也贏得了“玉器之國”的美譽。

【答案】Gold,silverandjadewaresarethegenericterm,whichusuallyreferstobaldricorornamentalartsandcraftspolishedandcarvedoutofmetalmaterialslikegoldandsilverandjade.

Themanufactureanduseofgoldandsilverwarehasalreadyhadahistoryofmorethan3000yearsinourcountry.Goldwarehasappearedwhilebronzeculturewaswell-knownintheworldintheShangdynasty.Accordingtoculturalrelicshandeddownfromancienttimes,therearemanycategoriesinthegoldandsilverwarethathasbeenappliedinmanyfields.Goldandsilverwarescanbeseenanywhere,rangingfromgoldandsilverjewellerytoBuddhisttowerandworshippingutensils.Goldandsilverwaresaremerelyusedasbaldricthatcanbecollectedinaveragefamily,andtheyarefurtherusedasdietandlifeappliancesinanofficialfamily.Buttheuseofgoldandsilverwaresinthepalaceinvolvesallrespects,suchasBuddhistceremony,dietanddailylife,crownclothingandcoach,furnishingsanddecoration,etc.,fromwhichwecanimaginethattheinfluenceofgoldandsilverwareshasbeenreflectedprofoundlyinourtraditionalcultureanddailylife.

Jadewarereferstotheworkofartmanuallycarvedandpolishedoutofjadeandusedforwearingandornamentationorfurnishingsandappreciation.Mostoftheearlyjadeswereusedasritualvessel,andthenumberofbaldricisverysmall.IntermsofancientjadesunearthedintheLiangzhuandHongshanculturalrelics,apartfrombeingusedasritualvesselsinsacrificialandfuneraryactivities,jadewareintheNeolithicperiodalsohadthemysteriousmeaningofprotectingagainstevilspirits,aswellasasymbolofpower,wealth,anddignity.Furthermore,theuseofjadewaslimitedtoroyaltyandnobility.AftertheSongDynasty,theuseofjadearticlewasmoreandmorepopular,mostofjadewaresorjadeornamentscouldbeseenincommonfamily.JadeisendowedwithaspecialmeaninginthetraditionalChineseculture,andChinahasalsowonagoodreputationof“countryofjade”.

19.單選題

Sometimesthetensionproducedbyfearsissogreatthatwecannotsuppressit.Atsuchtimesweneedto_____thetensionbylaughingorcrying.

問題1選項

A.discard

B.disperse

C.disguise

D.discharge

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項discardv.拋棄，丟棄；B選項dispersev.分散，使散開，傳播；C選項disguisev.掩飾，假裝；D選項dischargev.排放，釋放，卸貨。根據句意可知，有時恐懼造成的緊張，我們無法自行克制，這時就需要哭泣或者怒吼來釋放壓力。因此，正確答案為D。

20.單選題

W:Goodtoseeyou.Youlookfatterandbetter.

M:Thanks.Ihadalotofexerciseanddrankvegetablejuiceeveryday.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

問題1選項

A.Themanusedtobeunhealthy

B.Themandoesn’thaveasmuchexerciseasheusedto.

C.Themanatealoteveryday.

D.Themanhasbecomeabetterperson

【答案】D

【解析】根據女士的話“你看起來更胖，更好了?！笨芍狣選項‘這個人變得更好了’正確。

21.翻譯題

Whatisthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressure?Takeyourpick,asthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressureseemstobevirtuallyanyexercise,likewalkingorcyclingorlightweighttraining,especiallyifyourworkoutsarespreadthroughouttheday.

“Evenstandingmightwork,”saysGlennGaesser,thedirectoroftheHealthyLifestylesResearchCenteratArizonaStateUniversityandanexpertonexerciseandhypertension.Exerciselowersbloodpressureinlargepartbyalteringbloodvesselstiffnesssobloodflowsmorefreely.Thiseffectoccursduringandimmediatelyafteraworkout,sotheblood-pressurebenefitsfromexercisearemostpronouncedrightafter,youworkout.Asaresult,thebestwaytofighthypertensionmaybetodivvyupyourworkoutintobite-sizepieces.

Ina2012studybyDr.Gaesser,three10-minutewalksspreadthroughoutthedaywerebetteratpreventingsubsequentspikesinbloodpressure—whichcanindicateworseningbloodpressurecontrol—thanone30-minutewalk.Andifevena10-minutewalksoundsdaunting,trystandingmoreoften.InanotherstudyledbyDr.GaesserandpublishedinAugust,overweightvolunteerswithbloodpressureproblemswereaskedtositcontinuouslyduringaneight-hourworkdaywhiletheirbloodpressurewasmonitored.Thereadingswere,asexpected,unhealthy.

Butwhen,duringanotherworkday,thosevolunteersstoodupeveryhourforatleast10minutes,theirbloodpressurereadingsimprovedsubstantially.Thereadingswereevenbetterwhen,onadditionalworkdays,thevolunteersstrolledatapokey1-mile-per-hourpaceattreadmilldesksforatleast10minuteseveryhourorpedaledunder-deskexercisebikesforthesamenumberofminuteseveryhour.

“Exerciseintensitydoesnotappeartoplayanysignificantrole”inhelpingpeoplecontrolbloodpressure,Dr.Gaessersays.Movementiswhatmatters.Sogoforastrollafewtimesduringthedayorsimplystandupmoreoftentodevelophealthierbloodpressure.

【答案】【參考譯文】

控制血壓的最佳鍛煉方式是什么？任何鍛煉都好，幾乎所有運動對控制血壓都非常有效，比如步行、騎車或是輕的負重練習，全天式的鍛煉會讓減壓效果更好。

亞利桑那州立大學健康生活方式研究中心的主任格林?蓋瑟爾是位鍛煉與高血壓方面的專家，他認為“哪怕站著也會有幫助。”鍛煉降低血壓的原因，主要是因為運動可以改善血管硬度使得血流更加通暢。這樣的效果在鍛煉中和鍛煉后都會馬上顯現，因而在剛剛運動完其降壓效果尤其明顯。結論就是最好的對抗高血壓的方式，是類似少食多餐那樣進行少量多次的運動。

在蓋瑟爾2012年發表的一篇報告中，他建議將一天運動量均分為3個時長為10分鐘的步行，這樣比一次步行30分鐘相比可以更好預防血壓出現峰值，血壓峰值出現往往意味著控壓惡化。甚至說如果10分鐘步行聽著都有些嚇人的話，那就多站站。蓋瑟爾博士主導過另一項研究并將成果于8月出版，研究要求一些超重并有高血壓問題的志愿者在8小時的工作日里一直坐在座位上，同時監測其血壓，結果發現血壓讀數如預料的一樣非常不健康。

但在另一個工作日，當要求這些志愿者每小時至少站立10分鐘后，他們的血壓讀數顯著改善。接著在另外一個工作日，這些志愿者需要每小時用帶跑步機的書桌慢速走10分鐘（配速為每小時1英里/1.6公里），或者用桌下型蹬車器每小時練習10分鐘，鍛煉后的血壓讀數改善得更為顯著。

蓋瑟爾博士稱就輔助人們控制血壓方面來說，“鍛煉強度起不到什么作用?！边\動起來才是關鍵。所以每天多走幾步或多站幾次來打造健康血壓吧。

22.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(41)Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles.

Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelifestyleoftheanimal,andthatpredatorsarestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.(42)Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheirearstoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?(43)

Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.(44)Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal’svulnerability,RayMeddisofLondonUniversityhassuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalsthataretoostupidtobequiteontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.(45)

A.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.

B.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.

C.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlytrue.

D.Sleepisveryancient.

E.Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?

F.Deeplyinvolvedwiththisnewtechnologyisabreedofmodernbusinesspeoplewhohaveagrowingrespectfortheeconomicvalueofdoingbusinessabroad.

【答案】41.D

42.A

43.E

44.B

45.C

【解析】41.第一段的句子中提到了extendback，意為“追溯”，而且后面兩段提到了一個關鍵復現詞sleep，所以第一段開頭填D項“睡眠是非常古老的”正確。

42.第二段第一句提到了dreaming和dreamless，第三句講了dreamless，所以這里是對dreaming和dreamless分別敘述，第二句肯定是和dream相關的，故A項“在有夢睡眠中，動物被有力地固定住，對外界刺激明顯沒有反應”正確。

43.第二段倒數第三句提到“與聰明的動物相比，愚蠢的動物在深度睡眠時不太會動彈”，然后就提出了一個問題Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?（但他們為什么要睡得深呢？），并且第二段提到了一個highlyevolved，所以結合選項可知，該題選擇E項“為什么會進化出這樣一種深度靜止的狀態？”正確。

44.最后一段開頭提到了dolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepvery