書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyintothesky.

問題1選項

A.heaving

B.raising

C.ascending

D.floating

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。heave意為“舉起”；raise意為“提升，提高”；ascend意為“上升，升高”；float意為“浮動，漂流”。此處為動詞的現在分詞作賓補。

句意：當看到幾百個彩色氣球慢慢地升向天空時，孩子們歡呼起來。

2.單選題

The（）betweenthetwoplayingperiodsofafootballgameisonlyafewminutes.

問題1選項

A.internal

B.reserve

C.interval

D.radium

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項internal“內部”；B選項reserve“預備，儲存”；C選項interval“間隔，間距”；D選項radium“鐳”。句意：足球比賽兩場比賽之間的間隔只有幾分鐘。選項C符合語境。

3.單選題

Asthepainteris（）topollens,heregretsalotforlosingthechanceofdrawingthebeautyofspringinthefields.

問題1選項

A.nostalgic

B.insolent

C.acute

D.allergic

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項nostalgic“懷舊的，鄉愁的”；B選項insolent“無禮的，傲慢的”；C選項acute“急性的，敏銳的”；D選項allergic“對……過敏的，對……極討厭的”。句意：因為這個畫家對花粉……，他很遺憾要失去野外寫生的機會。由后面句子heregretsalotforlosingthechanceofdrawingthebeautyofspringinthefields（他很遺憾要……）可知D選項allergic“對……過敏的”（畫家對花粉過敏）與前后意思對應。因此D選項符合句意。

4.單選題

______himtomorrow?

問題1選項

A.Whynottocallon

B.Whydon’tcallon

C.Whynotcallingon

D.Whynotcallon

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。whynot后面加動詞原形，構成Whynotdosth.?（為何不……呢？）；whydonot后面先加主語，再加動詞原形，構成Whydonotsb.dosth.?（某人為什么不做某事呢？）句意：為什么不明天去拜訪他？

5.單選題

Somepeopleholdthat,sinceweliveinamoneyorientedsociety,theaverageindividualcareslittleaboutsolving（）problems.

問題1選項

A.anyoneelses’

B.anyone’selse

C.anyoneelse’s

D.anyone

【答案】C

【解析】anyoneelse“別的任何人”，其所有格形式應在else后，即anyoneelse’；anyone不應分開寫，else不是名詞，沒有復數形式。

6.單選題

Themagicianpickedseveralpersons（）fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelpwiththeperformance.

問題1選項

A.byaccident

B.atrandom

C.onoccasion

D.onaverage

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項byaccident“偶爾、意外地”；B選項atrandom“隨意地、隨機的”；C選項onoccasion“有時、不時地”；D選項onaverage“平均”，句意為：魔術師從觀眾中挑選了幾個人，請他們幫忙表演。挑選觀眾是隨機地，因此選項B符合題意。

7.單選題

Themayorisawomanwithgreatforthrightnessandthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.

問題1選項

A.intention

B.instinct

C.integrity

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。forthrightness意為“坦率，直率”；intention意為“意圖，目的”；instinct意為“本能，天性”；integrity意為“正直，誠實”；intensity意為“強烈”。

句意：市長是一位非常直率的女性，因此值得我們的政治和財政支持。

8.單選題

Medicalstudentlearntodistinguish“acute”,whichmeanssomethingofrecentonset,form“chronic”whichmeansaconditionthatwillprobablycontinuefora（）periodoftime.

問題1選項

A.gloomy

B.temporary

C.tough

D.substantial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項gloomy“黑暗的，沮喪的，陰郁的”；B選項temporary“暫時的，臨時的”；C選項tough“艱苦的，困難的”；D選項substantial“大量的，實質的”。句意：醫科學生要學會區分“急性”（指近期發病）和“慢性”（指可能持續_____一段時間的病情）。跟前一句對比，可以推斷這里表達的應該是“大量的時間（很長的一段時間）”，因此D選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Onestudentafteranother______uptoanswertheteacher’squestions.

問題1選項

A.stand

B.stands

C.standing

D.tostand

【答案】B

【解析】考查謂語動詞形式。以“one...afteranother”做主語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數。句意：學生一個接一個地站起來回答老師的問題。因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

Aneducationthataimsatgettingastudentacertainkindofjobisa（1）education,justifiedforreasonsradicallydifferentfromwhyeducationis

（2）

一requiredbylaw.Itisnotsimplyto

（3）

everyone’sjobprospectsthatallchildrenarelegallyrequiredtoattendschoolintotheirteens.Rather,wehaveacertainconceptionoftheAmericancitizen,acharacterwhoisincompleteifhecannotcompetentlyassesshowhislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythingsoutsideofhimself.Butthiswasnotalwaysthecase;beforeitwaslegallyrequiredforallchildrentoattendschooluntilacertain

（4）

itwaswidelyacceptedthatsomewerejustnotequipped

（5）

naturetopursuethiskindofeducation.Withoptimisticcharacteristicofallindustrializedcountries,wecametoacceptthateveryoneis

（6）

tobeeducated.Computer-educationadvocates—

（7）

thisoptimisticnotionforapessimismthatbetraystheirotherwisecheeryoutlook.

（8）

ontheconfusionbetweeneducationalandvocationalreasonsforbringingcomputersintoschools,computer-educationadvocatesoften

（9）

—thejobprospectsofgraduatesovertheireducational（10）.

問題1選項

A.informal

B.basic

C.technical

D.expensive

問題2選項

A.differently

B.universally

C.conversely

D.regularly

問題3選項

A.form

B.consist

C.arise

D.raise

問題4選項

A.year

B.age

C.day

D.extent

問題5選項

A.in

B.at

C.by

D.with

問題6選項

A.fit

B.responsible

C.suitable

D.able

問題7選項

A.consider

B.forget

C.forsake

D.foretell

問題8選項

A.Encountering

B.Banking

C.Devising

D.Seeking

問題9選項

A.emphasize

B.encourage

C.engage

D.enlarge

問題10選項

A.academy

B.position

C.degree

D.achievement

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:D

【解析】第1題:考查形容詞辨析。由空前的“aimsatgettingastudentacertainkindofjob”知C項正確。informal非正式的；basic基本的；technical技術的；expensive昂貴的。答案選C

第2題:考查副詞辨析。differently不同地；universally普遍地；conversely相反地；regularly定期地，有規律地。此處意為普及教育，故答案選B

第3題:考查動詞辨析。form形成；consist由……組成；arise出現；raise提高。此處意為提升得到工作的機會（提升工作前景）答案選D

第4題:考查名詞辨析。由attendschool可知此處指“到了一定的上學年齡”。答案選B

第5題:考查固定搭配。bynature天生地，生性，答案選C

第6題:考查固定搭配。responsible負責的；suitable合適的。此處意為：適合教育。befitto適應，適合。答案選A

第7題:考查動詞辨析。consider認為，考慮；forget忘記；forsake放棄，斷念；foretell預言，預示。由“forapessimismthatbetraystheirotherwisecheeryoutlook.用與他們樂觀外表相悖的悲觀情緒來替代。”可知此處指代放棄了樂觀的想法，故C項正確。

第8題:考查固定搭配。bankon“依靠；依賴”知B項正確。

第9題:考查動詞辨析。由上文可知計算機支持者放棄了樂觀的想法及thejobprospectsofgraduatesover…可知計算機支持者重視就業，emphasize…over…更重視…。答案選A

第10題:考查名詞辨析。academy學院；position位置，職位；degree程度，等級；achievement成就。對比可知D項符合句意。句意：計算機教育倡導者重視就業前景而非教育成就。答案選D。

11.單選題

Governmenthealthorganizationshavefosteredanawarenessofthedangersincertainsocialhabits.

問題1選項

A.included

B.discovered

C.cultivated

D.discouraged

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項included“包括，包含”；B選項discovered“發現，找到”；C選項cultivated“培養，發展，教化”；D選項discouraged“使氣餒”。句意：政府衛生組織_____了對某些社會習慣的危險的認識。這里表達的是“培養人們對危險的認知”，因此C選項的意思與原文最符合，C選項正確。

12.單選題

Hewasveryintelligent,buthe（）therequirementforamanager.

問題1選項

A.fellshortof

B.ranshortof

C.ranoutof

D.frozeoutof

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。fellshortof達不到,缺乏;ranshortof快用完了;ranoutof用完;frozeoutof不是詞組。句意：他很聰明,但達不到管理職位的要求。選項A符合句意。

13.單選題

LongbeforeManlivedontheEarth,therewerefishes,reptiles,birds,insects,andsomemammals.Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtoday,othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhavenodescendantsalivenow.（1）.

Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskin,sothat,apartfromcolor,wecanbuildupareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Thekindofrockinwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsusmuchaboutthenatureoftheoriginalland,oftenoftheplantsthatgrewonit,andevenofitsclimate.

（2）.Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocks

formedbywateraction,andmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinornearwater.Thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammals,birds,andinsectsofwhichweknownothing.

（3）.Therewerealsocrab-likecreatures,whosebodieswerecovered

withahomysubstance.Thebodysegmentseachhadtwopairsoflegs,onepairforwalkingonthesandybottom,theotherforswimming.Theheadwasakindofshieldwithapairofcompoundeyes,oftenwiththousandsoflenses.Theywereusuallyaninchortwolongbutsomewere2feet.

（4）.Ofthese,theammonitesareveryinterestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychambers,eachrepresentingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanewchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.ThousandsofthesecanbeseenintherocksontheDorsetCoast.

（5）.

About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Themammalsquicklydeveloped,andwecantracetheevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuchastheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelatermammals,thoughnowextinct,wereknowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintingsandonbonecarvings.

問題1選項

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

問題2選項

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

問題3選項

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

問題4選項

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

問題5選項

A.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.

B.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.

C.Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,formed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.

D.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeareasoftheworld.

E.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.

F.Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.

G.Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:F

第3題:E

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】（1）空前指出許多動物滅絕了，而接下來第二段指出，我們可以根據石頭推測已滅絕的動物形狀。前后為對立的兩種情況,而B項開頭的nevertheless正好表示轉折，意思是：盡管如此，我們對它們了解很多，因為它們的骨頭和貝殼是作為化石保存在巖石中的。從它們我們可以看出它們的大小和形狀，它們走路的方式，它們吃的食物種類。該選項起到了銜接第一段和第二段的作用。

（2）此空時銜接第二段和第三段,選項F的最后一句與空白后的第一句密切相關。空白后第一句講：我們所知道的幾乎所有化石都是被保存在了由于水的作用而形成的巖石中，而且大多都是生活在水里或水邊的動物。選項F提到：becarriedawaybystreamsintolakesorthesea,getcoveredbymud等，都是在講水的作用形成化石；而最后一句“直到其骨頭或外殼嵌進石頭并被保存下來”，空格后也有一個preserved與之對應。因此F為此處正確答案。F意為：動物死后，其身體、骨骼或外殼通常會被溪流帶走，流入湖泊或海洋，并被泥土覆蓋。如果這只動物生活在海里，它的身體可能會下沉并被泥土覆蓋。越來越多的泥土會落在上面，直到骨頭或貝殼被嵌入并保存下來。

（3）53空后一句:還有像螃蟹一樣的生物，其身體表面是一層角狀物。緊接著后面部分介紹了這類動物的外貌特征。空后一句有一個“also”，由此推測空格處應該是關于另一種海洋生物。選項E提到starlilies這種海洋生物。E意為：最早被發現的動物都是非常簡單的動物，生活在海里。后來的形態更為復雜，其中包括海百合、星魚的關系，星魚有長長的手臂，被一根長莖附在海床或巖石上。

（4）空格處后一句為:Ofthese,theammonitesare…shell…animal,說明ammonites是前面所提某種動物中的一個例子，它們的特點是“有殼"。據此推測此處應為A項。A意為：有殼的水生動物在化石中的歷史很久了，而且已知的有很多不同的種類。

（5）55空上段主要講的是有殼水生動物。下段第一句講：大約7500萬年前，爬行動物時代結束了。由此可知，要填入的文字應該既承接上段提到的有殼水生動物，又能夠引出下文的爬行動物這樣的內容。只有選項C中有相關的詞gaverisetothereptiles。C意為：第一批真正有脊椎的動物是魚類，最早出現在3.75億年前的巖石中。大約3億年前，兩棲動物出現了，它們能夠在陸地和水中生活。它們是巨大的，有時長達8英尺，其中許多生活在我們的煤層或巖層形成的沼澤水池中。兩棲動物產生了爬行動物，在近1.5億年的時間里，這些爬行動物是陸地、海洋和空中的主要生命形式。

14.翻譯題

Asafashionableleisureactivity,travelingisfavoredbyagrowingnumberofpeople.Duetotherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,theimprovementoflivingstandardandthegovernment’ssupportoftourism,travelingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinChina.Travelinghasgraduallybecomeanessentialpartofpeople’sdailylife.Onholidays,numerousChinesetouristswouldswarmintoscenicspotsacrosstheworld.Whentraveling,peoplecanbroadentheirhorizons,enrichtheirknowledgeandappreciatebeautifulnaturallandscapes,whichwouldeventuallyhelptorelaxthemselvesphysicallyandmentally.

【答案】旅游作為一種時尚的休閑活動，為越來越多的人所喜愛。經濟的迅猛發展、生活水平的提高，以及政府對旅游業的支持使得旅游在中國越來越流行。旅游已逐步成為人們日常生活必不可少的部分。每逢假期，大批的中國游客就會涌入世界各地的景點。旅游時人們可以開闊視野，增長知識，欣賞大自然的美麗風光，最終得以放松身心。

15.單選題

Each（）effortababymakesatspeechisasignofintellectualdevelopment.

問題1選項

A.cordial

B.compact

C.clumsy

D.chronic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項cordial“熱情的，真誠的”；B選項compact“體積小的，精制的”；C選項clumsy“笨拙的，不靈活的”；D選項chronic“長期的，慢性的”。句意：嬰兒在說話時的每一次（）努力都是智力發展的標志。“每一次熱情的/體積小的/長期的努力”都沒有“笨拙的”更合適，因此C選項正確。

16.單選題

Ithaslongbeenknownthattherateofoxidativemetabolism(theprocessthatusesoxygentoconvertfoodintoenergy)inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns.Thehighmetabolicrateofsmallanimals,forexample,givesthemsustainedpowerandactivityperunitofweight,butatthecostofrequiringconstantconsumptionoffoodandwater.Verylargeanimals,withtheirrelativelylowmetabolicrates,cansurvivewellonasporadicfoodsupply,butcangeneratelittlemetabolicenergypergramofbodyweight.Ifonlyoxidativemetabolicrateisconsidered,therefore,onemightassumethatsmaller,moreactive,animalscouldpreyonlargerones,atleastiftheyattackedingroups.Perhapstheycouldifitwerenotforanaerobicglycolysis,thegreatequalizer.

Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider.Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal.If,forexample,somepredatorshadattackeda100-tendinosaur,normallytorpid,thedinosaurwouldhavebeenabletogeneratealmostinstantaneously,viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.Thisexplainshowmanylargespecieshavemanagedtocompetewiththeirmoreactiveneighbors:thecompensationforalowoxidativemetabolicrateisglycolysis.

Therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation.Theglycogenreservesofanyanimalaregood,atmost,foronlyabouttwominutesatmaximumeffort,afterwhichonlythenormaloxidativemetabolicsourceofenergyremains.Withtheconclusionofaburstofactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerableto

attackuntiltheacidisreconverted,viaoxidativemetabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.Duringthisprocesstheenormousenergydebtthattheanimalhasrunupthroughanaerobicglycolysismustberepaid,adebtthatisproportionallymuchgreaterforthelargervertebratesthanforthesmallerones.Whereasthetinyshrewcanreplaceinminutestheglycogenusedformaximumeffort,forexample,thegiganticdinosaurwouldhaverequiredmorethanthreeweeks.Itmightseemthatthisinterminablylongrecoverytimeinalargevertebratewouldproveagravedisadvantageforsurvival.Fortunately,muscleglycogenisusedonlywhenneededandeventhenonlyinwhateverquantityisnecessary.Onlyintimesofpanicorduringmortalcombatwouldtheentirereservesbeconsumed.

Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

Accordingtotheauthor,amajorlimitationofanaerobicglycolysisisthatitcan（

）.

Thepassagesuggeststhatthetotalanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothevertebrate’ssizebecause（

）.

Theauthorismostprobablyaddressingwhichofthefollowingaudiences?

Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.refuteamisconceptionaboutanaerobicglycolysis

B.explainanaerobicglycolysisanditseffectsonanimalsurvival

C.describethelimitationsofanaerobicglycolysis

D.analyzethechemistryofanaerobicglycolysisanditssimilaritytooxidativemetabolism

問題2選項

A.produceinlargeanimalsmorelacticacidthanthelivercansafelyreconvert

B.necessitateadangerouslylongrecoveryperiodinlargeanimals

C.produceenergymoreslowlythanitcanbeusedbylargeanimals

D.consumealloftheavailableglycogenregardlessofneed

問題3選項

A.largervertebratesconservemoreenergythansmallervertebrates

B.largervertebratesuselessoxygenperunitweightthansmallervertebrates

C.theabilityofavertebratetoconsumefoodisafunctionofitssize

D.theamountofmuscletissueinavertebrateisdirectlyrelatedtoitssize

問題4選項

A.Collegestudentsinanintroductorycourseonanimalphysiology

B.Historiansofscienceinvestigatingthediscoveryofanaerobicglycolysis

C.Graduatestudentswithspecializedtrainingincomparativeanatomy

D.ZoologistsinterestedinPrehistoricanimals

問題5選項

A.Thedisadvantageofalowoxidativemetabolicrateinlargeanimalscanbeoffsetbytheirabilitytoconvertsubstantialamountsofglycogenintoenergy.

B.Themostsignificantproblemfacinganimalsthathaveusedanaerobicglycolysisforenergyistheresynthesisofitsbyproduct,glucose,intoglycogen.

C.Thebenefitstoanimalsofanaerobicglycolysisareoffsetbytheprofoundcoststhatmustbepaid.

D.Themajorfactorensuringthatalargeanimalwilltriumphoverasmalleranimalisthelargeanimal’sabilitytoproduceenergyviaanaerobicglycolysis

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】文章第一段提到動作的氧化代謝率對它們生存方式造成的影響（inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns）；第二段解釋無氧糖酵解（Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider）；第三段提到了無氧糖酵解的不足以及對動物的生存產生的影響。綜上所述，選項B符合題意。

文章第三段第一句提到了補償的局限性（therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation），指出動物由于無氧糖酵解所導致的大量能量消耗必須得到補償，然后又通過小松鼠為例來說明小型動物補償的時間短，而大型動物則需要很長的時間才能完成補償，這就是補償的局限性。選項B符合題意。

文章第二段第二句話Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal提到了無氧糖酵解與動物體型的關系。隨后舉了恐龍的例子來解釋說明肌肉越多，糖原質的含量就越多，體型大，肌肉多，選項D符合題意。

文章主要介紹無氧糖酵解對動物的生存產生的影響，沒有使用一些非常晦澀難懂的專業知識，因此作者最可能針對的是剛剛接觸相關學科的人群。選項A符合題意。

文章主要提及了氧化代謝率較低的大型動物的不利原因。作者通過舉了恐龍這種大型動物來說明自己的觀點，比如一只100噸重的恐龍可以通過無氧糖酵解產生3000個人進行氧化新陳代謝（viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.）產生的最大的能量，從而保證大型動物能在激烈的叢林中生存。選項A符合題意。

17.單選題

JackwasabouttoannounceourplanbutI（

）.

問題1選項

A.cuthimshort

B.gavehimup

C.turnedhimout

D.puthimthrough

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項cutsb.short“打斷某人”；B選項givesb.up“放棄某人”；C選項turnsb.out意為“驅逐某人”；D選項putsb.through“替某人接通”。由句中的but可知前后表示轉折關系，結合句意可知選A。句意：杰克正要宣布我們的計劃，但我打斷了他。

18.單選題

SpecialistMusicSchoolsHowtocopewithachildwhoshowsoutstandingmusicalability?It'snotalwaysclearhowbesttodevelopandencouragetheirgift.Manyparentsmayevenfailtorecognizeandrespondtotheirchild'sneeduntilfrustrationexplodesintodifficultoruncooperativebehavior.Andwhilemostschoolsareequippedtodealwithchildrenwhoareespeciallyableinacademicsubjects,themusicallygiftedrequirespecialunderstandingwhichmaynotalwaysbeavailableinanordinaryschoolespeciallyonewheremusicisregardedasasecondaryactivity.Suchchildren—aswellasthosewhoseabilityisactivelyencouragedbyparentsorteachers—maywellbenefitfromtheeducationofferedbyaspecialistmusicschool.

ThefivemusicschoolsinBritainarearelativelyrecentintroduction.Theyaimtoprovideasympatheticenvironmentinwhichgiftedchildrenagedbetweensevenandeighteencandeveloptheirskillstothefullundertheguidanceofprofessionalmusicians.

Childrenatspecialistmusicschoolsspendbetweenonethirdandonehalfofanaveragedayonmusicalactivities,forexample,individuallessons(uptothreehoursaweekonfirstandsecondinstruments),orchestras,chambergroups,voicetraining,conductingandtheory.Theyalsospendseveralhoursadaypracticinginproperly