書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南昌大學(xué)共青學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetomakewaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomeprimaryquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Wouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Wouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldprovidetheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportationimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplaceinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtime,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered,asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfulltimejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutintherecentopinionpollsshowsthat（

）

2.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat（

）

3.Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentwereoverwhelminginthat（

）

4.Thearticleconcludesthat（

）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation.

B.newjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures.

C.availableemploymentmustbemorewidelydistributedamongtheunemployed.

D.thenowadayshighunemploymentfiguresareatruthoflife.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.universalemploymentvirtuallyguaranteedprosperity.

B.economicfreedomcamewithineveryone’scontrol.

C.patternsofworkwerefundamentallychanged.

D.people’sattitudestoworkhadtobereversed.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely.

B.mennowtraveledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork.

C.theworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered.

D.youngandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility.

B.oureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient.

C.peopleshouldbeginsupportingthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill.

D.weshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，高失業(yè)率確實(shí)是現(xiàn)在存在的一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，并且會(huì)持續(xù)下去。所以選項(xiàng)中“atruthoflife”最符合題意，選項(xiàng)D最符合題意。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“someofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbrought”，第四段中“hefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustries”可以看出工業(yè)時(shí)代的到來推動(dòng)了整個(gè)工業(yè)模式的變化。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段。所有人都受到了就業(yè)影響，其中也包括“thosenotinpaid”，那些沒有受雇的人，如學(xué)生和退休人員，故選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的最后一句中“withoutfulltimejobs”，可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

I’dratheryou（

）anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.do

B.didn’tdo

C.don’t

D.didn’t

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我寧愿你目前什么也不要做。

語法題。考查虛擬語氣。Wouldrather后面接從句時(shí)要用虛擬語氣,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。故選B。

3.單選題

Ifleadership,asitsmostbasicmeaning,（1）gettingthingsdonethroughothers,thenpersuasionisoneoftheleader’s

（2）tools.Manyexecutiveshaveassumedthatthistoolis（3）theirgrasp,availableonly（4）thecharismaticandtheeloquent.Overthepastseveraldecades,

（5）experimentalpsychologistshave（6）whichmethodsreliablyleadpeopleto

（7）,comply,orchange.Theirresearchshowsthatpersuasionisgovernedbyseveralprinciplesthatcanbetaughtandapplied.

Thefirstprincipleisthatpeoplearemorelikelytofollowsomeonewhoissimilar（8）themthansomeonewhoisnot.Wisemanagers,then,

（9）peerstohelpmaketheircases.Second,peoplearemorewillingtocooperatewiththosewhoarenotonlylikethembutwholikethemaswell.Soitis（10）thetimetouncoverrealsimilaritiesandoffer（11）praise.Third,experiments（12）theintuitivetruththatpeopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.It'sa

（13）policytodoafavor（14）

seekingone.Fourth,individualsaremorelikelytokeeppromisestheymakevoluntarilyand（15）.Themessageformanagershereistogetcommitmentsinwriting.Fifth,studiesshowthatpeoplereallydo（16）experts.Sobeforetheyattempttoexertinfluence,executivesshouldtakepainstoestablishtheirownexpertiseandnotassumethatit’s（17）.Finally,peoplewantmoreofacommodity

（18）it’sscarce;it

（19）,then,that（20）informationismorepersuasivethanwidelyavailabledata.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consistsin

B.consistsof

C.constitutesof

D.composesof

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.fundamental

B.rudimentary

C.elementary

D.essential

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.beyond

B.within

C.in

D.out

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.for

C.to

D.at

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.though

B.although

C.eventhough

D.but

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.studied

B.learned

C.examined

D.investigated

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.cede

B.concede

C.recede

D.retreat

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.for

C.to

D.at

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.register

B.list

C.enlist

D.enroll

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.worth

B.worthof

C.worthwith

D.worthy

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.authentic

B.genuine

C.real

D.true

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.affirm

B.confirm

C.testify

D.verify

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.best

B.correct

C.sound

D.valid

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.while

C.after

D.before

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.explicitly

B.implicitly

C.exultantly

D.introspectively

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.deny

B.deferto

C.conferto

D.referto

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.self-contained

B.self-possessed

C.self-opinionated

D.self-evident

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.where

B.when

C.whether

D.evenif

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.obeys

B.abides

C.follows

D.happens

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.exclusive

B.inclusive

C.scarce

D.reliable

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:C

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】（1）詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)consistin“在于”；選項(xiàng)B和D都表示“由…組成或構(gòu)成”的意思；C選項(xiàng)constitute為及物動(dòng)詞，后面不需要接介詞of。所以只有選項(xiàng)A符合原文。句意：如果領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力，作為其最基本的含義，在于通過他人完成任務(wù)…。

（2）形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)fundamental“基本的，根本的”；B選項(xiàng)rudimentary“初步的”；C選項(xiàng)elementary“初級(jí)的”；D選項(xiàng)essential“必要的”。根據(jù)原文可知，這里指“必要的工具”，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

（3）考查固定搭配。beyondone'sgrasp意為“鞭長(zhǎng)莫及”，原文指“超出能力范圍”。句意：許多高管認(rèn)為，這一工具超出了他們的掌握范圍。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（4）介詞辨析題。beavailablefor指“有效，對(duì)…有用”；beavailableto指“可被...利用或得到的”；選項(xiàng)A和D則無此搭配。句意：（這一工具）只有有魅力和有口才的人才能使用。原文中的主語是“thistool”，工具是被利用，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

（5）考查邏輯連接詞。根據(jù)原文可知，這里應(yīng)填入表示讓步的邏輯關(guān)系連詞，所以首先排除選項(xiàng)D，but表轉(zhuǎn)折。而選項(xiàng)B和C只能位于句首，所以只有選項(xiàng)A正確，though既可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。

（6）邏輯推理題。根據(jù)原文可知，這里指實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)家已經(jīng)研究了一些可靠的方法，所以選項(xiàng)A更符合語境。選項(xiàng)C和D都是調(diào)查的意思，不符合語境。

（7）邏輯推理題。根據(jù)下文的“comply,orchange”可知，填空處應(yīng)填入與這兩個(gè)詞意思相近的單詞。A選項(xiàng)cede“放棄，割讓”；B選項(xiàng)concede“讓步，退讓”；C選項(xiàng)recede“后退，撤回”；D選項(xiàng)retreat“撤退”。選項(xiàng)B更符合語境。

（8）介詞辨析題。besimilarto為固定介詞搭配，意為“與…相似”，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

（9）動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)register“登記”；B選項(xiàng)list“列清單”；C選項(xiàng)enlist“使入伍”；D選項(xiàng)enroll“使加入，招收”。根據(jù)原文句意：明智的管理者會(huì)招募同伴來幫助他們。選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

（10）考查固定搭配。Itisworththetimetodosth.為固定句型，意為“值得花時(shí)間去做某事”，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

（11）近義詞辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“真實(shí)的，真正的”意思，但是根據(jù)原文的語境，這里指的是“給予真誠(chéng)的贊揚(yáng)”。只有選項(xiàng)B有“真誠(chéng)的，誠(chéng)摯的”意思，所以更恰當(dāng)。

（12）動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)affirm“斷言，確認(rèn)”；B選項(xiàng)confirm“確認(rèn)，批準(zhǔn)”；C選項(xiàng)testify“證明，證實(shí)”；D選項(xiàng)verify“核實(shí)，查證”。原文句意：實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了直覺的真理，選項(xiàng)C更符合句意。

（13）考查固定搭配。soundpolicy為固定搭配，意為“明智的做法”。選項(xiàng)C正確。

（14）考查邏輯連接詞。跟據(jù)原文句意：在尋求幫助的同時(shí)給予幫助是一個(gè)明智的做法。選項(xiàng)B符合原文語境。

（15）副詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)explicitly“明確地”；B選項(xiàng)implicitly“含蓄地”；C選項(xiàng)exultantly“歡欣鼓舞地”；D選項(xiàng)introspectively“好反省地”。根據(jù)原文可知，填空處應(yīng)填入和voluntarily“自動(dòng)地，自愿地”意思相近的詞，選項(xiàng)A更符合語境。

（16）詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)deny“否認(rèn)，拒絕”；B選項(xiàng)deferto“尊重，聽從”；C選項(xiàng)conferto“授予，給予”；D選項(xiàng)referto“參考，涉及”。原文指人們很尊重專家。所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

（17）形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)self-contained“獨(dú)立的”；B選項(xiàng)self-possessed“鎮(zhèn)靜的”；C選項(xiàng)self-opinionated“固執(zhí)己見的”；D選項(xiàng)self-evident“不言而喻的”。根據(jù)原文句意：因此，在試圖施加影響之前，高管們應(yīng)該努力建立自己的專長(zhǎng)，而不是想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為這是不言而喻的。選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

（18）考查邏輯連接詞。根據(jù)原文：當(dāng)商品稀缺時(shí)，人們想要更多的商品。When在這里引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

（19）考查固定搭配。Ithappensthat意思是“（有時(shí)、往往）會(huì)發(fā)生；恰巧”。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

（20）名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)exclusive“獨(dú)有的，排外的”；B選項(xiàng)inclusive“包含在內(nèi)的”；C選項(xiàng)scarce“缺乏的，不足的”；D選項(xiàng)reliable“可靠的”。句意：有時(shí)包容性的信息比大量存在的數(shù)據(jù)更有說服力。選項(xiàng)B更符合語境。

4.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositioninabout200wordsunderthefollowingtitle.

EnvironmentalprotectionandSustainableDevelopment

【答案】EnvironmentalprotectionandSustainableDevelopment

Alongwiththeeconomicdevelopment,livingstandard’senhancement,theenvironmentquestionbecomesafocalpointwhichgraduallyattractspeople’sattention.InChina,thisproblemisratherdifferentbecauseofourheavypopulationandrapiddevelopment.Therefore,ourgovernmentputtheenvironmentalprotectionupasabasicstatepolicy.Andthen,Iwouldliketotalkabouttheenvironmentalprotectionofourcountry.

Inmyopinion,theprotectionofenvironmentisastep-by-stepprogress,weneedpatientandcare.Therearethewaysandsuggestionsofprotectingtheenvironment.Thefirstoneistomakeasynchronizationofthebuildandprotectofenvironment.Protecttheanimals,plants,forestsandwatertogetherinsteadofmerelydealwiththedamagedones.Thiscanmakeourenvironmentsustainableandprovidecontinuousrecourses.Secondly,improvepeople’senthusiasmofprotectingtheenvironment.People’ssenseofenvironmentalprotectionandtheirattendancearethemostimportantparts.Wecandomoreadvertisementsandletpeopleknowmoreaboutthis.Thirdly,makethelawsofthispartmorecomplete.Ifwewanttomakeadifferenceintheprotectionofenvironment,weneedthesupportoflaws,andtheycanbeourguarantee.

Weshouldknowtheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionandkeepitclear.Itisinrelationshipwiththedevelopmentofoureconomic,theprogressofthesocietyandthehealthofpeople.Withtheresponsibilityofoursociety,weshoulddoitwellandmakeourenvironmentmorecleanandcomfortable.

5.單選題

The（）manuscriptsarestillabletotellalotabouttheauthorwhocharmedtheworldwithhisworksseveralhundredyearsago.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extended

B.intent

C.extant

D.distant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。extended“延伸的”；intent“專心的；堅(jiān)決的”；extant“現(xiàn)存的；顯著的”；distant“遙遠(yuǎn)的；冷漠的”。句意：這些……手稿仍然能夠告訴我們?cè)S多關(guān)于這位幾百年前用他的作品迷倒世界的作家的事情。由此可知“現(xiàn)存的手稿”更復(fù)合句意。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

（

）atconveyingherunderlyingmessagesthroughtheskilleduseofwordsthatherlecturewasgreetedbystudentswithdeafeningapplause.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sosuccessfulthespeakerwas

B.Sosuccessfulwasthespeaker

C.Thespeakersosuccessful

D.Becausethespeakerwassosuccessful

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這位演講者通過巧妙的語言如此成功地表達(dá)了她的潛在信息，以致她的演講得到學(xué)生們震耳欲聾的掌聲。

語法題。考查部分倒裝。在so...that…句型中,如果so+形容詞提前,句子需要部分倒裝,故選B。

7.翻譯題

B:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

ThisnewnormaloftheChineseeconomywillcontinuetobringmoreopportunitiesoftrade,growth,investmentandcooperationforothercountriesinAsiaandbeyond.Inthecomingfiveyears,ChinawillimportmorethanUS$10trillionofgoods,ChineseinvestmentabroadwillexceedUS$500billion,andmorethan500millionoutboundvisitswillbemadebyChinesetourists.Chinawillsticktoitsbasicstatepolicyofopeningup,improveitsinvestmentclimate,andprotectthelawfulrightsandinterestsofinvestors.Ibelievethattogether,thepeopleofAsiancountriescoulddrivethistrainofAsia’sdevelopmenttotakeAsiatoanevenbrighterfuture.

【答案】中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入新常態(tài)，將繼續(xù)給包括亞洲國(guó)家在內(nèi)的世界各國(guó)提供更多市場(chǎng)、增長(zhǎng)、投資、合作機(jī)遇。未來5年，中國(guó)進(jìn)口商品將超過10萬億美元，對(duì)外投資將超過5000億美元，出境旅游人數(shù)將超過5億人次。中國(guó)將堅(jiān)持對(duì)外開放的基本國(guó)策，不斷完善國(guó)內(nèi)投資環(huán)境，保護(hù)投資者合法權(quán)益。我相信，亞洲各國(guó)人民能夠共同推動(dòng)亞洲發(fā)展的這一列車，把亞洲帶向更加光明的未來。

8.單選題

JackwasabouttoannounceourplanbutI（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cuthimshort

B.gavehimup

C.turnedhimout

D.puthimthrough

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)cutsb.short“打斷某人”；B選項(xiàng)givesb.up“放棄某人”；C選項(xiàng)turnsb.out意為“驅(qū)逐某人”；D選項(xiàng)putsb.through“替某人接通”。由句中的but可知前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，結(jié)合句意可知選A。句意：杰克正要宣布我們的計(jì)劃，但我打斷了他。

9.單選題

Isentinvitationsto80people,（）havereplied.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofwhomonly20ofthem

B.only20ofthemwho

C.ofwhomonly20

D.only20who

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：我邀請(qǐng)了80人,

其中只有20人回復(fù)了。of表從屬關(guān)系,

在這里指80人中的20人,whom指代80

人。選項(xiàng)A重復(fù),

選項(xiàng)C表述正確。

10.單選題

Mrs.Affluenceiswidelyknownasa______whohasgivenmillionsofdollarstocharityandwhosegenerosityhashelpedcountlesspoorpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pauper

B.glutton

C.conformist

D.philanthropist

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.pauper窮人，乞丐B.glutton暴食者，貪食者

C.conformist循規(guī)蹈矩的人D.philanthropist慈善者，博愛主義者

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，who引導(dǎo)的定語從句是修飾空格處的詞語，根據(jù)從句內(nèi)容“她捐獻(xiàn)了數(shù)百萬美元給慈善團(tuán)體，她的慷慨行為已經(jīng)幫助了無數(shù)窮人”可知，空格處填入“慈善家”符合句意。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

11.單選題

Alotofpeopleworkedlonghoursbecausehighunemploymentmeantthattheycouldeasilybe().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distributed

B.appointed

C.transferred

D.replaced

【答案】D

【解析】句意：許多人工作很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，因?yàn)楦呤I(yè)率意味著他們很容易被取代。distributed分散；appointed約定，指定；transferred轉(zhuǎn)移；replaced取代，替代。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.單選題

Mr.DelRiowasaskedtocondensehisreportinordertoallowhisaudiencesometimetoaskquestions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abbreviate

B.expand

C.continue

D.delay

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由后半句“為了使他的聽眾能有時(shí)間提問”可推測(cè)condensehisreport意為濃縮或簡(jiǎn)化他的報(bào)告。abbreviate使縮短，使簡(jiǎn)化；expand擴(kuò)大；continue繼續(xù)；delay延遲。故A項(xiàng)正確。

13.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ThedevelopmentofjazzcanbeseenaspartofthelargercontinuumofAmericanpopularmusic,especiallydancemusic.Inthetwenties,jazzbecamethehottestnewthingindancemusic,muchasragtimehadattheturnofthecentury,andaswouldrhythmandbluesinthefifties,rockinthefifties,anddiscointheseventies.Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstisimprovisation,thechangingofamusicalphraseaccordingtotheplayer’sinspiration.Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.Inearlyjazz,musiciansoftenimprovisedmelodiescollectively,thuscreatingakindofpolyphony.Therewaslittlesoloingassuch,althoughsomeNewOrleansplayers,particularlycometplayerBuddyBolden,achievedlocalfamefortheirabilitytoimproviseasolo.Latertheideaofthechorus-longormulticoursesolotookhold.LouisArmstrong’sinstrumentalbrilliance,demonstratedthroughextendedsolos,wasamajorinfluenceinthisdevelopment.

Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.Unimproved,completelystructuredjazzdoesexist,buttheabilityofthebestjazzmusicianstocreatemusicofgreatcohesionandbeautyduringperformancehasbeenahallmarkofthemusicanditsmajorsourceofinspirationandchange.Theseconddistinguishingcharacteristicofjazzisarhythmicdrivethatwasinitiallycalled“hot”andlater“swing”.Inplayinghot,amusicianconsciouslydepartsfromstrictmetertocreatearelaxedsenseofphrasingthatalsoemphasizestheunderlyingrhythms.(“Rough”toneanduseofmoderatevibratoalsocontributedtoahotsound.)Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.Still,theproclivitytoplayhotdistinguishedthejazzmusicianfromotherinstrumentalists.

1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

2.Accordingtothepassage,jazzmusiciansareabletodemonstratetheirindividualartistrymainlyby?

3.Whichofthefollowingwasthefunctionof“get-off”musicians?

4.Theword“unadorned”isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Thetopicofthepassageisdevelopedprimarilybymeansof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whichearlyjazzmusiciansmostinfluencedrhythmandbluesmusic?

B.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenjazzandotherformsofmusic?

C.WhyisdancingcloselyrelatedtopopularmusicintheUnitedStates?

D.Whatinstrumentscomprisedatypicaljazzbandofthe1920’s?

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.creatingmusicalvariationswhileperforming

B.preparingmusicalarrangements

C.readingmusicwithgreatskill

D.beingabletoplayalltypesofpopularmusic

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Assisttheotherbandmembersinpackingupafteraperformance.

B.Teachdanceroutinescreatedfornewmusic.

C.Leadtheband.

D.Providesoloperformancesinabandororchestra.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.lovely

B.plain

C.disorganized

D.inexpensive

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.dividingthediscussionintotwomajorareas

B.presentingcontrastingpointsofview

C.providingbiographiesoffamousmusician

D.describinghistoricaleventsinsequence

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文中討論了爵士樂和其他形式的音樂，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)將爵士樂和其他形式的音樂區(qū)分開來”，之后的段落就一直圍繞著這兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)展開，由此可知B選項(xiàng)“爵士音樂與其他形式的音樂最大的區(qū)別是什么”符合文章大意，A選項(xiàng)“哪位早期的爵士樂手對(duì)節(jié)奏和藍(lán)調(diào)音樂影響最大”，并沒有談?wù)摵芏鄻肥郑籆選項(xiàng)“為什么美國(guó)的舞蹈和音樂的聯(lián)系那么密切”，文章沒有談及美國(guó)的舞蹈，只開始一句帶過；D選項(xiàng)“什么樂器組成了19世紀(jì)20年代最典型的爵士樂隊(duì)”，樂器方面也并未過多說明。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段提到Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.和所有的藝術(shù)家一樣，爵士音樂家追求自己獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格，即興創(chuàng)作或意譯是爵士音樂家展示自己個(gè)性的主要機(jī)會(huì)。A選項(xiàng)“在表演時(shí)創(chuàng)造音樂的變化”與原文意思相同；B選項(xiàng)“準(zhǔn)備音樂改編”，不是準(zhǔn)備好的音樂，而是即興的；C選項(xiàng)“有技巧的閱讀音樂”并未提及；選項(xiàng)D“能夠演奏所有類型的流行音樂”也不對(duì)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合文章第二段Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.“即使在二十世紀(jì)初，一些爵士樂隊(duì)也有獨(dú)唱的特色。類似地，表演樂團(tuán)和嘉年華樂隊(duì)通常也會(huì)有一兩個(gè)這樣的“get-off”音樂家。”可知，“get-off”音樂家的功能是獨(dú)唱。A選項(xiàng)“演出結(jié)束后，協(xié)助其他樂隊(duì)成員收拾行裝”并未涉及；B選項(xiàng)“教新音樂的舞蹈動(dòng)作”，文中只提到獨(dú)唱并沒有說舞蹈動(dòng)作；C選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)樂隊(duì)”與原文不符；D選項(xiàng)“在樂隊(duì)或管弦樂隊(duì)中提供獨(dú)奏表演”與原文提到的獨(dú)唱特色相對(duì)應(yīng)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:詞義推測(cè)題。由unadorned這個(gè)詞定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.“然而，并不是所有的爵士樂都是熱門的，許多早期的樂隊(duì)演奏的是未經(jīng)修飾的已出版的流行歌曲。”由此可知，unadorned的意思為“未經(jīng)修飾的，樸素的”。A選項(xiàng)“可愛的”意思不同；B選項(xiàng)“平的，普通的，樸素的”與之意思一致；C選項(xiàng)“紊亂的”錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“便宜的”可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。結(jié)合51題內(nèi)容，文中討論了爵士樂和其他形式的音樂，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)將爵士樂和其他形式的音樂區(qū)分開來”，之后的段落就一直圍繞著這兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)展開敘述，所以這篇文章的主題主要是通過分開表述爵士樂區(qū)分其他音樂的兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)展開的。A選項(xiàng)“把討論分成兩個(gè)主要部分”符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“提出相反的觀點(diǎn)”，原文沒有提出其他相反觀點(diǎn)，B錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“提供著名音樂家的傳記”，文中沒有涉及音樂人物傳記；D選項(xiàng)“按順序描述歷史事件”文章并未敘述歷史事件，可以排除。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

SometimesindrawinganddesigningthesignX（）theunknownnumber.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.facilitates

B.fascinates

C.denotes

D.jots

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。facilitate使容易，推動(dòng)；fascinate使著迷，使神魂顛倒；denote指示，表

示；jot略記，摘要記錄下來。句意:有時(shí)候,在繪制和設(shè)計(jì)中,X（）未知的數(shù)字。因此,C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

15.單選題

Itisessentialtobeonthe（）foranysignsofmovementintheundergrowthsincetherearepoisonoussnakesinthearea.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.guard

B.care

C.alert

D.alarm

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查的是固定搭配。根據(jù)句意可知此處要填一個(gè)詞與beonthe...for構(gòu)成搭配，表示“警惕、提防”的意思，care和alarm都不能與之構(gòu)成搭配，beonthealertfor是固定搭配表示“警惕、提防”的意思，guard通常的用法是beonguardfor，guard的前面不需要加定冠詞the，所以此處應(yīng)該選擇alert，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

16.單選題

Aspoliticalfanatic,hehasfoughtwithrevolutionariesallovertheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incumbent

B.candidate

C.zealot

D.jealousy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)incumbent“在職者，現(xiàn)任者”，B項(xiàng)candidate“候選人，候補(bǔ)者”，C項(xiàng)zealot“狂熱者，猶太教狂熱信徒”，D項(xiàng)jealousy“嫉妒，猜忌”。句意：作為一個(gè)政治狂熱分子，他曾與世界各地的革命者斗爭(zhēng)過。根據(jù)句意可知，fanatic在句中表示“狂熱分子”。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

Mothertoldmethatthemostimportantthingofchoosingapieceofclothisits（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.style

B.texture

C.textile

D.content

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)style“風(fēng)格，類型”；B選項(xiàng)texture“質(zhì)地，紋理，結(jié)構(gòu)”；C選項(xiàng)textile“紡織品”；D選項(xiàng)content“內(nèi)容，滿足”。句意：母親告訴我，挑選一塊布最重要的是看它的質(zhì)地。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

18.單選題

It’snoteasytofindasolutiontothecountry’slabor（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decline

B.vacancy

C.rarity

D.shortage

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)decline“下降，衰退”；B選項(xiàng)vacancy“空缺”；C選項(xiàng)rarity“罕見，珍貴”；D選項(xiàng)shortage“短缺”。句意：要找到解決國(guó)家勞動(dòng)力短缺的辦法并不容易。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

19.單選題

Theymadedetailedinvestigationsto（）themselveswiththeneedsofthe

ruralmarket.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adhere

B.acknowledge

C.acquaint

D.activate

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。此處為固定搭配，acquaintwith意為“熟悉，了解”。

20.單選題

Thegoodnewsisthatcreativitytrainingthatalignswiththenewscienceworkssurprisinglywell.TheUniversityofOklahoma,theUniversityofGeorgia,andTaiwan’sNationalChengchiUniversityeachindependentlyconductedalarge-scaleanalysisofsuchprograms.Allthreeteamsofscholarsconcludedthatcreativitytrainingcanhaveastrongeffect.“Creativitycanbetaught.”saysJamesC.Kaufman,professoratCaliforniaStateUniversity,SanBernardino.

What’scommonaboutsuccessfulprogramsistheyalternatemaximumdivergentthinkingwithboutsofintenseconvergentthinking,throughseveralstages.Realimprovementdoesn’thappeninaweekendworkshop.Butwhenappliedtotheeverydayprocessofworkorschool,brainfunctionimproves.

SowhatdoesthismeanforAmerica’sstandards-obsessedschools?Thekeyisinhowkidsworkthroughthevastcatalogofinformation.ConsidertheNationalInventorsHallofFameSchool,anewpublicmiddleschoolinAkron,Ohio.MindfulofOhio’scurriculumrequirements,theschool’steacherscameupwithaprojectforthefifthgraders:figureouthowtoreducethenoiseinthelibrary.Itswindowsfacedapublicspaceand,evenwhenclosed,letthroughtoomuchnoise.Thestudentshadfourweekstodesignproposals.

Workinginsmallteams,thefifthgradersfirstengagedinwhatcreativitytheoristDonaldTreffingerdescribesasfact-finding.Howdoessoundtravelthroughmaterials?Whatmaterialsreducenoisethemost?Then,problemfinding—anticipatingallpotentialpitfallssotheirdesignsaremorelikelytowork.Next,idea-findinggenerateasmanyideasaspossible.Drapes,plants,orlargekiteshungfromtheceilingwouldallbafflesound.Or,insteadofreducingthesound,maybemaskitbyplayingthesoundofgentlewaterfall?Aproposalfordouble-panedglassevolvedintoanideatofillthespacebetweenpaneswithwater.Next,solution-finding:whichideaswerethemosteffective,cheapest,andaestheticallypleasing?Fiberglassabsorbedsoundthebestbutwouldn’tbesafe.Wouldanaquariumwithfishbeeasierthanwater-filledpanes?

Thenteamsdevelopedaplanofaction.Theybuiltscalemodelsandchosefabricsamples.Theyrealizedthey’dneedtopersuadeajanitortocarefortheplantsandfishduringvacation.Teamspersuadedotherstosupportthem—sometimessowell,teamsdecidedtocombineprojects.Finally,theypresenteddesignstoteachers,parents,andJimWest,inventoroftheelectricmicrophone.

51.Thegoodnewsaboutthethreeteams’conclusionisthat______.

52.Accordingtothepassagetheimprovementofdivergentandconvergentthinkingtakeplace______.

53.ThesubjectsoftheprojectinanAmerica’sstandards-obsessedschoolare______.

54.Accordingtotheauthor,theteamsintheschoolprojecthavegonethroughthefollowingstepsexcept______.

55.WhatwasindicatedfromthetactthattheteamspresenteddesignstoJimWest,inventoroftheelectricmicrophone?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.large-scaleanalysishasbeenconducted

B.threeuniversitiesallreachedtheirconclusions

C.creativetrainingcoincidewithnewscienceworks

D.creativetrainingcanbestronglyaffected

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.indifferentstages

B.duringexperiment

C.onweekendworkshop

D.inroutineworkorschool

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thefifthgraders

B.thescientists

C.thewindows

D.theproposals

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.findingfacts

B.findingplans

C.findingideas

D.findingsolutions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theteamsneedtomakeaconsultation.

B.Theteamswouldliketopersuadehim.

C.Thedesignsoftheteamsreachedahighlevel.

D.Thedesignsoftheteamsgothissupport.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】51.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干的意思是“關(guān)于這三個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的結(jié)論，好消息是什么？”。從第一段Thegoodnewsisthatcreativitytrainingthatalignswiththenewscienceworkssurprisinglywell.（好消息是與技術(shù)學(xué)結(jié)盟的創(chuàng)造性訓(xùn)練效果出乎意料的好）和后面三個(gè)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)得出的結(jié)論Creativitycanbetaught.（創(chuàng)造力可以被教授），可以得出關(guān)于這三個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的結(jié)論的好消息是創(chuàng)造性訓(xùn)練與新的科技相吻合；A選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模分析”和B選項(xiàng)“三個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)都得出了結(jié)論”不是關(guān)于結(jié)論的好消息，D選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造力能夠被強(qiáng)烈的影響”不夠具體，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

52.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干的意思是“分散和聚合思維發(fā)生在哪里？”。第二段提到Realimprovementdoesn’thappeninaweekendworkshop.Butwhenappliedtotheeverydayprocessofworkorschool,brainfunctionimproves.（真正的進(jìn)步不會(huì)發(fā)生在周末的研討會(huì)上。但如果應(yīng)用到日常工作或?qū)W習(xí)過程中，大腦功能就會(huì)得到提高）；由此推斷分散和聚合思維發(fā)生在日常工作和學(xué)習(xí)中，A項(xiàng)“不同階段”沒有提到；B項(xiàng)“實(shí)驗(yàn)中”包括在學(xué)校工作里面；C項(xiàng)“周末研討會(huì)”錯(cuò)誤。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

53.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干的意思是“課題的主題是什么？”。第三段提到theschool’steacherscameupwithaprojectforthefifthgraders:figureouthowtoreducethenoiseinthelibrary.Itswindowsfacedapublicspaceand,evenwhenclosed,letthroughtoomuchnoise.Thestudentshadfourweekstodesignproposals.（學(xué)校的老師們給五年級(jí)的學(xué)生們提出了一個(gè)課題：如何減少圖書館的噪音。它的窗戶面向公共空間，即使關(guān)上了仍然有很大的噪音。學(xué)生們有四周的時(shí)間來設(shè)計(jì)方案）；由此可知課題是就如何減少圖書館的噪音做方案。A項(xiàng)是“五年級(jí)”，B項(xiàng)是“科學(xué)家”，C項(xiàng)是“窗戶”，D項(xiàng)是“方案”；因此D項(xiàng)正確。

54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干的意思是“根據(jù)作者，在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，五年級(jí)學(xué)生團(tuán)隊(duì)做以下幾個(gè)步驟除了……以外？”。第四段講述的都是五年級(jí)團(tuán)隊(duì)為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目所做的一些行動(dòng)，文中提到了fact-finding,problem-finding,idea-finding和solution-finding，由此可知只有B項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)計(jì)劃”沒有提到，所以此題選B選項(xiàng)。

55.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干的意思是“小組把設(shè)計(jì)方案提交給JimWest暗示了什么？”。最后一段指出Teamspersuadedotherstosupportthem—sometimessowell,teamsdecidedtocombineprojects.Finally,theypresenteddesignstoteachers,parents,andJimWest,inventoroftheelectricmicrophone.（團(tuán)隊(duì)說服了其他團(tuán)隊(duì)支持他們，有時(shí)候情況好到各團(tuán)隊(duì)決定把設(shè)計(jì)方案結(jié)合在一起；最后，他們向老師、家長(zhǎng)和電子麥克風(fēng)的發(fā)明者吉姆?韋斯特（JimWest）展示了設(shè)計(jì)方案），可以推測(cè)，他們是想要咨詢老師，父母和JimWest的意見，B項(xiàng)“團(tuán)隊(duì)說服了Jim”、C項(xiàng)“設(shè)計(jì)方案達(dá)到了更高的級(jí)別”和D項(xiàng)“團(tuán)隊(duì)得到了Jim的支持”均未提到。因此此題選A選項(xiàng)。

21.單選題

Fredhasa(n)（）kindofhumorthatcanonlybeappreciatedbythosewillingtosearchbeneaththesurface.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obvious

B.hidden

C.subtle

D.controlled

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:obvious“明顯的；顯著的；平淡無奇的”；B:hidden“隱藏的”；C:subtle“微妙的；細(xì)微的”；D:controlled“受控制的；受約束的”。句意：那些愿意了解深層意思的人才會(huì)欣賞到Fred的微妙幽默。結(jié)合此處語義，C為正確答案。

22.翻譯題

1999年，中國(guó)開始進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì)。2004年年底,60歲以上的人口達(dá)到1.43億，占全國(guó)人口總數(shù)的10.97%。至此，中國(guó)成為世界上擁有最多老齡人口的國(guó)家。有專家說1990年到2033年是中國(guó)的“人口紅利”(populationbonus)期,出生率下降，老齡人口還不算太多，這一時(shí)期是有助于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的。

2010年到2013年中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力人口將達(dá)到9億人，在這之后“紅利”會(huì)變成“赤字”，也就是說，這以后需要照顧的老齡人口會(huì)迅速增加。據(jù)說2030年后的二十年是中國(guó)老齡化最嚴(yán)峻的時(shí)期。因此，要做好充分準(zhǔn)備，好好利用人口紅利期來解決嚴(yán)重的老齡化問題。

有報(bào)告稱，中國(guó)是