書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-廈門海洋職業技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversiononAnswerSheet.(10%)

Likethepopulationexplosion,thescientificandtechnologicalrevolutionbegantopickupspeedslowlyduringtheeighteenthcentury.Andthisongoingrevolutionhasalsosuddenlyacceleratedexponentially.Forexample,itisnowanaxiominmanyfieldsofsciencethatmorenewandimportantdiscoverieshavetakenplaceinthelasttenyearsthanintheentireprevioushistoryofscience.Whilenosinglediscoveryhashadthekindofeffectonourrelationshiptotheearththatnuclearweaponshavehadonourrelationshiptowarfare,itisneverthelesstruethattakentogether,theyhavecompletelytransformedourcumulativeabilitytoexploittheearthforsustenance—makingtheconsequencesofunrestrainedexploitationeverybitasunthinkableastheconsequencesofunrestrainednuclearwar.

【答案】和人口爆炸一樣，科技革命在十八世紀開始慢慢加速。之后這場正在進行的革命也突然呈指數地加速。例如，在過去十年中發生的重大新發現比以往整個科學史上的發現都要多，這已成為許多科學領域的一個公理。雖然沒有任何一項發現產生了像核武器對我們與戰爭的關系所產生的影響一樣，對我們與地球的關系產生了如此大的影響，但總的來說，它們完全改變了我們為維持生存而不斷積累的開采地球的能力，這使得無節制開采的后果與無節制的核戰爭的后果一樣難以想象。

2.寫作題

Asthesocietydevelops,interpersonalrelationshipsaregettingmoreandmoreindifferent.Pleasemakecommentonthephenomena.

【答案】Itseemsveryridiculousthatpeoplelivingsoneardon’tknoweachotherforsuchalongtime.However,theconditionisperformedeverywhere.Itistheexactreflectionofinterpersonalrelationshipsinthemodemworldwheremostpeopleliveinapartments.Theyclosetheirdoorsandnevergooutassoonastheygethomefromwork.Iftheylivealone,theywillkilltheirtimebywatchingTVorreadingmagazines.Theydon’thaveanyconnectionsevenwiththeirclosestneighbors，whoseemnodifferentfrompeopletheymeeteverydayinthestreet.

Thisphenomenonisneithergoodtous,nortooursociety.Peoplewillfeellonelyandbecomemoreandmoreindifferentsothatinterpersonalrelationshipsarenotharmonious.Interpersonalcommunicationisveryimportanttous.Firstly,itisessentialforourphysicalwell-being.Lackofcommunicationshowsawiderangeofmedicalhazards.Sociallyisolatedpeoplearefoundtobetwoorthreetimesmorelikelytosufferfrompoorhealththanthosewithstrongsocialties.Steadyinterpersonalcommunicationcontributestothelongevityofourlives.Secondly,interpersonalcommunicationenablesustohaveasenseofouridentity.Deprivedofcommunicationwithothers,wecanhardlyhaveaclearideaofidentity.Oursenseofidentitycomesfromthewayweinteractwithotherpeople.Wedecidewhatwearelikebasedonhowothersreacttous.Inourlifeweneedtofeelasenseofbelongingtosomepersonalrelationship.Weneedtoinfluenceothersandfeelsomesenseofpoweroverourworld,andtocareforothersandknowthattheycareforus,thustohaveasenseofaffectionandfriendship.Lastly,interpersonalcommunicationisthemeansofimportantinformationineveryrespect,whichmakesuswellinformedandhelpsustogrow.

Tosumup,interpersonalcommunicationisjustasnecessaryaswaterandairtousinourworkandlife.Weshouldpaygreatattentiontotheamountofinterpersonalcommunicationaswellastothewaysofdoingit.Properandskillfulinterpersonalcommunicationwillsatisfyourphysicalneeds,psychologicalneeds,socialneedsandpracticalneeds.

3.單選題

Wehaveknownforalongtimethattheorganizationofanyparticularsocietyisinfluencedbythedefinitionofthesexesandthedistinctiondrawnbetweenthem.Butwehaverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown,andthatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdif-ferenttypesofcultureknowntous,thatis,scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions.Ourna-tureisnotconsideredasimmutable,eithersociallyorbiologically.Asweapproachthebeginningofthe21stcentury,thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallengingtheroles,responsibilitiesandspecificcharacteristicsattributedtoeachsex,andyet,scarcelytwentyyearsago,thesewerethoughttobe“beyonddispute”.

Wecansafelysay，withafewminorexceptions,thatthedefinitionofthesexesandtheirrespec-tivefunctionsremainedunchangedintheWestfromthebeginningofthe19thcenturytothe1960s.Theroledistinction,raisedinsomecasestothestatusofuncompromisingdualismonastronglyhier-archicalmodel,lastedthroughoutthisperiod,appealingforitsjustificationtonature,religionandcustomsallegedtohaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanborechildrenandtookcareofthehome.Themansetouttoconquertheworldandwasresponsibleforthesurvivalofhisfamily,bysat-isfyingtheirneedsinpeacetimeandgoingtowarwhennecessary.

Theentireworldorderrestedonthedivergenceofthesexes.Anyoverlappingorconfusionbe-tweentheroleswasseenasathreattothetime-honoredorderofthings.Itwasfelttobeagainstna-ture,adeviationfromthenorm.

Sexrolesweredeterminedaccordingtothe“place”appropriatetoeach.Women’splacewas,firstandforemost,inthehome.Theoutsideworld,i.e.workshops,factoriesandbusinessfirms,be-longedtomen.Thissex-baseddivisionoftheworld(privateandpublic)gaverisetoastrictdichoto-mybetweentheattitudes,whichconferredoneachitsspecialidentity.Thewoman,sequesteredathome,“cared,nurturedandconserved?Todothis,shehadnoneedtobedaring,ambitious,toughorcompetitive.Theman,ontheotherhand,competingwithhisfellowmen,wascaughtupev-erydayinthestruggleforsurvival,andhencedevelopedthosecharacteristicswhichwerethoughtnat-uralinaman.

Today,manywomengoouttowork,andtheirreasonsfordoingsohavechangedconsiderably.Besidesthetraditionalfinancialincentives,wefindambitionandpersonalfulfillmentmotivatingthoseinthemostfavorablecircumstances,andthewishtohaveasociallifeandtogetoutoftheirdomesticisolationinfluencingothers.Aboveall，forallwomen,workisinvariablyconnectedwiththedesireforindependence.

1.Itisonlyinrecentyearsthatwehaverecognizedthat（）

2.Fromparagraph1wecaninferthatitisnowpossibleforwomentoembarkonacareer

because（）

3.TheauthorbelievesthatsexdiscriminationintheWestbeforethe1960swas（）

4.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,theauthorseemstothinkthat（）

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantreasonforwomentogotowork?

問題1選項

A.thereisalmostnocluetotheidentityofbothsexes

B.theroledistinctionbetweendifferentsexesisconspicuous

C.thedifferentdefinitionsofsexesbearsonthedevelopmentofculture

D.theprogressofcivilizationgreatlyinfluencestheroledefinitionsofsexes

問題2選項

A.thechangeinsexrolesisoutofthequestion

B.women’slibhasbeengoingonformanyyears

C.ideasabouttherolesofwomenhavebeenchanging

D.theexpansionofsciencesscarcelyremoldsthewomen’sroles

問題3選項

A.preferable

B.prevalent

C.presumable

D.precedent

問題4選項

A.femalepassivityisnatural

B.menandwomenarephysicallyidentical

C.menareborncompetitiveandaggressive

D.somedifferentsexidentityisacquired

問題5選項

A.Wishtoclaimtheirrightsandfreedom.

B.Ambitionandself-fulfillment.

C.Financialincentives.

D.Desireforasociallife.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節題。根據題干關鍵詞“inrecentyearsthatwehaverecognized”定位至第一段：Butwehaverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown,andthatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdifferenttypesofcultureknowntous,thatis,scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions（但直到最近，我們才意識到，每一種性別的身份并不容易被確定下來，而且定義是根據我們所知的不同類型的文化，即科學發現和意識形態革命而演變的）。因此，D項正確。

2.細節題。定位至第一段：Asweapproachthebeginningofthe21stcentury,thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallengingtheroles,responsibilitiesandspecificcharacteristicsattributedtoeachsex,andyet,scarcelytwentyyearsago,thesewerethoughttobe“beyonddispute”（在接近21世紀初的時候，生物學和遺傳學取得的實質性進展正在從根本上挑戰每一性別所扮演的角色、責任和特定特征，然而，就在20年前，這些被認為是“無可爭議的”）。因此，C項（關于婦女角色的觀念一直在改變）正確。

3.語義題。根據題干關鍵詞“sexdiscriminationintheWestbeforethe1960s”定位至第二段：...lastedthroughoutthisperiod,appealingforitsjustificationtonature,religionandcustomsallegedtohaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanborechildrenandtookcareofthehome，因此這種性別差異一直以來都存在。Preferable略勝一籌的；prevalent普遍存在的；presumable可推測的；precedent在先的。因此，B項正確。

4.細節題。定位至第四段，作者認為性別分工及性格形成并不是自然而然的事情。因此，D項（一些性別身份的不同是后天獲得的）正確。

5.細節題。定位至最后一段：Aboveall,forallwomen,workisinvariablyconnectedwiththedesireforindependence（對于所有女性來說，工作是想要獨立）。因此，A項（希望獲得權力和自由）概括全面。

4.單選題

Inspiteoftheattractions,Guidehasnotadoptedthisuniformapproach,mainlybecauseunifyingratherdifferenttypesofobjectsdoesnot（

）simplicity.

問題1選項

A.makefor

B.makeup

C.makeoff

D.makeout

【答案】A

【解析】考察動詞詞組辨析。makefor“有助于；造就”；makeup“構成；編造”；makeoff“匆忙離開”；makeout“理解；辨認”。句意：...原因在于將不同類型的對象統一起來并不能夠有助于簡化。選項A符合句意。

5.單選題

TheAppleProject,code-named“Titan”,employedseveralhundredpeopleworkingafewmilesfromApple’sheadquartersinCupertino,and（）autoindustryexperts.

問題1選項

A.allowed

B.sponsored

C.gathered

D.recruited

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項allowed表示“允許，承認，接受”，B選項sponsored表示“贊助，發起，籌款”，C選項gathered表示“聚集，集中”，D選項recruited表示“招聘，雇傭，招募”。分析句子結構可知，空缺處缺少部分為句子謂語動詞。由前文關鍵信息“employedseveralhundredpeople”可知，后文也應表示“招聘了一些自動化專家”，因此本題正確答案為D選項。

6.單選題

Hackersneverwerepartofthemainstreamestablishment,buttheircurrentreputationasvillainsofcyberspaceisafarcryfromtheearlydayswhen,firstandforemost,theywereseenasardentifquirkyprogrammers,capableofnear-miraculous,unorthodoxfeatsofmachinemanipulation.Buttheshiftinpopularperceptiontohackersasdeviantsandcriminalsisimportantnotonlybecauseitaffectsthehackersthemselvesandtheextraordinaryculturethathasgrownaroundthem,butbecauseitreflectsshiftsinthedevelopment,governance,andmeaningofthenewinformationtechnology.

InHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolution,StevenLevytracestherootsofevolvinghackercommunitiestotheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinthelate1950s.Here,coremembersoftheTechModelRailroadClub“discovered”computersfirstasatoolforenhancingtheirbelovedmodelrailroadsandthenasobjectsofpassionintheirownright.TheyturnedtheirconsiderablecreativeenergiestothetaskofbuildingandprogrammingMIT'searlymainframesinuneasybutrelativelypeacefulcoexistencewithformalemployeesoftheuniversity'stechnicalstaff.

Formidableprogrammers,thesehackersproducedanddebuggedcomputercodesatanastonishingrate.Theyhelpeddevelophardwareandsoftwareforexistingcomputerfunctionsandinventednovelalgorithmsandapplicationsthatwereincorporatedintosubsequentgenerationsofcomputers.Thesenovelfunctionsnotonlyextendedrecreationalcapabilities—gaming,virtualreality,anddigitizedmusic一butalsoincreasedpracticalcapabilitiessuchasthecontrolofrobotsandprocessingspeeds.Obsessiveworkalsoyieldedahostofbasicsystemsubroutinesandutilitiesthatpushedoperatingcapacitiesandefficiencytonewheights,andbecameafundamentalpartofwhatweexperienceeverytimewesitinfrontofacomputer.

Thisbookdescribeslegendaryhackingbinges—daysandnightswithlittleornosleep—leadingtoproductsthatsurprisedandsometimesannoyedcolleaguesinmainstreamacademicandresearchpositions.“Thepurehack”didnotrespectprescribedmethodsortheory-driven,top-downapproachestocomputerscienceandengineering.Theunconventionallifestyledidnotseemtoputoffadherents,eventhoughitcouldbeprettyunwholesome:adisregardforpatternsofnightandday,adietofjunk-food,inattentiontopersonalappearanceandhygiene,andthevirtualabsenceofanylifeoutsideofhacking.

Itwasnotonlysingle-mindedattachmenttotheircraftthatdefinedtheseearlybackersbuttheirespousalofanideologyinformallycalledthe“hackerethic.”Thiscreedincludedseveralelements:commitmenttototalandfreeaccesstocomputersandinformation,beliefinimmensepowersofcomputerstoimprovepeople'slivesandcreateartandbeauty,disdainforobstacleserectedagainstfreeaccesstocomputing,andaninsistencethathackersbeevaluatedbynoothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment.Inotherwords,thecultureofhackingincorporatedpoliticalandmoralvaluesaswellastechnicalends.

1.TherelationshipbetweenthehackercommunityandMITadministrationinthelate1950scanbebestdescribedas（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueinthispassage?

3.ThelifestyleofhackersdescribedinHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolutionis（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthehackerethic?

問題1選項

A.ongoodterms

B.somewhatunsettled

C.hostile

D.tricky

問題2選項

A.Existingcomputerfunctionshavebeenimprovedwiththehelpofhackers.

B.Hacker'seffortshavecontributedtoincreasingcapabilitiesofourcomputerinseveralways.

C.Hackersaregenerallytakenasillegalinthepast.

D.Hackersbelievethattheirtechnicalaccomplishmentistheonlycriterionforevaluatingthem.

問題3選項

A.unconventional

B.innovative

C.annoying

D.outofdate

問題4選項

A.Strongwilltoovercomedifficultiesthatstandintheway.

B.Devotiontogetfreeaccesstoinformation.

C.Concentrationontheimprovementoftheircraft.

D.Immensepowertocreateartandbeauty.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.TherelationshipbetweenthehackercommunityandMITadministrationinthelate1950scanbebestdescribedas______.1.20世紀50年代末，黑客團體和麻省理工學院管理部門之間的關系可以用______來描述。

A.ongoodtermsA.關系和睦的

B.somewhatunsettledB.有點不穩定的

C.hostileC.敵對的

D.trickyD.非常微妙的

【考查點】事實細節題。

【解題思路】根據第二段的最后一句“他們把大量的創造力投入到建造和編程MIT早期的大型機的任務中，與大學的技術人員在不穩定但相對和睦的環境中共存（inuneasybutrelativelypeacefulcoexistence）”，從中可知，20世紀50年代末，黑客團體和MIT之間的關系是相當和睦的。A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B項“有點不穩定的”在文中雖然提及，但并不是重點之處，屬于本末倒置；

C項“敵對的”與原文相反，反向干擾；

D項“非常微妙的”沒提及，無中生有。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueinthispassage?2.下面哪一項在這段話中是不正確的？

A.Existingcomputerfunctionshavebeenimprovedwiththehelpofhackers.A.在黑客的幫助下，現有的計算機功能得到了改進。

B.Hacker’seffortshavecontributedtoincreasingcapabilitiesofourcomputerinseveralways.B.黑客的努力在幾個方面幫助我們提高了計算機的性能。

C.Hackersaregenerallytakenasillegalinthepast.C.在過去，黑客通常被認為是非法的。

D.Hackersbelievethattheirtechnicalaccomplishmentistheonlycriterionforevaluatingthem.D.黑客相信他們的技術成就是評價他們的唯一標準。

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據第一段首句“黑客從來都不是主流機構的一部分，但他們目前作為網絡空間惡棍的名聲，與早期的情形相去甚遠，當時，他們首先被視為熱情而古怪的程序員，能夠近乎奇跡般地完成非正統的機器操作壯舉。”，從中可知，在過去，黑客是被視為熱情而古怪的程序員，且技術精通；并且本文主要不是講黑客犯罪或其他黑歷史，而是講早前的黑客其實與現在大不同，C項“在過去，黑客通常被認為是非法的”與全文基調不符。故該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“在黑客的幫助下，現有的計算機功能得到了改進”和B項“黑客的努力在幾個方面幫助我們提高了計算機的性能”從原文第三段可以得知，第三段提到黑客幫助開發了用于現有計算機功能的硬件和軟件，并發明了新的算法和應用程序，而且還擴展了計算機的許多功能，他們還將計算機操作能力和效率推到了新的高度，所以該兩項符合原文，屬于反向干擾；

D項“黑客相信他們的技術成就是評價他們的唯一標準”根據末段倒數第二句“……他們堅信評估黑客的標準只有精湛的技術和成就（hackersbeevaluatedbynoothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment）”，所以該項也符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.ThelifestyleofhackersdescribedinHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolutionis______.3.《黑客：計算機革命的英雄》中描述的黑客的生活方式是______。

A.unconventionalA.非常規的，非傳統的

B.innovativeB.創新的

C.annoyingC.令人討厭的

D.outofdateD.過時的

【考查點】事實細節題。

【解題思路】根據倒數第二段最后一句“這種非傳統的生活方式（Theunconventionallifestyle）似乎并沒有讓追隨者們反感……”，從中可知，黑客的生活方式是非傳統的。A項正確。

【干擾項排除】B項“創新的”、C項“令人討厭的”和D項“過時的”根據解題思路可知，曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthehackerethic?4.以下哪一項包含在黑客倫理中？

A.Strongwilltoovercomedifficultiesthatstandintheway.A.克服阻礙前進的困難的堅強意志。

B.Devotiontogetfreeaccesstoinformation.B.致力于免費獲取信息。

C.Concentrationontheimprovementoftheircraft.C.專注于提高他們的技藝。

D.Immensepowertocreateartandbeauty.D.創造藝術和美的巨大力量。

【考查點】事實細節題。

【解題思路】根據關鍵詞hackerethic定位至最后一段第二句“這個信條包括幾個要素：承諾免費使用電腦和信息（totalandfreeaccesstocomputersandinformation），相信計算機的巨大力量（beliefinimmensepowersofcomputers）可以改善人們的生活以及創造藝術和美麗，蔑視針對自由訪問計算而設置的障礙（disdainforobstacleserectedagainstfreeaccesstocomputing），和堅持評估黑客的標準只有精湛的技術和成就（insistencethathackersbeevaluatedbyothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment）”，從中可知，B項“致力于免費獲取信息”是包含在黑客倫理里面的。故該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“克服阻礙前進的困難的堅強意志”原文沒有提及，無中生有；

C項“專注于提高他們的技藝”，原文是堅持評估黑客的標準只有精湛的技術和成就，并沒有說明他們要專注于提高技藝，曲解原文；

D項“創造藝術和美的巨大力量”，原文是“計算機的巨大力量（immensepowersofcomputers）”，并不是藝術和美的巨大力量，屬于曲解原文。

7.單選題

There'sabuzzintheairattheElDiabloCoffeeCo.inSeattle,andit'snotjustcomingfromthearomaoftheshop'sCuban-stylecoffeedrinks.OnarecentWednesdayevening,asmostcustomerssatquietlyreadingbooksortappingawayontheirlaptopcomputers,about15peoplegatheredinacirclediscussingphilosophy.“Whatisawell-livedlife?”askedone,asthegroupenjoyedanintellectualhigh.

KnownasaSocratesCafe,thegroupatElDiabloisjustoneof150orsothatmeetincoffeeshops,bookstores,libraries,churchesandcommunitycentersacrossthecountry.FoundedbyChristopherPhillips,aformerjournalistandteacher,thecafesaredesignedtogetpeopletalkingaboutphilosophicalissues.UsingakindofSocraticmethod,theyencouragepeopletodeveloptheirviewsbyposingquestions,beingopentochallengesandconsideringalternativeanswers.AdheringtoSocrates’beliefthattheunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving,thecafesfocusonexchangingideas,notusingthemtopummelotherparticipants.

“Insteadofjustyellingbackandforth,wetakeafewstepsbackandexaminepeople'sunderlyingvalues.Peoplecanaskwhytotheirheart'scontent^’’saysPhilips,whosemostrecentbookSixQuestionsofSocrates,cameoutearlierthisyear.

Whileamodern-daydiscussiongroupbasedontheteachingsofathinkerfromthe5thcenturyB.C.mayseemweirdlyoutdated,SocratesCafeshavefoundasurprisinglylargeanddiversefollowing.“Peoplewhogetoffonideascometothis,”saysFredKorn,65,aretiredphilosophyprofessor,whoattendstheWednesday-nightmeetingsatElDiablo.“Outsideofcollege,there'renotalotofopportunitiestogettogetherwithpeoplewhowanttotalkaboutideas.”

ForPhilips,thedialoguegroupsareaboutmuchmorethangoodconversation.“It'sgrass-rootsdemocracy.”hesays.“It'sonlyinagroupsettingthatpeoplecanhashouttheirideasabouthowweshouldactnotjustasanindividualbutasasociety.”Toavoiddivisivedead-endarguments,thecafesfrequentlyturncurrenteventsintobroaderphilosophicalquestions.Forexample,insteadofarguingaboutwhethergaycouplesshouldmarry,agroupasked,“whatisanexcellentmarriage?”

WhilePhillipsbelievesthecafescanbenefitanyone,oneofhisfavoritegroupsischildren.Philosophyisimportantforkidsofallages,Philipsays,because“itgivesthemthisgreatchancetoshapetheirmoralcode,tofigureoutclearlywhotheyareandwhotheywanttobe...Thewholeideaisnotthatwehavetofindafinalanswer;it’sthatwekeepthinkingaboutthesethings.”Onequestionatatime.

1.BydescribingthesceneoftheElDiabloCoffee,theauthorimpliesthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thediscussiongroupholdsthat（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,SocratesCafesare（）.

4.Thediscussiongroupusuallyavoidstalkingaboutcurrenteventsinorderto（）.

5.Bymentioning“Onequestionatatime”inthelastsentence,theauthormeansthatchildrenshould

（）.

問題1選項

A.theElDiabloCoffeeisthefirstCafewherepeoplemeettodiscussphilosophy

B.discussiongroupsbasedontheteachingsofSocratesarerevivingatcafes

C.whenthinkingaboutthemeaningoflife,peopleoftenenjoyhighspirits

D.manypeopleenjoydiscussingphilosophy,especiallytheteachingsofSocrates

問題2選項

A.peopleshouldattackothers’views

B.peopleshouldchallengetheauthority

C.peopleshouldhelpothers

D.peopleshouldmeditateontheirlife

問題3選項

A.welcomedbyalargenumberofoverseasvisitors

B.consideredgoodplacestotalkaboutphilosophy

C.placeswherepeoplearefreetoaskallkindsofquestions

D.placeswherepeoplearefreetocriticizeothers’views

問題4選項

A.preventunsolvabledispute

B.wardofftendersubjects

C.studyphilosophicalquestions

D.focusongeneraltopics

問題5選項

A.askonequestionatatime

B.thinkaboutonequestionatatime

C.discussonequestionatatime

D.answeronequestionatatime

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節事實題。題目問的是“通過描繪咖啡店的場面，作者暗示了什么？”文章第四段第一句話提到“雖然一個以公元前5世紀思想家教義為基礎的現代討論組織可能古怪過時，但是蘇格拉底咖啡館卻意外地吸引了一大群形形色色的追隨者”（Whileamodern-daydiscussiongroupbasedontheteachingsofathinkerfromthe5thcenturyB.C.mayseemweirdlyoutdated,SocratesCafeshavefoundasurprisinglylargeanddiversefollowing），由此可知選項D“很多人喜歡討論哲學，尤其是蘇格拉底的教義”符合題意。

2.細節事實題。題目問的是“根據文章可知，討論組織持有什么觀點？”文章第二段最后一句話提到“秉承蘇格拉底的信念，‘未經審視的生活不值得過下去’，咖啡館專注于交換想法，而不是用它們來打擊其他參與者”（AdheringtoSocrates’beliefthattheunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving,thecafesfocusonexchangingideas,notusingthemtopummelotherparticipants），由此可知選項D“人們應該沉思他們的生活”符合題意。

3.細節事實題。題目問的是“根據文章可知，蘇格拉底咖啡是……”。文章第二段第二句話提到“咖啡館是由前記者兼教師Christopher創辦，旨在讓人們談論哲學問題”（FoundedbyChristopherPhillips,aformerjournalistandteacher,thecafesaredesignedtogetpeopletalkingaboutphilosophicalissues），因此選項B“被認為是一個談論哲學的好去處”符合題意。

4.細節事實題。題目問的是“討論組時常避免談論時事是為了……”。文章第五段提到“為了避免陷入無休止的爭論，咖啡館經常將時事轉變成更廣的哲學問題”（Toavoiddivisivedead-endarguments,thecafesfrequentlyturncurrenteventsintobroaderphilosophicalquestions），因此選項A符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章最后一行提到‘一次一個問題’，作者認為孩子們應該……”。文章最后一段提到這給他們（孩子們）一個很好的機會來塑造他們的道德準則，弄清楚他們是誰，他們想成為誰。整個想法并不是說我們必須找到一個最終的答案，而是我們一直在想這些事情（Thewholeideaisnotthatwehavetofindafinalanswer;it'sthatwekeepthinkingaboutthesethings），隨后提出onequestionatatime，因此可知是“一次思考一個問題”，選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

TheannualmeetingoftheWorldEconomicForum,(“WEF”)inDavos,Switzerland,waswellunderwaywhenitofficiallycommenced,earlyonaWednesdayeveninginJanuary,withanaddress,intheCongressHalloftheCongressCenter,byAngelaMerkel,theChancellorofGermany.ShehadalottosayaboutEurope.Someofit—“DowedaremoreEurope?Yes,wedodare”—madethenews.ButoutsidethehallmanyDavosparticipantspaidhernomind.Theyloiteredinvariousloungescarryingonconversationswitheachother.Theytalkedandtalked—asthoughtheyhadn'tbeentalkingallday.Theyhadtalkedwhilesittingonpanelsorwhileskippingpanelsthatothersweresittingon.“HistoricComplexity:HowDidWeGetHere?”“TheCompensationQuestion,”“GlobalRisks2012:TheSeedsofDystopia”:overthecourseoffivedays,amancouldskipmorethantwohundredandfiftysuchsessions.

Davosis,fundamentally,anexerciseincorporatespeed-dating.“Everyonecomesbecauseeveryoneelsecomes,”LarrySummerstoldme.Ahedge-fundmanageroraC.E.O.canpackintoafewdaysthedozensofmeetings—withotherexecutives,withheadsofstateortheirdeputies,withnon-governmentalorganizationswhosephonecallsmightotherwisehavebeenignored—thatitwouldnormallytakemonthstoarrangeandtensofthousandsofGulfstreammilestoattend.Theyconductthesecompressedandoccasionallyfruitfulcouplings,theso-calledbilateralmeetings,eitherinprivateroomsthattheW.E.F.hassetasideforthispurposeorinhotelrooms,restaurants,andhallways.Allthat'smissingisthehourlyrate.

ManyDavosparticipantsrarely,ifever,attendevenone.Instead,theyfloataroundintheslackspaces,sittingdowntoonearrangedmeetingafteranother,orelsemakingthemselvesavailableforchanceencounters,eitherwithfriendsorwithstrangerswhomtheywilleverafterbeabletorefertoasfriends.TheCongressCenter,thedaytimehub,isawarrenofinterconnectedlounges,cafes,lobbies,andlecturehalls,withespressobars,juicestations,andstacksofapplesscatteredabout.Theparticipantshavetheirpreferredhoveringareas.Wanderingthecenterinsearchofpeopletotalktowaslikefishingastretchofriver;onecouldobserve,overtime,whichpoolsheldwhichfish,andwhattimesofdaytheylikedtofeed.JamieDimon,runningshoesinhand,neartheespressostandbytheGlobalLeadershipFellowsProgram,inthelateafternoon.FareedZakaria,happilybesieged,intheIndustryPartnersLounge,justbeforelunch.Thelunkerswouldveryoccasionallyemergefromtheirdeepholes(therewererumorsofsecretpassageways)andglidethroughthecrowd,withaidesalongside,likepilotfish.(TheW.E.F.saysthatDavosisanentourage-freezone,butthisdoesn'tseemtoapplytothebiggestofthebigwheels,likeheadsofstate.)Itissaidthatthefasteryouwalkthemoreimportantyouare.

Itisaname-dropper'sparadise.Centralbankers,industrialchiefs,hedge-fundtitans,gloomyforecasters,astrophysicists,monks,rabbis,techwizards,museumcurators,universitypresidents,financialbloggers,virtuousheirs.IfoundmyselfinconversationwithanewspapercolumnistandanexecutivefromMcKinsey&Company,themanagement-consultingfirm.Thiswasserendipitous,assomanyconversationsinDavosturnouttobe,because,attheurgingofmany,IwassupposedtobeanglingforaninvitationtotheMcKinseyparty,attheBelvedereHotel.Amust,peoplesaid,withaglint.Iwassuspicious,owingtoanincongruitybetweenthewords“party”and“managementconsulting.”ButthiswasDavos.Theexecutivecheerfullyaddedmetothelist.AMcKinseyforaMerkel:afairtrade.

ThenewcomerhearsrepeatedbitsofDavosadvice.Ridetheshuttle:youmightmeetsomeone.Gotoasessionthatdealswithasubjectyouknownothingabout:youmightlearnsomething.Comenextyear,andtheoneafter,iftheyinviteyouback:youmightbegintounderstand.Everyonesaysthatyoucan'tgetthehangofDavosuntilyou'vebeenthreeorfourtimes.Somanythingsaregoingonatoncethatitisimpossibletodoevenatenthofthem.Youcouldspendtheweekinyourhotelroom,puzzlingoveraplan,wrestlingwithyourdoubtsandregrets,butapersonwhowoulddothisisnotthekindwhowouldbeinvitedtoDavos.

Anotheradmonition:nomatterhowmuchyoudo,youwillalwayshavethesensethatsomethingelse,somethingbetter,isgoingonelsewhere.Ontheout