書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-東北電力大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.問答題

【答案】1.【答案】And改為However

2.【答案】inbeingtreatedas改成atbeingtreatedas

3.【答案】inferiorthan改為inferiorto

4.【答案】leveledwith改為leveledagainst

5.【答案】term改為terms

6.【答案】fail改為failing

7.【答案】∧treat加上to

8.【答案】giving改為given

9.【答案】farmuchmore去掉far

10.【答案】before改為after

【解析】1.【解題思路】上一句說的是過去的情況，用到了inthepast（在過去），這一句用的是today（今天），二者形成對比，要用一個表示轉折的邏輯詞，并且要用逗號和句子隔開，能單獨使用。所以把And改為However。

2.【解題思路】根據句意“現在的年輕女性對自己的地位遠沒有那么理性，她們對于自己在某些方面不如男性的對待更加咄咄逼人?！边@里表示“在……方面”，所以用介詞at，故把in改為at。

3.【解題思路】inferiorto是固定搭配，表示“不如，次于”，所以要把than改為to。

4.【解題思路】根據句意“由于缺乏動力是針對女性的批評之一……”，這里用介詞against意為“針對，反對”，符合原文語境，所以把with改為against。

5.【解題思路】cometotermswith是固定搭配，表示“妥協，達成協議”，所以把term改為terms。

6.【解題思路】failtoreachthetop（未能到達頂峰）是做后置定語來修飾women，所以應該使用現在分詞形式，所以把fail改為failing。

7.【解題思路】句中間有兩個逗號隔開的句子whenawomanwithyoungchildrenappliesforpromotion（當有小孩的女性申請晉升時）是插入語成分，可先忽略不看，再將句子連起來發現，這里考查的是tendto“傾向于”這個固定搭配，所以需在treat前加上介詞to。

8.【解題思路】該句的邏輯主語是Employers，句意是“如果給他們選擇的機會……”，選擇的機會是被給予的，所以用過去分詞表被動，把giving改為given。

9.【解題思路】根據句意“這項研究的作者們推薦了一種更為積極的方式”，muchmore意為“更加，多得多”；farmuchmore意為“遠得多”，不符合句意。所以應該去掉far。

10.【解題思路】根據原文可知，該句句意是“這些女性應該是想等孩子長大直到不再需要她們管之后再來找工作”，所以應該把before改為after。

2.單選題

Forthelast20yearsorsothesubjectofglobalwarminghas（）heateddebateamongtheworld’sbrightestminds.

問題1選項

A.spawned

B.injected

C.modeled

D.moved

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意：在過去20年左右的時間里，全球變暖這個話題在全球最聰明的頭腦中引發了激烈的辯論。只有選項A有引起的意思，所以正確。

3.單選題

Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured（）thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

問題1選項

A.intermsof

B.bymeansof

C.inregardto

D.inlinewith

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語。intermsof“依據，按照”；bymeansof“用，依靠”；inregardto“關于”；inlinewith“符合，與……一致”。分析句子結構可知，空格處后面的內容是做方式狀語，因此從A與B選項中選，根據兩個詞組的意思，可知選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

Thephoto______happymemoriesofmyearlychildhood.

問題1選項

A.refreshes

B.bringstomind

C.stimulates

D.reminds

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項refresh“更新，消除”，B項bringtomind“使人想起”，C項stimulate“刺激，鼓舞”，D項remind“提醒，使想起”，remindsb.ofsth.表示“使某人想起某事”。根據關鍵詞photo“照片”和happymemories“快樂回憶”可知，B選項更符合語境。句意：這張照片使我回憶起童年的快樂時光。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

5.單選題

Sometravelersbelievecarriersintentionallygroundhalf-filledflightstocutcost,onlytofilluplaterplanes.Mysteriouscancellationsjustrubpeoplethewrongway.OnepassengercomplainedthatanAmericanAirlinesgateagenttoldhimhedidn'thavethefoggiestideawhyaflighthadbeencancelleD.Waryoflostbagsandlongwaitsatcheck-inandluggagecarousel,manypassengerstrytolugasmuchcarry-onbaggageastheycan,slowingboardingandincreasingthestressonotherpassengers.StephanieMehas,apassenger,said,"Alwayspacktwoproperlysizedcarryons,"shesays,"butmanypeoplecomebangingdowntheaislewithmultiplebags,expectingtojamthemallintheoverheadbin."Thiscanbedangerous.Fallingcarry-onbagsannuallyinjurethousandsofpassengers.

Astothepresentsituation,veteranairlineobserverRobertPoolecontendsthatlegislationandindustrypromises"arestopgaps".Greaterregulationwilldonothingtospurinnovation,and,henotes,between1998and2010,airtravelinAmericawillhaveexpended40percenttoonebillionannualpassengers,overwhelmingourreadystrainedinfrastructure.Unlessthesystemisexpended,hepredictscustomerservicewillcontinueitsover-alldownwardtrend.Theultimatesolution,saysPoole,istocompletethe"unfinishedrevolution"thatbeganin1978withgovernmentderegulationofairlineroutesandfares.Poolebelievesthattheantiquated,overlybureaucraticair-traffic-controlsystemcouldbeprivatized,followingthesuccessfulmodelofNavCanada,whichuseshigh-techequipmentandmodernadministrativeprocedure.Anotherinnovationthathasshowngreatpromiseabroadissmaller,privatelyownedairportsofferingpoint-to-pointserviceusingnewfuel-efficientjets.Moreoftheseairportswillrelievethepressureonthebigairports,butputpressureonthecarrierstoimprove.

1.Thesentence"..didn'thavethefoggiestidea"inLine3means（）.

2.ToomuchhandbaggagecancausesomeproblemsEXCEPT（）.

3.InPoole'sview,whichofthefollowingwilldoforachange?

4.Besidesprivatization,Poolealsoputsforwardanothersolution,thatis（）

5.Whichofthefollowingbestfitsforthetitle?

問題1選項

A.hedidn'tknow

B.heknew,butcouldn'tsay

C.bevaguelyknew

D.hewasnotinapositiontoknow試題分析

問題2選項

A.safetyproblemsonboardtheplane

B.moretimeinboarding

C.pressureonotherpassengers

D.disorderontheplane

問題3選項

A.Legislation.

B.Industrycommitment.

C.Regulation.

D.Expansionofthepresentsystem.

問題4選項

A.moreuseofjets

B.lessrestrictiononroutesandfares

C.theadoptionofhigh-techequipment

D.establishmentofsecondaryairports

問題5選項

A.TheAirlinesAreinTrouble

B.TheInefficiencyoftheAirlines

C.ProblemsandSolutionsfortheAirlines

D.TheSystemoftheAirlinesShouldChange

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節推斷題。foggiest的原形是foggy,意為"模糊的"。這句話的意思是,哪怕是模糊的信息都不清楚,也就是一點都不知道的意思。選項A正確。

2.細節判斷題。根據第一段的內容可知,行李過多會導致登機速度更慢,也增加了其他乘客的壓力。放在行李架上也會有掉落的風險從而傷到其他人,所以選項A,B,C均正確,只有選項D未提及。

3.細節推斷題。根據題干關鍵詞Poole定位到第二段。根據第三句"Unlessthesystemisexpended,hepredictscustomerservicewillcontinueitsover-alldownwardtrend."他預計,除非該系統得到擴展,否則客戶服務將繼續全面下滑。選項D符合原文。

4.細節推斷題。根據第二段的倒數第二句"Anotherinnovationthathasshowngreatpromiseabroadissmaller,privatelyownedairportsofferingpoint-to-pointserviceusingnewfuel-efficientjets."。另一項在海外表現出巨大前景的創新是小型私人機場,它們使用新型節油飛機提供點對點服務。選項A正確。

5.主旨大義題。本文講述了航天系統所岀現的問題及其解決策略。選項C符合文章主旨。

6.翻譯題

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.

Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.

Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11andavianfluremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.

Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdoutessays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorecrazy,collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.

ForallthesereasonsIbelieved—andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday—intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.

【答案】科技和技術的進步正在使我們能夠去了解宇宙最遠的地方、物質最基本的成分和生命的奇跡。

與此同時，人類今天的作為和不作為，不僅危及地球上的生命，且還危害地球本身的壽命。

全球化正在讓世界變得更小、更快速地運轉和更富裕。但是，9/11事件和禽流感卻提醒我們一個更小、更快速運轉的世界不一定是一個更安全的世界。

我們的世界正充滿知識，但其迫切需要智慧?，F在，當（新聞采訪的）原聲摘要播出正變得更短、即時信息排擠短文和和個人生活變得更瘋狂時，能夠深思的大學畢業生是我們這個世界所需要的。

由于這些原因，我相信，并且我今天甚至更堅定地相信，大學有著獨特的且無可取代的使命。

7.單選題

Iam（）toMr.MorrisonbecauseofthekindnessandconcernthatheshowedmewhenIfirstgothere.

問題1選項

A.gratified

B.indebted

C.due

D.desirous

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。gratified“稱心的，寬慰的”；indebted“感激的，受惠的”；due“到期的，應付的”；desirous“渴望的，想要的”。句意：因為當我第一次到這兒時莫里森先生的友善和關心，我對此是感激的。選項B符合題意。

8.翻譯題

Theeducatedmanispresumedtoknowwhatiswrongintheworld,andwhatshouldbedonetorectifyit.Ifhiseducationhasamountedtoanything,itshouldhaveincreasedhisabilitytothinkclearlyandscientifically,andthustoknowhowtogetatthecauseandeffectofpolitical,social,economicindustrialevils.Nomanhasrighttoconsidereducationasmerelyapersonalbenefitenablinghimtobemoreprosperousandhappyintheworld.Hemustlookuponitasimposinguponhimaresponsibilitytoincreasethewelfareofothers.Toomanyregarditastheirownpossession,anddonotrealizethatitissomethingtobesharedwithothers,andtobeusedforgoodofsocietyatlarge.

【答案】受過教育的人被認定能辨別是非,并能正確改正。如果他受的教育已經達到了一定程度,便能提高其進行清晰和科學思維的能力,從而了解政治、社會、經濟工業犯罪所產生的原因和所造成的影響。沒有任何人有資格只把教師當作自己的個人利益,利用教育使自己在這世界上變得更加富有和幸福。他必須把它看作為強加于他身上的以増加他人福利的職責。太多人把教育作為自己獨有的財富,從未認識到應該與他人一起分享,將其最大限度地用在社會公益事業上。

9.單選題

Somereadersmayfindit（）thatabookarguingforgreaterliteracyandintellectualdisciplineshouldleadtoacallforlessratherthanmoreeducation.

問題1選項

A.paradoxical

B.controversial

C.appealing

D.ambiguous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項paradoxical“自相矛盾的，荒謬的”；B選項controversial“有爭議的”；C選項appealing“吸引人的”；D選項ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意：

一本提倡更多的精通文學和知識學科的書應該導致需要更少的而不是更多的教育，一些讀者可能會覺得這是自相矛盾的。選項A符合語境。

10.單選題

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute______ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponoursenseorgans;thegreatmajoritypassusby.

問題1選項

A.friction

B.function

C.fraction

D.fiction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項friction“摩擦”，B項function“功能，職責”，C項fraction“分數，部分，小部分”，D項fiction“小說，虛構，編造”?？崭裉幮枰钊胍粋€of所屬關系的名詞，與thesightsandsounds（視覺和聽覺）搭配，B、D可排除。由后面的thegreatmajority（大多數）可知，這里形成了對比，所以前面表示“一小部分”，C項符合。句意：我們很少能夠感知到那些極其微小的落在我們感覺器官上的視覺或聽覺片斷，（這些片斷中的）大部分從我們身邊溜走了。因此，該題選擇C項。

11.單選題

Markoftenattemptstoescape（）wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.

問題1選項

A.havingbeenfined

B.tobefined

C.tohavebeenfined

D.beingfined

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。首先，escape后面接動名詞doing，由此可首先排除選項C和選項B；再根據句意“每當馬克違反交通規則時，他總是試圖逃避罰款?！边@里表示的是被動語態，并不涉及完成時，所以選項D正確。

12.單選題

Wethink（

）possibleforthemtofulfilltheirtaskinafewweeks.

問題1選項

A.it

B.that

C.what

D.this

【答案】A

【解析】考查形式賓語。本句真正的賓語為不定式引導的tofulfilltheirtaskinafewweeks，think表示“認為，以為”是及物動詞，常用于“think＋it（形式賓語）+形容詞或名詞（賓補）+不定式／動名詞／從句（直接賓語）”結構中，因此選A。句意：我們認為他們有可能在幾周內完成他們的任務。

13.單選題

（）rain,thecrops（）.

問題1選項

A.Shall,wouldbesaved

B.Should,wouldbesaved

C.Would,shouldbesafe

D.Were,mightbesafe

【答案】B

【解析】句意:要是下雨，莊稼們就有救了。

語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣。if從句中，如果出現“should、had、were”時，

可以省略if,并且將should、had、were置于句首，即部分倒裝。因此，排除A和C項。從句中的“rain”是動詞，故可排除D項。綜上所述,B項正確,表示對將來的虛擬。

14.單選題

Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshis______orsocialposition.

問題1選項

A.curiosity

B.status

C.determination

D.significance

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項curiosity“好奇”；B選項status“身份，職位”；C選項determination“決心”；D選項significance“（尤指對將來有影響的）重要性；意思，含義”。句意：一個人穿的衣服可以體現他的______或社會地位。根據語境，這里指的是可以通過衣服看出一個人的社會信息，B選項status“身份，職位”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

15.單選題

Insurancecompaniesprovideaservicetothecommunitybyprotectingitagainstexpectedandunexpecteddisasters.Beforeaninsurancecompanywillagreetoinsureanything,itcollectsaccuratefiguresabouttherisk.Itknows,forexample,thattheriskofamanbeingkilledinaplaneaccidentislessthantheriskhetakesincrossingabusyroad.Thisenablesittoquote（報價）lowfiguresfortravelinsurance.Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering.Thenthecompanychargesamuchhigherprice.Iftoomanyclimbershaveaccidents,thepricerisesstillfurther.Ifthemajorityofclimbersfalloffmountains,thecompanywillrefusetoinsurethem.

Anordinaryhouseholdermaywishtoprotecthishomeagainstfireorhispropertyagainstburglary.Ashop-keepermaywishtoinsureagainsttheft.Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保險費）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.Ifitinsuresashopandthenreceivesasuspiciousclaim,itwillinvestigatetheclaimasameansofprotectingitselfagainstfalseclaims.Itisnotunknownforabusinessmanindebttoburndownhisownpremises（房產）sothathecanclaimmuchmoneyfromhisinsurancecompany.Hecanbesurethatthefirewillbeinvestigatedmostcarefully.Insurancecompaniesalsoacceptinsuranceagainstshipwreckordisasterintheair.Planesandshipsareveryexpensive,soalargepremiumischarged,butareductionisgiventocompanieswithanaccident-freerecord.

Everyweekinsurancecompaniesreceivepremiumpaymentsfromcustomers.Thesepaymentscanformaverylargetotalrunningintomillionsofdollars.Thecompanydoesnotleavethemoneyinthebank.Itinvestsinproperty,shares,farmsandevenantiquepaintingsandstamps.Itsaimistoobtainthebestpossiblereturnonitsinvestment.Thisisnotasgreedyasitmayseem,sincethisisonewaybywhichitcankeepitspremiumsdownandcontinuetomakeaprofitwhilebeingofservicetothecommunity.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraphinthepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

2.Theword“quote”（Line3,Paragraph2）mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Fromthepassage,weknowthatifaccidentswillhappenninetimesoutoftenormore,theinsurancecompanywill（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,ifanairplanehasanaccident-freerecord,itusuallypaystotheinsurancecompany（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingwilltheinsurancecompanyNOTprovideinsuranceservicefor?

6.Howdoinsurancecompaniesmakeprofit?

7.Themainideaofthelastparagraphis（）.

問題1選項

A.Apassengerbyairwilltakelessriskofbeingkilledthanamancrossingabusyroad.

B.Apassengerbyairwilltakegreaterriskofbeingkilledthanamancrossingabusyroad.

C.Apassengerbyairwillhavetopaymoretotheinsurancecompanythanamountainclimber.

D.Amotoristshouldpaythehighestpricetotheinsurancecompany.

問題2選項

A.receive

B.accept

C.take

D.offer

問題3選項

A.giveamuchhigherprice

B.quotethehighestprice

C.notprovideinsuranceservice

D.chargealowerpremium

問題4選項

A.alargepremium

B.lesspremium

C.nopremium

D.thesamepremiumastheothercompanies

問題5選項

A.Mountaineers.

B.Ordinaryhouseholders.

C.Airlineswithanaccidentfreerecord.

D.Shopkeeperswithsuspiciousstatisticalrecords.

問題6選項

A.Byreceivingpremiumpaymentsfromcustomers.

B.Bychargingcommissiontocustomers.

C.Byinvestinginsomeindustriesandproducts.

D.Byprovidingservices.

問題7選項

A.thattheinsurancecompanyisgreedyofprofit

B.thattheinsurancecompanymakeslargesumofmoneyeveryweek

C.thattheinsurancecompanymakesagreatprofitbyinvestingitsmoneyindifferentitem

D.toshowtheinsurancecompanymakesuseofitsincomeandthereasonwhyitshoulddoso

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節事實題。A：一名空中乘客被殺害的風險小于橫穿交通繁忙的馬路的行人。B：乘飛機的乘客比穿越繁忙道路的人面臨更大的死亡風險。第一段指出：Itknows,forexample,thattheriskofamanbeingkilledinaplaneaccidentislessthantheriskhetakesincrossingabusyroad.（例如，它知道一個人在飛機事故中喪生的風險要小于他穿過一條繁忙的馬路所冒的風險）。因此A項正確，B項錯誤。C：一名空中乘客必須比一名爬山者向保險公司支付更高的保費。第一段指出：Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering（有時候，風險可能很高，就像在賽車或登山運動中的風險）。由此可知，賽車或登山運動中的風險比前面提到的空中遇難要高，C項錯誤。D：賽車手應該向保險公司支付最高的保費。文章并未提及此項。因此本題選A。

2.【試題解析】詞義題。對于“quote”的理解可參考此句：Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保險費）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.（通常，保險公司會檢查它的統計數據并給出保險費的……如果情況可疑，它可能會拒絕報價）。由此可知，“quote”表示“開價，報價”，故選D。

3.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第一段指出：Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering.Thenthecompanychargesamuchhigherprice.Iftoomanyclimbershaveaccidents,thepricerisesstillfurther.Ifthemajorityofclimbersfalloffmountains,thecompanywillrefusetoinsurethem.（有時風險可能很高，比如賽車或登山。然后公司會收取更高的價格。如果太多登山者發生事故，價格就會進一步上漲。如果大多數登山者從山上摔下來，公司將拒絕為他們投保）。由此可知，如果事故發生率為十分之九或更高，保險公司將拒保，故選C項“不提供保險服務”。

4.【試題解析】細節事實題。第二段最后一句指出：Planesandshipsareveryexpensive,soalargepremiumischarged,butareductionisgiventocompanieswithanaccident-freerecord.（飛機和船舶非常昂貴，所以保費也很高，但是如果受保公司沒有事故記錄，保險公司將減少保費）。由此可知，如果航空公司沒有事故記錄，它通常會向保險公司支付較低的保費，因此B項正確。

5.【試題解析】細節事實題。第二段指出：Ashop-keepermaywishtoinsureagainsttheft.Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保險費）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.（店主可能希望投保防盜險。一般情況下，公司會對統計數據進行核對，然后追加報價。如有可疑情況，公司可能會拒絕報價）。

6.【試題解析】細節事實題。最后一段指出：Itinvestsinproperty,shares,farmsandevenantiquepaintingsandstamps.Itsaimistoobtainthebestpossiblereturnonitsinvestment.Thisisnotasgreedyasitmayseem,sincethisisonewaybywhichitcankeepitspremiumsdownandcontinuetomakeaprofitwhilebeingofservicetothecommunity.（它投資于房地產、股票、農場，甚至古董繪畫和郵票。它的目的是獲得最好的投資回報。這并不像看起來那么貪婪，因為這是一種方法，使保險公司能夠降低保費為投保對象提供服務的同時繼續盈利）。由此可知，C項“通過投資一些行業和產品”正確。

7.【試題解析】主旨大意題。最后一段主要講的是保險公司如何利用收取的保費進行投資、降低保費繼續盈利進而造福社會，因此D項“說明保險公司利用其收入和為什么這么做的原因”比較符合最后一段大意。

16.單選題

Ican'tspeakJapanese,butIdowishI（）.

問題1選項

A.can

B.had

C.spoke

D.could

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我不會說日語，但是我確實希望我可以。

語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣。在與現在事實相反的句子中，應用should,would,might或could。

17.單選題

By1776thefineartofpaintingasithaddevelopedinwesternEuropeuptothistimehadbeenintroducedintotheAmericancoloniesthroughbooksandprints,Europeanvisitorsandimmigrants,andtravelingcolonistswhobroughtbackcopies(andafeworiginal)ofoldmasterpaintingsandacquaintancewithEuropeanartinstitutions.

BytheoutbreakoftheRevolutionagainstBritishrulein1776,thestatusoftheartistshadalreadyundergonechange.Inthemid-eighteenthcentury,paintershadbeenwillingtoassumesuchartisan-relatedtasksasvarnishing,gildingteaching,keepingartistsweredescribedatthetimesuggeststheirstatus:"limner"wasusuallyappliedtotheanonymousportraitpainteruptothe1760's:"painter"characterizedanyonewhocouldpaintaflatsurface.Bythesecondhalfofthecentury,colonialartistswhoweretrainedinEnglandoreducatedintheclassicsrejectedthestatusoflaborerandthoughtofthemselvesasartists.Somecolonialurbanportraitists,suchasJohnSingletonCopley,BenjaminWest,andCharlesWilsonPeale,consortedwithaffluentpatrons.Althoughsubjecttofluctuationsintheireconomicstatus,allthreeenjoyedsufficientpatronagetoallowthemtomaintainanimageofthemselvesasprofessionalartists,animageindicatedbytheircustomofsigningtheirpaintings.AfewartcollectorsJamesBowdoinIIIofBoston,WilliamByrdofVirginian,andtheAliensandHamiltonsofPhiladelphiaintroducedEuropeanarttraditionstothosecolonistsprivilegedtovisittheirgalleries,especiallyaspiringartists,andestablishedintheirrespectivecommunitiestheideaofthevalueofartandtheneedforinstitutionsdevotedtoitsencouragement.

Althoughthecoloniststendedtofavorportraits,theyalsoacceptedlandscapes,historicalworks,andpoliticalengravingsasappropriateartisticsubjects.WiththecomingofindependencefromtheBritishCrown,asufficientnumberofartistsandtheirworkswereavailabletoservenationalisticpurposes.Theachievementsofthecolonialartists,particularlythoseofCopley,West,andPeale,lentcredencetotheboastthatthenewnationwascapableofencouraginggeniusandthatpoliticallibertywascongenialtothedevelopmentoftaste—anecessarystepbeforeartcouldassumeanimportantroleinthenewrepublic.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,beforetheAmericanRevolutionthemaintaskoflimnerswasto（）

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatartistswhoweretrainedinEngland（）

4.Accordingtothepassage,artistssuchasCopley,WestandPealesignedtheirpaintingsbecausethis（）

5.TheauthormentionsJamesBowdoinIIIandWilliamByrdinParagraph2asexamplesofwhichofthefollowing?

6.Withwhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

問題1選項

A.EuropeaninfluenceoncolonialAmericanpainting.

B.Theimportanceofpatronagetoartists.

C.ThechangingstatusofartistsintheAmericancoloniesintheeighteenthcentury.

D.SubjectspreferredbyartistsintheAmericancoloniesintheeighteenthcentury.

問題2選項

A.paintwheelcarriages

B.paintportraits

C.varnishfurniture

D.paintflatsurfaces

問題3選項

A.consideredartiststobesuperiortopainters

B.barelypaintedportraitists

C.wereoftenverywealthy

D.imitatedEnglishpainters

問題4選項

A.increasedthemonetaryvalueofthepaintings

B.madeitmoredifficultforotherartiststocopythepaintings

C.supportedtheartists'imageofprofessionalism

D.distinguishedcolonialAmericanartistsfromEuropeanartists

問題5選項

A.ArtgalleryownerswhodisplayedonlyEuropeanart.

B.ArtcollectorswhohadaprofoundinfluenceonAmericanattitudestowardart.

C.Artistswhogavefinancialsupporttootherartists.

D.Patronswhohelpedtoencourageartisanstobecomeartists.

問題6選項

A.Countriesthathavenothadapoliticalrevolutionareunlikelytodevelopgreatart.

B.Themostsuccessfulartcollectorsareusuallyartiststhemselves.

C.ThevalueofcolonialAmericanpaintingsdecreasedaftertheRevolution.

D.Colonialartistsmadeanimportantcontributiontotheevolvingcultureofthenewnation.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨題。分析全文可知第二段首句為中心句。“BytheoutbreakoftheRevolutionagainstBritishrulein1776,thestatusoftheartistshadalreadyundergonechange.”選項C提到18世紀美國殖民地藝術家地位的變化，符合原文。

第2題:細節判斷題。根據關鍵詞“limner”定位到第二段的第二句“limnerwasusuallyappliedtotheanonymousportraitpainteruptothe1760's”。選項B正確。

第3題:細節推理題。根據題干關鍵詞“trainedinEngland”定位到第二段的第三句“colonialartistswhoweretrainedinEnglandoreducatedintheclassicsrejectedthestatusoflaborerandthoughtofthemselvesasartists.”在英國受訓或接受古典文學教育的殖民地藝術家拒絕勞動者的身份，認為自己是藝術家。選項A符合原文。

第4題:細節推斷題。根據題干關鍵詞“Copley,WestandPeale”定位到第二段的四、五句“...allthreeenjoyedsufficientpatronagetoallowthemtomaintainanimageofthemselvesasprofessionalartists,...”它們都得到了足夠的資助，使它們保持了專業藝術家的形象。選項C符合原文。

第5題:細節推理題。根據第二段的最后一句“establishedintheirrespectivecommunitiestheideaofthevalueofartandtheneedforinstitutionsdevotedtoitsencouragement.”可以理解為一些對藝術發展起到了作用的收藏者。選項B符合原文。

第6題:細節推斷題。根據原文最后一段的最后一句“anecessarystepbeforeartcouldassumeanimportantroleinthenewrepublic.”殖民時期的藝術家對這個新興國家不斷發展的文化做出了重要貢獻。選項D符合原文。

18.單選題

Modempersuasionadvertisingblossomedasafunctionofmarketsthatwerelesscompetitivebyeconomists'standards,andaregenerallyreferredtoasoligopolies.Thesearemarketswhereahandfuloffirmsdominateoutputorsalesintheindustry,andwheretheyhavesufficientmarketpowerthattheycansetthepriceatwhichtheirproductsells.Thekeytoanoligopolyisthatitisverydifficultfornewcomerstoenterthemarket,nomatterhowprofitableitmaybe,becauseofthepoweroftheexistingplayers.Underoligopolythereisstrongdisincentivetoengageinpricewarfaretoexpandone'smarketshare,becauseallthemainplayersarelargeenoughtosurviveapricewarandallitwoulddoisshrinkthesizeoftheindustryrevenuepiethatthefirmsarefightingover.Indeed,thepriceinanoligopolisticindustrywilltendtogravitatetowardwhatitwouldbeinapuremonopolysothecontendersarefightingforslicesofthelargestpossiblerevenuepie.

Atfirstblush,thisisaprettyaccuratepictureoftheU.S.economyofthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturies.Theeconomyhasbecomefarmoremonopolisticoverthepastthirtyyears.Itisalsoagoodway,thoughbynomeanstheonlyway,tounderstandtheemergenceanddominanceofadvertising.Althoughfirmsarenotinwhateconomiststermcompetitivemarkets,theyaremostdefinitelyengagedinmonopolisticcompetitionwitheachothertomaximizetheirprofits.Advertisingemergesfrontandcenterasamajorwaytoincreasemarketsharewithoutengagingindestructiveprofit-damagingpricecompetition.

Theelectionrealm,issimilartotheeconomyinthatittendstobeaduopolyingeneralelections,meaningthereareusuallyonlytwooptionsthatcouldconceivablywin,and,asinanoligopoly,theseduopolistshaveusedtheir"marketpower"—inthiscasecontroloverelectionlawstomakeitallbutimpossibleforathirdpartytosuccessfullyestablishitselfasalegitimatecontender.Evenprimaryelectionsarealmostalwaysamatterofnomorethantwoorthreeviableentrantsexceptinaverysmallnumberofraces.Ineconomictheorythisleadstoaninterestingconclusion:asJ.Schorhasputit,thesmartplayforafirminaduopolyistoactliketheotherfirm,nottodifferentiateitself.

Macphersonwasamongthefirsttounderstandmodemelectoralpolitics-thetwo-partysystem-intermsofoligopolisticandduopolisticmarketpractices.“Wheretherearesofewsellers,"Macphersonwroteconcerningpoliticalparties,"theyneednotanddonotrespondtobuyers'demandsastheymustdoinafullycompetitivesystem."Thismeansthattheparties,likeoligopolisticfirms,can"createthedemandforpoliticalgoods"andlargelydictatethe"demandscheduleforpoliticalgoods."InMacpherson'sargument,aduopolisticpartysysteminamodemcapitalistsocietyliketheUnitedStateswilltendtogravitatetoprovidinga"competitionbetweenelites,"whicharethedrivingforceand”formulatetheissues."Thebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyareagreeduponbythetwopartiesandoffthetableforpublicdebateordiscussion.InMacpherson'sview,thetwo-partysystemwasidealfortheproductionofcitizenapathyandde-politicizationandforthemaintenanceofeliterule;i.e.whatwouldbecalleda“weakdemocracy”.

1.Withwhatthemeisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingparagraph1and2isto（）.

3.Whatdoesthephrase“frontandcenter”inparagraph2mean?

4.Thehighlightedsentence“Thebasics...ordiscussion”inthelastparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat（）.

5.Whatistheauthorlikelytotalkaboutintheparagraphfollowingthispassage?

問題1選項

A.PoliticalAdvertising.

B.OligopolyMarket.

C.WeakDemocracy.

D.ModemElectoralPolitics.

問題2選項

A.statewhypoliticaladvertisingappearedinthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturiesinAmerica.

B.emphasizethatitisarealpictureoftheU.S.economyofthetwentiethandtwenty-firstcenturies.

C.statethatthesituationinAmericanelectionrealmisthesameastheoneinitseconomicrealm.

D.explainthattheoligopolymarketeconomyhasaspecialfunctionintheU.S.economicrealm.

問題3選項

A.Infront.

B.Attheforefront.

C.Inthecenter.

D.Inthemiddle.

問題4選項

A.Thetwopartieswoulddiscussthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyinsecret.

B.Thetwopartieswoulddiscussthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomyinpublic.

C.Thetwopartieswouldnotaskthepublictodiscussthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomy.

D.Thetwopartieshavethesameideaaboutthebasicsinthepoliticaleconomysotheywouldnotdiscussthemanymore.

問題5選項

A.HeislikelytoanalyzetheissuesformulatedbyaduopolisticpartysystemintheUnitedStates.

B.HeislikelytoexplainAmericancitizenapathyanddepoliticizationindetail.

C.Heislikelytogivesomesupportingevidenceofa"weakdemocracy".

D.Heislikelytoprovidesomeexamplesofa"competitionbetweenelites"

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨題。縱觀全文，文章前半部分主要提到了與經濟相關的規律，壟斷經濟形勢對經濟帶來了重大影響。文章后半部分將壟斷經濟層面延伸至