書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-三峽大學科技學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

In1924,aMexicanphilosopherwroteabookdreamingofthepossibilitythat,inthefuture,allracesontheplanetwouldmergeintoonetypeofman.ThisofmanisbeingborneinLosAngeles,intheculturalsenseifnottheanthropological(a.人類學的)sense.Avastmosaic(n.拼盤)ofdifferentraces,cultures,religions,andmoralhabitsareworkingtowardonecommonaim.Fromtheperspectiveofaworldsubmergedinreligious,ethnic,andracialconflict,thisharmoniouscooperationissomethingunbelievable.Itistrulystriking.

Whatiscommonaimthatharmonizescompetingculturesinoneplace?

Itisnotonlythebetterlivingstandard.WhatattractsimmigrantstoAmericaistheessentialcharacteristicofAmericanculture:thechancetotry.Thereisacombinationoftwothingsthatareimportant:cultureandspace.Thecultureallowsyoutotrytobesomebody——tofindyourself,yourplace,yourstatus.Andthereisspacenotonlyinageographicalsense,butinthesenseofopportunity,ofsocialmobility.Insocietiesthatareincrisisorarestagnant(a.停滯的)——orevenarestable——thereisnochancetotry.

IftheimmigranttoAmericaatfirstfails,healwaysthinks,“Iwilltryagain.”Ifhehadfailedintheoldsociety,hewouldbediscouragedandpessimistic,acceptingtheplacethatwasgiventohim.InAmerica,he’sthinking,“Iwillhaveanotherchance,Iwilltryagain.”Thatkeepshimgoing.He'sfullofhope.

【答案】1924年，一位墨西哥哲學家在他的一本著作中，夢想著未來地球上所有不同種族都融合成一種類型人的可能性。在文化的意義上，即便不是在人種的意義上，這樣一種類型的人正在洛杉磯誕生。由不同種族、不同文化、不同宗教和不同道德行為組成的巨大合成體正奔向一個共同的目標。世界充滿著宗教的、種族的、民族的沖突，從這個角度來看，這種融洽的合作令人難以置信。也的確令人矚目。

使得在一個地區的相互競爭的文化和諧共存的共同目標是什么呢？

目標不僅僅是更高的生活水準。吸引移民前來美國的是美國文化的主要特性：有嘗試的機會。文化與空間這兩個重要方面結合了起來。文化使你得想辦法出人頭地——去發現自我，找到自己的位置、自己的地位。還有空間，不僅僅是地理意義上的空間，更是指機會，指社會身份的流動性。在充滿危機的社會中，在停滯不前的社會中——甚至在那些穩定的社會中——沒有嘗試的機會。

如果美國移民開始時遭遇失敗，他總是想：“我要再試一下”。如果他在原來的社會中遭遇失敗，他就會失去信心，變得悲觀失望，接受自己所處的地位。在美國，他想的是：“我還會有機會，我還要試一下。”這使他堅持下去。他充滿了希望。

2.單選題

strophysicistswrestlingwiththestudyofanewkindofstar,theflat,“two-dimensional”configurationsknownasaccretiondiskshaverecentlygainednewinsightsintothebehaviorofthesestars.Accretiondisksexistinavarietyofsituationswheremattersswirlaroundacompactstarsuchasawhitedwarfstaroraneutronstar.Accretiondisksarealsosuspectedofplayingapartinmoreexoticsituations,inwhichthecentralobjectisimaginedtobeasupermassiveblackhole,theultimateformofcollapsedmatter,ratherthanacompactstar.Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.Similarly,thebasicphysicsofthepowerbywhichaccretiondisksradiate,thoughttooriginateinaformofturbulentfriction,isknownonlyatthecrudestlevel.

AccretiondiskswerefirstdefinedinthecontextofCataclysmicvariables.Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.Theviscosityinthediskthusformedcausesheating,radiation,andaslowspiralingofdiskmatterontothesurfaceofthewhitedwarf.

Therapidadvancesmadeinx-rayastronomyinthepastdecadehaveidentifiedasecondtypeofsysteminwhichaccretiondisksoccur.Insuchasystem,anaccretiondiskwhirlsaboutaneutronstarratherthanawhitedwarf.Theinnerreachesoftheaccretiondiskextenddeeplyintothegravitationalpotentialoftheneutronstarwhereveryrapidmotionistherule.Theenergyreleasedbyfrictionandtheactualrainingofthematerialfromthediskontothesurfaceoftheneutronstarissogreatthatradiationisgivenoffinapowerfulfloodofx-rays.Andinatleastonecase,x-rayastronomersbelievethattheobjectinthecenterofanaccretiondiskisablackhole,suggestingthatathirdsystemmayexist.

Ithadbeenassumedthatportionsofaccretiondiskswouldbeunstableandthat,asaresult,clumpingoftheirmatterintoringswouldoccur.Thereisnoevidencefromobservation,however,thataccretiondisksdo,infact,sufferfromtheseinstabilities.Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.

Furtherprogresstowardunderstandingaccretiondiskswillinvolvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscaseandwasdoneandcontinuestobedoneforordinarystars.Abramowicz'workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpredictionsoftheinstabilityofaccretiondiskswerebasedonwhichofthefollowing?

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAbramowicz’workcanbestbedescribedasoneof（

）.

4.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcurrentscientificknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesofordinarystars?

5.ThepassagesuggeststhatAbramowicz’workwasmotivatedbywhichofthefollowingassumptions?

6.Thepassageimplieswhichofthefollowingabouttheprogressofknowledgeinastrophysics?

7.Thepassagesuggeststhat,comparedtothestudyofordinarystars,thestudyofaccretiondisksis（

）.

8.Accordingtothepassage,someaccretiondisksoriginatedin（

）.

9.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesignificanceofAbramowicz’workisthatit（

）.

問題1選項

A.comparingAbramowicz’worktotheworkofearlierastrophysicists

B.providinginformationaboutaccretiondisksanddiscussingsignificantnewwork

C.definingtheconditionsunderwhichaccretiondiskscanbeobserved

D.exploringthequestionofwhetherablackholecaneverbethecentralobjectofanaccretiondisk

E.describingthephenomenonofaccretiondisksandreviewingseveralconflictingtheoriesoftheirorigins

問題2選項

A.AcalculationoftheprobableeffectsofstandardNewtoniangravitationalrelationships

B.AcalculationoftheprobablerelationshipbetweengeneralrelativityandstandardNewtoniangravitationalrelationships

C.Acalculationoftheenergyreleasedbyfrictionwithinacompactstar

D.Observationofthex-raysradiatedbycompactstars

E.Observationoftheclumpingofaccretiondiskmatterintoringsaroundcompactstars

問題3選項

A.uncertainapproval

B.unqualifiedrespect

C.mildinterest

D.carefuldismissal

E.hostileskepticism

問題4選項

A.Itspatternofdevelopmenthasbeenanalogoustothatofdevelopmentsinx-rayastronomy.

B.Itsroleintheexplanationofturbulentfrictionhasbeensignificant.

C.Ithascontributedtoamoreaccuratemodelingofordinarystars.

D.Itlagsbehindknowledgeofscalinglaws.

E.Itexplainsthebehaviorofaccretiondisksaswellasthatofordinarystars.

問題5選項

A.Thequantityofenergyreleasedbyaccretiondiskscanbeaslargeasitisonlyifthedisksarestable.

B.Improvedtechniquesinx-rayastronomywouldrevealanyinstabilitiesoccurringinaccretiondisks.

C.Thelackofobservationalevidenceofinstabilitiesinaccretiondiskssuggeststhatpredictionsoftheiroccurrencemightbewrong.

D.Knownmethodsofobservingaccretiondisksurroundingcompactstarsandblackholesdonotpermittheobservationofthematterinaccretiondisks.

E.Thegravitationalpotentialofcompactstarsdoesnotvaryfromstartostar.

問題6選項

A.Adherencetooutdatedtheorieshas,inthepast,limitedtheactivitiesofastrophysicistsandrestrictedprogress.

B.Progresshas,inthepast,occurredonlyasaresultofsignificantbreakthroughsinbasicphysicsandchemistry.

C.Progresshas,inthepast,occurredasaresultofaprocessofdefiningandsolvingrestrictedproblems.

D.Giventherecentacquisitionofknowledgeaboutthenuclearprocessesofstars,furtherprogressislikelytobelimitedtotherefinementofwhatisalreadyknown.

E.Conclusionsinastrophysicshave,inthepast,beenseriouslyflawed,thuslimitingprogress,althoughtherehaverecentlybeensignsofchange.

問題7選項

A.derivative

B.moresophisticated

C.lessclearlyfocused

D.atanearlierstageofdevelopment

E.moredependentontechnologicaladvances

問題8選項

A.anincreaseinheatandradiationaroundanordinarystar

B.apowerfulfloodofx-raysemittedbyaneutronstar

C.acollisionbetweentwostars

D.theturbulentfrictiononthesurfaceofacompactstar

E.theaccumulationofmatterremovedfromanordinarystar

問題9選項

A.providesameansofmeasuringthegravitationalpotentialofneutronstars

B.opensanewareaforexplorationinthefieldofx-rayastronomy

C.provesthatscalinglawscannotbeappliedtoaccretiondisks

D.proposesanewsystemofclassificationofstars

E.suggestsaresolutionofadiscrepancybetweenatheoreticalpredictionandactualobservation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:C

第7題:D

第8題:E

第9題:E

【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文，原文多次出現關鍵詞“accretiondisks”“newinsights”,從而即可了解作者的寫作主旨，得出本題答案。

2.細節推斷題。根據題干關鍵詞“instability”將信息點定位到原文第四段第二、三句。“Thereisnoevidencefromobservation,however,thataccretiondisksdo,infact,sufferfromtheseinstabilities.Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.”從而得出本題答案。

3.

觀點態度題。根據題干關鍵詞“Abramowicz’work”，可將信息點定位到原文最后一段最后一句。“Abramowicz’workisavaluableexampleofthecarethatmustbetakenbeforereachingconclusionsregardingaccretiondisks.（阿布拉莫維奇的工作是一個很有價值的例子，說明在得出關于吸積盤的結論之前必須小心謹慎。）”作者對其研究是絕對的尊重。從而得出本題答案。

4.

細節推斷題。根據題干關鍵詞“thenuclearprocessesofordinarystars”,將信息點定位到原文最后一段第一句。“Furtherprogresstowardunderstandingaccretiondiskswillinvolvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscaseandwasdoneandcontinuestobedoneforordinarystars.”從而得出本題答案。

5.

細節事實題。根據題干關鍵詞“Abramowicz’work”，將信息點定位為原文第四段第三句“Inrecentwork,AbramowiczhasshownthataddedgravitationaleffectsduetogeneralrelativitymayaltertheexpectedNewtoniangravitationalrelationshipsinsuchawaythatthediskremainsstable,indicatingthatitispossiblethatthesepredictedinstabilitiesdonotoccur.（在最近的工作中，Abramowicz已經表明，由廣義相對論引起的附加引力效應可能會改變預期的牛頓引力關系，使圓盤保持穩定，這表明這些預測的不穩定性可能不會發生。）”，從而得出本題答案。

6.

事實細節題。信息點定位為原文最后一段第一句。根據“involvedefiningandproposingsolutionstorestrictedproblemsjustaswasdoneinthiscase（就像在本例中所做的那樣，涉及到對受限問題的定義和提出解決方案）”即可得出本題答案。

7.

事實細節題。根據題干將信息點定位到原文第一段第四句。根據“Themodelingofaccretiondisksisstillinitsinfancy,asituationanalogoustothedayswhenordinarystarsweremodeledbyusingelementaryscalinglawswithoutbenefitofknowledgeofthenuclearprocessesthatpowerthestars.（吸積盤的建模仍處于初級階段，類似于普通恒星使用基本尺度定律建模的日子，而不需要了解恒星的核反應過程。）”即可得出本題答案。

8.

細節事實題。根據題干信息將本題信息點定位到原文第二段第二句。“Inthesesystems,matterfromtheouterlayersofanordinarystarisattractedbythegravitationalinfluenceofanearbyorbitingwhitedwarfstar,thematterlostfromtheordinarystarcannotstrikethesurfaceofthetinywhitedwarfdirectlybutsettlesintoanorbitaroundthestar.（在這些系統中，來自普通恒星外層的物質受到附近環繞白矮星的引力影響而被吸引，普通恒星失去的物質不能直接撞擊微小白矮星的表面，而是進入圍繞恒星的軌道。）”從而得出本題答案。

9.

細節推斷題。根據題干信息可將本題信息點定位為原文最后一段。根據段落信息合理推斷后即可得出本題答案。

3.單選題

Our（

）withthePresidentattheairportwasexciting.

問題1選項

A.arrival

B.encounter

C.endeavor

D.refreshment

【答案】B

【解析】根據句意:我們在機場偶遇總統,這真的令人激動不已。只有選項B符合句意。

4.翻譯題

Inalmosteveryformofmedia,includingtelevision,newspapersandmagazines,agreatdealattentionispaidtothepersonallivesofcelebrities.Itseemsthatthepubliccannotgetenoughofthiskindofnews.However,Ibelievethatthemediahavearesponsibilitytopresentabalancedviewoftheworld,aswellasrespectthelivesofpublicfigures.Therefore,Ibelievethatthemediapaytoomuchattentiontothepersonallivesoffamouspeople.

Forpeoplewhoarefascinatedwiththelivesofpublicfigurestherearesomeformsofmediadevotedexclusivelytothistopic.TheycansatisfytheircuriositybybuyingfanmagazinesandwatchingTVshowsdevotedtoentertainmentnews.Thegeneralmediashouldpresentalltypesofinformationbecausepeoplehavedifferentinterests.Furthermore,thepracticeofdwellingontheprivatelivesofcelebritiescanleadpeopletopaymoreattentiontothesemattersthantheyotherwisewould.Perhapsmostimportantly,themediashouldrespecttheprivacyofeveryindividual,includingpublicfigures.Theymayhavechosentobeinthepubliceye,butthatdoesgivethepublictherighttoknoweverythingaboutthem.Moreover,manystoriesaboutcelebritiesareuntrue;theyareonlygossipreportedto-increasesalesofmagazinesandothermedia.Theyareunfairtothefamousandmisleadthepublic.

Forallofthesereasons,Ibelievethatthemediashouldpaymoreattentiontomattersotherthantheprivatelivesofpublicfigures.Inthisway,theycanappealtoawideraudienceandencouragepeopletodevelopotherinterests.Inmyopinion,themediacurrentlypaytoomuchattentiontotheprivatelivesofpublicfigures.

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

【答案】【參考譯文】

幾乎每一種媒體，包括電視、報紙和雜志，都把許多焦點放在名人的私生活上。公眾似乎對這類新聞一直感興趣。然而，我認為媒體有責任以公正的觀點報道時事，并尊重公眾人物的生活。因此，我認為媒體確實過分關注名人的私生活。

因為有些人對公眾人物的生活很著迷，所以有些媒體就專門報道這個話題。他們可以通過購買針對歌迷發行的雜志和觀看電視節目的娛樂新聞來滿足自己的好奇心。一般媒體應該提供所有類型的信息，因為人們的興趣各不相同。此外，老是糾纏于名人的私生活會讓人們比平時更關注這些事情。也許最重要的是，媒體應該尊重每個人的隱私，包括公眾人物的隱私。他們可能選擇了出現在公眾的視線中，但那并不表示大眾有權知道他們的一切。此外，許多關于名人的故事都是不真實的；它們只是用來增加雜志和其他媒體銷量的八卦報道。那些不實的報道不僅對名人不公平，還會誤導公眾。

基于所有這些理由，我認為媒體應該多關注公眾人物私生活以外的事情。通過這種方式，他們可以吸引更廣泛的受眾，并鼓勵人們培養其他興趣。在我看來，目前的媒體過于關注公眾人物以及他們的私生活。

5.單選題

Somecityplannersbelievethateachcityis（）:inotherwords,becauseofculturaldifferences,onecitycan'tsimplycopyothers.

問題1選項

A.separated

B.cutoff

C.unique

D.integrated

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。separated“分開的”；cutoff“切斷，中斷”；unique“獨特的，獨一無二的”；integrated“綜合的，完整的”。根據冒號后面的內容：由于文化差異，一個城市不能簡單地復制其他城市。由此可知，一些城市規劃者認為每個城市都是獨一無二的。所以選項C正確。

6.單選題

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatisitbecausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessingandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak,theU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneoftheprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotiveassemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexamininghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry'swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducationhowever,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn'tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries（）.

2.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.S.workforcesisthat（）.

3.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestortoshowthateducationemerged（）.

4.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation（）.

問題1選項

A.isconventionaldowngraded

B.hasbeenoverestimated

C.issubjecttogroundlessdoubts

D.hasfallenvictimofbias

問題2選項

A.theU.S.workforceismoreorganize

B.theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive

C.theU.S.workforcehasabettereducation

D.theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined

問題3選項

A.asaresultofpressureongovernment

B.whenpeoplenolongerwenthungry

C.C.priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

D.whenpeoplehadenoughtime

問題4選項

A.followedimprovedproductivity

B.doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

C.resultsdirectlyfromthecompetitiveenvironments

D.cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.細節事實題。題目問的是“作者在第一段中認為教育在貧窮國家的重要性……”。文章第一段第二句后半句提到“傳統觀點認為教育應該是促進貧窮國家經濟快速發展的最高優先事項之一，這種觀點是錯誤的”(however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong)，由此可知貧窮國家教育的重要性被高估了，因此選項B符合題意。

2.細節事實題。題目問的是“日本和美國勞動力的一個主要區別是什么？”文章第二段最后提到研究表明豐田、尼桑和本田位于美國的工廠的生產率大約是日本同行的95%（YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts），由此可以推測出日本的生產率比美國的要高，因此選項B符合題意。

3.細節事實題。題目問的是“作者引用我們祖先的例子來說明教育的出現……”。文章第四段第二句話提到“我們懷疑，即使政府不強迫，持續的經濟增長也會促進教育的發展”(Wehavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit)；當我們的祖先還在狩獵和采集的時候，除了尋找食物，他們沒有時間去思考其他的事情，由此可知教育之所以出現，是因為不需要去擔心食物的問題，選項B“人們不再挨餓”符合題意。

4.細節事實題。題目問的是“根據文章最后一段可知教育的發展……”。文章最后一段的第一句提到隨著教育的進步，人類的生產潛力也增加了(Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell),選項A“伴隨生產力的提升”符合題意。

7.單選題

Themostsuccessfulwaytosolvethelanguageproblemwhileaforeignplayisbeingperformedis______translation.

問題1選項

A.homogeneous

B.simultaneous

C.instantaneous

D.spontaneous

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.homogeneous同種類的B.simultaneous同時發生（或進行）的；同步的

C.instantaneous立即的；立刻的D.spontaneous自發的；非籌劃安排的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據關鍵信息whileaforeignplayisbeingperformed（在外國戲劇上演時）和translation可推知，在看戲劇時，解決語言問題的辦法就是同聲傳譯，simultaneoustranslation表示“同聲傳譯”，該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】在外國戲劇上演時，解決語言問題最成功的方法就是同聲傳譯。

8.單選題

Theteachersofthecollegearemakinggreateffortsto（

）intheirstudentsthehabitofspeakingEnglish.

問題1選項

A.cultivate

B.accomplish

C.assist

D.require

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。cultivate“培養，陶冶”；accomplish“完成，實現”；assist“幫助”；require“需要，要求”。句意：這所大學的老師花很多努力培養學生說外語的習慣。A項符合題意，答案A

9.單選題

Thestorywas（）;itwascompletelyuntrue.

問題1選項

A.facilitated

B.fascinated

C.fabricated

D.formulated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項facilitated“促進；幫助”；B選項fascinated“使著迷；使陶醉”；C選項fabricated“編造；虛構”；D選項formulated“規劃”。句意：這個故事是……的，完全不真實。根據后面的評價completelyuntrue“一點也不真實”，可以知道這個故事是編造而成的。因此C選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Thismountainrangehasmanyhigh______andfertilevalleys.

問題1選項

A.peaks

B.hills

C.phases

D.pink

【答案】B

【解析】【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項peaks“山頂；頂峰”；B選項hills“山丘；（道路的）斜坡”；C選項phases“階段”；D選項pink“粉紅色”。句意：這條山脈有許多高______和肥沃的山谷。根據語境，這里指的是這條山脈包含了許多座山，B選項hills“山丘”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

11.單選題

Goingintothediningroomwherethebanquetwasgivenlastnight,Icanseethe（）arestillonthetable.

問題1選項

A.remains

B.relics

C.remnants

D.surplus

【答案】A

【解析】句意:走進昨晚舉行宴會的餐廳后，我能看到剩余的飯菜依然在桌上。

考查名詞辨析。四個選項均為對應名詞的復數形式。remain遺跡，剩余（物），殘骸；relics遺物，紀念物；remnant剩余（主要的部分被使用后的剩余），遺跡；surplus剩余（指超過需要數量之外的剩余），［貿易］順差，盈余。因此A符合句意。

12.單選題

Beinginnogreathurry,（

）.

問題1選項

A.wewentthelongrouteandscenery

B.thelong,scenicroutewasourpreference

C.wetookthelong,scenicroute

D.ourpreferencewastakingthelong,scenicroute.

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語前半句為現在分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應為we.采取……路線通常用take…route.故C項正確。句意：由于我們不趕時間，所以選了一條長的，風景好的路線。

13.單選題

Booksdoasmuchharmasgoodandspreadfalsehoodanderror______knowledgeoftruth.

問題1選項

A.nolessthan

B.nomorethan

C.nolessas

D.nomoreas

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項nolessthan“不少于”，B項nomorethan“只是，僅僅”，C項nolessas與D項nomoreas沒有這種用法。句意：書籍所帶來的利弊是均衡的，它們所傳播的謊言和錯誤不少于知識與真理。故正確答案為A。

14.單選題

Eachofthemhadadifferent（）ofwhatactuallyhappened,butherswasfarmorebelievable.

問題1選項

A.message

B.theory

C.version

D.comment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項message“消息”；B選項theory“理論，原理”；C選項version“版本，說法”；D選項comment“評論，意見”。句意：每個人對實際發生的事情都有不同的說法，但她的說法更可信。選項C符合語境。

15.單選題

Smugglingisa（）activitywhichmightbringdestructiontooureconomy;therefore,itmustbebanned.

問題1選項

A.pertinent

B.fruitful

C.detrimental

D.casual

【答案】C

【解析】句意:走私是一種非法活動，可能會破壞經濟，因此，必須禁止。

考查形容詞辨析。pertinent相關的，恰當的;fruitful富有成效的，多產的;detrimental有害的，不利的；casual隨便的，非正式的。根據整個句意可知應選擇表示負面意義的詞，故選C。

16.單選題

（）adelay,thetrainwillarriveinShanghaiat6:30a.m.

問題1選項

A.Except

B.Barring

C.Apartfrom

D.Onaccountof

【答案】B

【解析】介詞詞義解析。except“除了”；barring“倘若”；apartfrom“除……以外”；onaccountof“由于”。題中adelay是一個名詞，所以需填入介詞。句意：倘若沒有延誤的話，或者應該會在上午六點半到達上海。選項B符合題意。

17.單選題

Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.Butalltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoeslittletohelpaveragepeople.

ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouseSpeakerProTemporePatriciaHaddad,toensure"genderparity"onboardsandcommissions,provideacaseinpoint.

HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsarelessthan40percentfemale.Inordertoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposinggovernmentquotas.Ifthebillsbecomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50percentofboardseatsforwomenby2022.

ThebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifornia,whichlastyearbecamethefirststatetorequiregenderquotasforprivatecompanies.Insigningthemeasure,CaliforniaGovernorJerryBrownadmittedthatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobablyunconstitutional.

TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedtoaddressan"important"policyinterest.BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,evenwherethereisnohistoryofpriordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatestheconstitutionalguaranteeof"equalprotection".

Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?Femaleparticipationoncorporateboardsmaynotcurrentlymirrorthepercentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,butsowhat?

Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernmentinterference.

AccordingtoastudybyCatalyst,between2010and2015theshareofwomenontheboardsofglobalcorporationsincreasedby54percent.

Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboardmembershipwillinevitablyleadtolessexperiencedprivatesectorboards.ThatisexactlywhathappenedwhenNorwayadoptedanationwidecorporategenderquota.

WritinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatincreasingthenumberofopportunitiesforboardmembershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomentoserveonsuchboardshasledtoa"goldenskirt"phenomenon,wherethesameelitewomenscoopupmultipleseatsonavarietyofboards.

Nexttimesomebodypushescorporatequotasasawaytopromotegenderequity,rememberthatsuchpoliciesarelargelyself-servingmeasuresthatmaketheirsponsorsfeelgoodbutdolittletohelpaveragewomen.

1.TheauthorbelievesthatthebillssponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwills（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheCaliforniameasure?

3.TheauthormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoillustrate（

）.

4.Norway'sadoptionofanationwidecorporategenderquotahasledto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?

問題1選項

A.helplittletoreducegenderbias

B.poseathreattothestategovernment

C.raisewomen'spositioninpolitics

D.greatlybroadencareeroptions

問題2選項

A.Ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowners.

B.ItiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt.

C.ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.

D.Itwillsettlethepriorcontroversies.

問題3選項

A.theharmfromarbitraryboarddecision

B.theimportanceofconstitutionalguarantees

C.thepressureonwomeninglobalcorporations

D.theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions

問題4選項

A.theunderestimationofelitewomen'srole

B.theobjectiontofemaleparticipationonboards

C.theentryofunqualifiedcandidatesintotheboard

D.thegrowingtensionbetweenlaborandmanagement

問題5選項

A.Women'sneedinemploymentshouldbeconsidered.

B.Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicy-making.

C.Everyoneshouldtryhardtopromotesocialjustice.

D.Majorsocialissuesshouldbethefocusoflegislation.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.態度題。縱觀全文，文章一直在論述該法案，在最后一段作者提出了自己的想法，下次有人把企業配額作為促進性別平等的一種方式。請記住，這些基本上都是自私自利的措施，讓他們的贊助商感覺良好