曹YANGTZEUNIVERSITY畢業(yè)論文題目名稱：田 題目類型： 學(xué)生姓名： 院（系）： 專業(yè)班級(jí)： 指導(dǎo)教師： 輔導(dǎo)教師： 時(shí)間：2011年12月20日至2012年6月5日略談?dòng)⒆g漢中重復(fù)法榮章橋總計(jì)：畢業(yè)論文22頁(yè)指導(dǎo)教師：田傳茂評(píng)閱教師：楊先明完成日期：2012年6月5日OnrepetitioninTranslationfromEnglishto

ChineseAThesisPresentedtotheSchoolofForeignLanguagesYangtzeUniversityByRongZhangqiaoInPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsFortheDegreeofBachelorofArtsJune2012ThesisSupervisorTianChuanmao

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,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,21致謝55555555555555555555555523附錄1文獻(xiàn)翻譯（譯文）24附錄II文獻(xiàn)翻譯（原文）28長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）評(píng)閱教師評(píng)語(yǔ)-Targettext:在第一次大學(xué)聚會(huì)上，我們談到我們自己，談到我們家庭，談到我們的愛(ài)好，談到我們的理想，談到彼此的情況一一談到一切，只是不談我們的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)。HenoIongerdreamedofstorms,orofgreatoccurrences,orofgreatfish,orfights,orcontestsofstrength.Targettext:他不再夢(mèng)見(jiàn)風(fēng)暴，不再夢(mèng)見(jiàn)驚人的遭遇，也不再夢(mèng)見(jiàn)到大魚(yú)、搏斗和角力。TheyforgetthedemocraticcentralismwhichsubordinateStheminoritytothemajority,thelowerleveltothehigherlevel,theparttothewholeandthewholePartytothecentralcommittee.Targettext:他們忘記了少數(shù)服從多數(shù)，下級(jí)服從上級(jí)，全黨服從中央的民主集中制。Fromtheabovethreeexampleswecanseethatthepatternverb+prepositionistobeadoptedseveraltimesintheseveralEnglishsentences,andtheverbisoftenomittedafterthefirstuse.ButinE-Ctranslation,theverbisrepeatedforseveraltimes.Sometimes,eveniftheprepositionisalsoomitted,itsverbshouldberepeatedinChinesetranslation.Forexamples:TheywantedtodetermineifhecompliedwiththetermsofhisemploymentandhisobligationsasanAmerican.Targettext:他們想要確定，他是否履行了受雇條件，是否履行了作為美國(guó)公民所應(yīng)盡的職責(zé)。Buttheydidnotshowitandtheyspokepolitelyaboutthecurrentandthedepthstheyhaddriftedtheirlinesatandthesteadygoodweatherandofwhattheyhadseen.Targettext:但是他們并沒(méi)有把感情流露出來(lái)，只是斯斯文文地講起海流，講起他們把釣絲送進(jìn)海水的深度，講起好久不變的好天氣，還講起他們所看到的一切。Buthiswifekeptdinninginhisearsabouthisidleness,hiscarelessness,andtheruinhewasbringingonhisfamily.Targettext:可是他老婆不斷地在他耳朵邊嘮叨個(gè)沒(méi)完， 說(shuō)他懶惰，說(shuō)他粗心，并且說(shuō)他一家人都要?dú)г谒纳砩?。PronounrepetitionEnglishoftenusesthepronounsinsteadofthenounsappearedinthelastsentencetoavoidrepeating,buttheChineseisusedtorepeatnounsinthewholesentence.Englishpronounsaredividedintoavarietyofpronouns,suchaspersonalpronoun,indefinitepronoundemonstrativepronounandrelativepronoun.Englishusesthepronounsfrequently,butChineseuniessnecessary,shouldnotcommonlyusepronouns.(XiaoLiming,2002:37)Therefore,inE-Ctranslation,inadditiontousetheliteraltranslationappropriatelytotranslatesomepronounsoftheoriginalarticle,westilloftenrepeatsthenounswhichreplacedbysomepronouns,inordertomakethemeaningofthetranslationclear.Forexamples:TheclimateinJingzhouisalmostthesameasthatofXiantao.Targettext:荊州的氣候和仙桃的氣候基本一樣。Hehatedfailure;hehadconquereditallhislife,risenaboveit,despiseditinothers.Targettext:他討厭失敗，他一生中曾戰(zhàn)勝失敗，超越失敗，并且藐視別人的失敗。TwothingsareoutstandinginthecreationoftheEnglishsystemofcanals,andtheycharacterizealltheIndustrialRevolution.Targettext:在修建英國(guó)的運(yùn)河網(wǎng)的過(guò)程中，有兩點(diǎn)是非常突出的，而這兩點(diǎn)也正是工業(yè)革命的特點(diǎn)。Herfatherisafamousprofessor,butIcannotfindanyscholarlypreteneeinhim.Targettext:她的父親是一位知名的教授，但是我在她的父親身上沒(méi)有看到任何故作姿態(tài)的學(xué)者做派。InChina,theymademistakessufferedbythem,acknowledgedandstudiedthem,thusplannedvictory.Targettext:在中國(guó)他們犯過(guò)錯(cuò)誤，吃過(guò)錯(cuò)誤的虧，承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，研究錯(cuò)誤，從而制定了勝利的方針。Inthefiveexamplesabove,theuseofrepetitioninChinesemakesthatthetranslationshavegreatpersuasionanditsmeaningbecomeclear.“InEnglish,possessivepronounssuchasits,his,theirandsoon,areoftenadoptedtosubstituteforanounwhichisinthepositionofthesubjectofthesentence,andinE-Ctranslationweoftendonotusepronounsandrepeatthenounsasthesubjectinthesentence,inordertoachievethepurposeofspecific.(ZhangPeiji,2010:78)Forexamples:Eachhashisownstrengths.Targettext:各人有各人的長(zhǎng)處。Happyfamiliesalsohadtheirowntroubles.Targettext:幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦惱。Abignationhasitsproblemswhileasmallnationhasitsadvantages.Targettext:大國(guó)有大國(guó)的問(wèn)題，小國(guó)有小國(guó)的有利條件。InEnglish,whenfocusingonrelationshipspronounorrelationshipsadverbssuchaswhoever,whenever,wherever,andsoon,weoftenusethetranslationrepetitiontodealwiththem(ZhangPeiji,2010:79).Forexamples:Wherevercruelexploitationexisted,therewouldbestruggle.Targettext:哪里有殘酷的壓迫，哪里就有斗爭(zhēng)。Cometoseemewheneveryouarefree.Targettext:你什么時(shí)候有空，就什么時(shí)候來(lái)找我。Whoeverviolatorsthedisciplinesshouldbecriticized.Targettext:誰(shuí)違反了紀(jì)律，誰(shuí)就該受到批評(píng)。Youmayborrowwhichevernovelinmybookcaseyoulikebest.Targettext:我書(shū)架上的小說(shuō)你最愛(ài)哪一本，你就可以借哪一本。Fromtheabovefourexamples,wecanseethat,intheChinesetranslationrepeatingtherelationshipadverbsandrelationshippronouns,makesthewholesentencemorerhythmandconvincing.Whenweusethestructurelikessome…andothers…inthesentence,thesubjectoftenisthepredicaterepeatedformsof”wordstructure.Sometimeswcanalsousesomeotherstructureslikethestructure有的??…；有的??to?translatetheaboveEnglishstructure.Forexamples:Somehaveenteredcollegeandothershavegonetothecountryside.Targettext:上大學(xué)的，上大學(xué)了；下鄉(xiāng)的，下鄉(xiāng)了。(=有的上大學(xué)了，有的下鄉(xiāng)了。)Someplayedfootballandothersplayedbasketball.Targettext:踢足球的，踢足球去了，打籃球的，打籃球去了。(二有的踢足球去了，有的打籃球去了。)OnSundayafternoon,somereviewedtheirlessons,andothershelpedthecooksintheirwork.Targettext:星期日的下午，復(fù)習(xí)功課的復(fù)習(xí)功課，幫廚的幫廚。(二星期日的下午，有的復(fù)習(xí)功課，有的幫廚。)Inordertomakethetranslationclearandspecific,inadditiontothesomekindsofrepetitionwementionabove,thereisstillakindofcase:ThereisnorepetitionintheoriginalEnglishversion,butintranslation,wecanusetherepetitiontoorusesynonymstorepeatinthetranslationofChinese.ForExamples:Pleasewaitamoment.Targettext:請(qǐng)等一等。Hewasproficientbothasaflyerandasanavigator.Targettext:他既精于飛行，又善于導(dǎo)航。Ihadmetwithgreatdifficultyinlearningorganicchemistry.Targettext:在學(xué)有機(jī)化學(xué)這門課程的時(shí)候，我碰到了 重重困難。OurreceptioninChina,hewouldtellpeople,“wasenormouslygraciousandpolite”;weweretreated “extraordinarilywell, ”thetalkswere “verybusinessprecise,norhetoriconeitherside. ”Targettext:他逢人就說(shuō)，中國(guó)接待我非常周到，客氣極了”；給我們的待遇好的不得了”；會(huì)談非常務(wù)實(shí)，非常明確，雙方都不說(shuō)空話”。Inthefourexamplesabove,thefourwordslikewait,proficient,greatandenormously,donotrepeatinEnglish,butwhentranslatedintoChinesetheyallhavebeenrepeatedindifferentforms.FunctionsofrepetitionAnarticleinthetranslationofthebeautynotonlyshouldexpresstheoriginalintention,butalsoshowusavividimagetohelpustounderstandthetranslation.Andtoachievethisrequirementistranslatorstopursue.Atthistime,asakindofthetranslationskills,repetitionisworkedoutofresearchbycountlesspredecessors.Andrepetitionhasfourfunctions.EmphasisInEnglishsentences,weoftenrepeatthekeywordstoexpresstheemphasis,andinthiswaythesesentencescanmakeagreatimpressiononthereaders.WhendoingE-Ctranslationwecanalsousethesamerepetitivemethods.Forexample:WhentherearekeywordsrepeatedintheEnglish,wecankeepthesamewordsrepeatedinChinesetranslation.Forexamples:Homeishomebeiteversohomely.Targettext:盡管如此簡(jiǎn)陋，家總是家。Whatwewanted,firstandforemost,istolearn,tolearnandtolearn.Targettext:我們首先需要的是學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)習(xí)，再學(xué)習(xí)。NoonecanbeperfectlyhappytillallarehappyTargettext:當(dāng)所有人得到幸福的時(shí)候，你才會(huì)感到無(wú)限幸福。Heisourfriend,agoodfiend.Targettext:他是我們的朋友，好朋友。Hedemandedtotalloyalty;notloyaltyinthetraditionalsense,notpositiveloyalty;buttotalloyalty;notjusttoofficeorparty,orconcept,butloyaltyfirstandforemosttoLyndonJohnson.Targettext:他要求的是絕對(duì)忠誠(chéng)，不是傳統(tǒng)意義上的忠誠(chéng)，也不是一般的忠誠(chéng)，而是絕對(duì)的忠誠(chéng)，不只是對(duì)職務(wù)、政黨或觀念的忠誠(chéng)，而是首先對(duì)約翰遜的忠誠(chéng)。WhentherearekeywordsrepeatedintheEnglish,wecanrepeatthewordsbythesynonymsinChinesetranslation.Forexamples:Iknowhehatesme,butIalsohatehim.SoIdeterminetochangemydormitorytokeepawayhim.Targettext:我知道他恨我，我也嫌他。所以我決定換寢室以此來(lái)遠(yuǎn)離他。Everychangeofseason,everychangeofweather,everyhourofthedayproducessomechangeinthemagicalhuesandshapeofthesemountains;andtheyareregardedbyallgoodwives,farandnear,asperfectbarometers.Targettext:季節(jié)的每一次更替，氣候的每一次轉(zhuǎn)變，乃至一天中的每一個(gè)小時(shí)，都給這些山巒的奇幻色彩和形態(tài)帶來(lái)變化，遠(yuǎn)近的主婦都把這些看作是準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間表。Fromtheabovetwoexampleswecanseethatthe恨"and"嫌","轉(zhuǎn)變"and"更替"aresynonyms,butintheoriginalEnglish,theyarethesamewords.Totranslatethesamewordsintothesynonymscangiveusadeeperemphasisinthe"hate"and"change".422VividnessEveniftherearenowordsrepeatedintheEnglish,butwhendoingtranslation,sometimeswestillusetherepetitioninChinesetranslation.Becauserepeatingthekeywordscanmakethetranslationlivelyandconvincing.“Therearealotoffour-characterphrasesinChineseandtheyareanimportantcharacteristicofChinese.Theyarerefinedexpressions,readfluently,andhaveasenseofrhythm.Ifusedappropriately,theycanmathetranslationlivelyandvivid,enhancingtherhetoricaleffect.Inordertomakethetranslationconformtothestandardofbeingfaithfulandfluently,sometimestranslatorscanusetwohomoionymsorsynonymsoffour-characterphrases.Itcanalsobeamethodofrepetitions.”(ZhangPpj2010:84)Forexamples:Therehasbeentoomuclpublicityaboutheraffairwiththemanager.Targettext:她和經(jīng)理的桃色事件已經(jīng)搞得滿城風(fēng)雨、人人皆知。Eachstaredspeechlesslyttheother,andallfellfeelytotheground.Targettext:一個(gè)個(gè)面面相覷、啞口無(wú)言，都軟倒在地。Healwaysvolunteerecforthemostdangerousmissions.Targettext:他總是毛遂自薦、自告奮勇要求執(zhí)行最危險(xiǎn)的任務(wù)。Fromtheabovethreeexamples,thesentencecanexpressthemostimportantmeaningeasilyandvividlyoftheoriginalEnglishintheChinesetranslation.Itisbecauseoftherepeateduseoffour-characterphrasesinChinesewhichisaverycommonuseinChineseIanguagetohelppeopleunderstandvividly.Sometimesinthefour-characterphrasesofChinese,theformertwowordsexpressthesamemeaningasthelatertwo.Inthiscase,thetwophrasesformtheantithesisphrase,anditisalsoamethodofrepetition.Forexamples:Greatcontributions豐功偉績(jī)Happy興高采烈Sad傷心失意Vivid生動(dòng)活潑Arroganee驕傲自大Grotesque奇形怪狀Wishfulthinking癡心妄想Humbleoneself卑躬屈膝Alengthyspeech長(zhǎng)篇大論Inchaos烏煙瘴氣Fromthetenwordsandphrases,wecanseethetwowordsarethesynonymsinChinesetranslation,that'stosay,weusetherepetitioninthetranslation.Likethewords"卑躬屈膝",itgiveusavividpicturetodescribehowonepeopleisflatteringothersthroughtwoactions.Itisreallyvividtouserepetitionlikethis.423SemanticclarityInsomecases,oneneedstorepeatcertainwords,andonlyrepeatedmeaningscanmakethesentenceclear.Inordertoachieveaccuracyandfluencyintranslation,weoftenrepeatsomekeywords.Forexamples:Tohim,thebirdssang,thesquirrelchatteredandtheflowersbloomed.Targettext:鳥(niǎo)兒向他歌唱，松鼠對(duì)他嘰咕，花兒也為他開(kāi)放。IntheEnglishthepreposition“o”haven'beenrepe^ed,butthetranslationrepeatitwiththethreewords向”，對(duì)”and為”Ifwehaven'repeatedthekeywordtO”,thetranslationwouldhavechangedlike:Targettexttwo:對(duì)他，鳥(niǎo)兒歌唱，松鼠嘰咕，花兒開(kāi)放。havInthiscasethesubjects “birds”, “squirrel”edodetheiowerns,”havbutwecannotknowsurelywhattheydidforordidto.Butinthefirsttranslation,wecaneasilyunderstandtheobjectstheydidtheactionsto.Therearealsomanyotherexampleslike:Wecaughtaglimpseoftheleadinghorsesandofahorsemanvanishingthroughtherain.Targettext:我們瞥見(jiàn)了領(lǐng)先的馬群，也瞥見(jiàn)了馬上的騎士消失在雨中。Allofthesearrangementswereapreludetothball,thehostess'ultimateprize.Targettext:所有這些安排都只是這次舞會(huì)的序曲，舞會(huì)才是女主人的最終目的。4.2.4EleganceSincetheancienttimes,theChineseculturehaspaidattentiontothebalanceandsymmetrical,itistheaestheticpsychologyofChinesepeople,alsoChinesecharacteristicsofthebones.RepeatedbeautyisjustaChineseaestheticideaofit,inChinese,wehavealotofrepeatedwordsanditisalsoakindofrepetitions.InE-Ctranslation,wecanreasonablyusethiswordsoverlapped,toachievetheeffectofrepeatedbeautyfittingtoourChineseaestheticidea.Forexamples:Jackhaditallwrittenoutclearly.Targettext:杰克已經(jīng)把它寫(xiě)的清清楚楚。Mostpeople'islfet.Targettext:大部分人的生活是平平淡淡的。Hischildren,too,wereasraggedandwildasiftheybelongedtonobody.Targettext:他的那些孩子，也是穿得破破爛爛，而且粗野不堪，就像沒(méi)有父母似的。Onlyveryslightandveryscatteringripplesofhalf-heartedhand-clappinggreetedhim.Targettext:歡迎他的只有幾下輕輕的、零零落落、冷冷淡淡的掌聲。Withhistardinesscarelessnessandappallinggoodhumor,weweresoreperplexed.Targettext:他老是磨磨蹭蹭，馬馬虎虎，脾氣又好的驚人，我們都對(duì)他毫無(wú)辦法。ConclusionWhetherinEnglishorChinesearticle,repetitionisamethodweuseoften..Inthespeech,usingrepetitioncanmakethecontentpersuasive.Inthearticle,usingrepetitioncanmakethearticlemoreaestheticfeeling.InE-Ctranslation,appropriatelyusingrepetitionintheChinesetranslationdoesnotgivepeopledullorwindbagfeeling.Instead,itcanmaketheeffectofrepeatingemphasis.Sometimesitcanalsoenhancetheideologicalcontentandmilitancy.SoweshouldcorrectlyusetherepetitioninE-Ctranslation,sothatwecanworkonmoretranslationtoanewlevel,attractmorereaders,getmorepraise.ButthepaperaboveonlydiscussestherepetitioninE-Ctranslation,andshowsthatmorerepetitionsareemployedinChinesethaninEnglish.IhopethatsomeonegiveusafurtherresearchindealingwithrepetitioninC-Etranslationandthetypesofrepetitionofit.ibliographyBell,T.R:TranslationandTranslatingTheoryandPractice[M].LondonandNewYork:Long-man,1995.Newark,P:ATextbookofTranslation[M].ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress,1988.RichardE.Porter.RepetitioninE-CTranslation:ACoursebookonTranslation[M].Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress,2000.WilsonFollett:ATwo-sidedConventionalFrameworkforEnglish-ChineseandChinese-EnglishTranslation[M].Beijing:HigherEducationPress,2005.⑸陳宏薇.新實(shí)用漢譯英教程[M].武漢：湖北教育出版社，1996.范仲英.翻譯教程[M].上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社，1994.李明.英漢互動(dòng)翻譯教程[M].武漢：武漢大學(xué)出版社，2006林相周.英語(yǔ)理解與翻譯[M].上海：上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社，1998.劉宓慶.漢英對(duì)比研究與翻譯[M].南昌：江西教育出版社，1991.劉家鳳.漢英人稱代詞翻譯中的形容詞性物主代詞探討 [J].西南民族大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)，2008.毛榮貴.英譯漢技巧新編[M].北京：外文出版社,2003.孟慶生.新編英漢翻譯教程[M].遼寧：遼寧大學(xué)出版社，2003.穆雷.中國(guó)翻譯教學(xué)研究[M].上海：上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社，1999.呂俊.英漢翻譯教程[M].上海：上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社，2000.田傳茂，楊先明.漢英翻譯策略[M].上海：華東師范大學(xué)出版社，2008.王銳.英漢翻譯對(duì)比研究及翻譯策略[J].齊齊哈爾大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)（哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版），2009.P.78-82肖立明.英漢比較研究與翻譯[M].上海：上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社,2002.趙桂華.翻譯理論與技巧[M].哈爾濱：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社,2002張道真.實(shí)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法[M].商務(wù)印刷館，1995張培基.英漢翻譯教程[M].上海：上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社，2010張春柏.英漢漢英翻譯教程[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2003莊國(guó)衛(wèi).《英漢翻譯教程?重復(fù)法》譯例誤譯分析[J].鹽城師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)（人文社會(huì)科學(xué)版）,2010.P.54-60[23]王曉燕.淺談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)翻譯中的重復(fù)法[J].現(xiàn)代企業(yè)文化理論版，2009.P.44-46AcknowledgmentFirstIwouldliketothankmySupervisorProfessorTianChuanmao.Withouthiscarefulandinsightfuladvicethisthesiscouldnothavebeenwrittensmoothly,andwithouthisshapingandrevisingthemanuscriptofthethesisitcouldnothavebeenapprovedwiththeYangtzeUniversitytogetthedegree'sdiploma.Againheartfeltthankstohim.Forthefouryears'patieneeandencouragementinstudy,Iamgratefultoallmyteachers,friendsandothersworkingintheCollege.1wouldliketothankmyclassmateswhohelpmealotinthepastfouryears.FinallyI'dliketothankmydearparentswhosparednoefforttosupportme.Ihopethatmyeffortswillbeworthyoftheirloveandencouragement.附件一：文獻(xiàn)翻譯(譯文)LiteratureTranslation(ChineseTranslation):李紅梅著，榮章橋譯，轉(zhuǎn)引自TimeEducation,2010,11(062)重復(fù)常用于英語(yǔ)政治公共演講，使激發(fā)公眾的感情，它容易被人記住和轉(zhuǎn)移。本文旨在分析重復(fù)的功能和不同層次的重復(fù)，在英語(yǔ)政治公開(kāi)演講中重復(fù)能突出演講的意義和它在實(shí)踐中的能力。對(duì)公眾來(lái)說(shuō)，公眾演講是一個(gè)重要的社會(huì)活動(dòng)。在西方國(guó)家，公眾演講，可以追溯到古希臘和羅馬時(shí)代。它主要用于參考作出決策。隨著人類歷史的發(fā)展，它更廣泛地受聘在該地區(qū)的政治爭(zhēng)論，科學(xué)的討論，并鼓勵(lì)年輕一代，一個(gè)人，有說(shuō)服力地或推理地?zé)崆橘澴u(yù)。但更強(qiáng)大的和精心設(shè)計(jì)的公眾演講仍然適用于在政治領(lǐng)域。政治公開(kāi)演講，可以采取公開(kāi)演講或清晰，節(jié)奏，生動(dòng)，在演講平衡和力量創(chuàng)造的興趣和刺激的激情模式。 為了達(dá)到預(yù)期的交際效果，揚(yáng)聲器已想盡辦法打動(dòng)觀眾，讓觀眾可以理解他并接受他的建議，使演講有影響力的途徑之一就是重復(fù)使用。我們往往忽視了發(fā)言，因?yàn)槲覀兙涂梢杂蟹疵娴乜坍?huà)印象中的重復(fù)使用的原由。重復(fù)意味著冗余，同義反復(fù)，無(wú)聊。在正常的言論或文字，我們很少重復(fù)一個(gè)詞，短語(yǔ)或句子。但在正式的公開(kāi)講話中，如果重復(fù)使用得當(dāng)，它可以是一個(gè)非常有效的方式來(lái)打動(dòng)觀眾。一些發(fā)言提出的上訴被保留在儲(chǔ)存室內(nèi)， 主要是由于重復(fù)的力量。政治的公開(kāi)演講，大多利用重復(fù)反映的口語(yǔ)交際的自然節(jié)奏， 取得了強(qiáng)有力的效果。1?重復(fù)功能1.1重復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)。口頭溝通不同于其他通訊方式，如印刷媒體。作家經(jīng)常訴諸的重復(fù)的方式，是在一次講話中受聘為宗旨重視。一位發(fā)言者可能會(huì)重復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的關(guān)鍵思想，以確保聽(tīng)眾并沒(méi)有忽視他們。在這種情況下，它不再是一個(gè)單一的元素——枯燥的重復(fù)，在觀眾的心目中留下深刻的印象，使重復(fù)的強(qiáng)大力量得到廣泛的認(rèn)識(shí)。1.2為清晰起見(jiàn)，重復(fù)每個(gè)重復(fù)的目的，一個(gè)作家或發(fā)件人經(jīng)常充分闡述上的一個(gè)點(diǎn)，一步一步，他澄清了一點(diǎn)，以確保他的想法沒(méi)被整個(gè)聽(tīng)者誤解。從這個(gè)角度來(lái)看， 我們還可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，重復(fù)是不沉悶。我們每個(gè)人有一個(gè)希望，就是聽(tīng)著聽(tīng)到演講的全部?jī)?nèi)容。1.3重復(fù)的節(jié)奏從嬰兒時(shí)期，我們學(xué)習(xí)嘟囔當(dāng)聽(tīng)托兒所押韻，這是簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù)組成的。重復(fù)創(chuàng)建的節(jié)奏，這是愉快的和熟悉的，從而加強(qiáng)我們的頭腦中的印象。1.4重復(fù)是驗(yàn)收我們常常發(fā)現(xiàn)，在一個(gè)公開(kāi)演講，如果上述用語(yǔ)被反復(fù)多次用于激情聽(tīng)著的感情，它可以產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的情感力量，和觀眾開(kāi)始接受它為事實(shí)。例如，如果一句“是的，我們可以”重復(fù)，它可以增加對(duì)觀眾的信心付諸實(shí)踐，因此其效果。2不同層次的重復(fù)2.1重復(fù)音節(jié)或聲音重復(fù)音節(jié)或聲音很容易發(fā)音，并在同一時(shí)間可以強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行的聲音和創(chuàng)造的節(jié)奏，從而引起觀眾的注意和講話有效。有3種重復(fù)，在這個(gè)級(jí)別有：頭韻，靈犀和諧音。所有這些語(yǔ)音方式發(fā)出來(lái)的節(jié)奏聽(tīng)起來(lái)悅耳。2.1.1頭韻頭韻在古英語(yǔ)中找到它的起源，一直說(shuō)是整個(gè)歷史( Katula,1987:192)的演說(shuō)中最流行的方式。它是在相鄰的字，不僅包括輔音的重復(fù)或群集，還有重復(fù)元音初始聲音重復(fù)。衍音聯(lián)綿聲音需要宣布獨(dú)立，從而產(chǎn)生了節(jié)奏。同時(shí)，它也適用于在演講，以達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果，執(zhí)行的想法，否則將是一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的援助，以內(nèi)存小、儲(chǔ)存大作為服務(wù)。總統(tǒng)奧巴馬使用押韻使得在講話中更有吸引力，美國(guó)已經(jīng)迎來(lái)：這個(gè)勝利本身是不是我們所尋求的改變。它是唯一的，我們的機(jī)會(huì)在進(jìn)行改變，并不能忘卻，如果我們回去過(guò)去，能不能沒(méi)有發(fā)生，沒(méi)有新服務(wù)精神，新的犧牲精神。在第一個(gè)句子，押韻使用相同的初始聲音 ［T/］開(kāi)始在“變”機(jī)會(huì)“和”變化“，在很短的間隔。重復(fù)同樣的名利場(chǎng)的聲音帶來(lái)的壓力和能引起公眾的關(guān)注?！暗姆?wù)精神”，“犧牲精神”具有相同的初始擦音聲音開(kāi)始［S］。這聲音本身就是壓力，如果用它反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)美國(guó)精神，做出改變的效果是顯而易見(jiàn)的。讓我們抵制誘惑，回到屬于同一黨派，為了雞毛蒜皮的小事和不成熟的想法，去毒害我們的政治。在“黨派和雞毛蒜皮的小事反復(fù)塞音最初的聲音”短間隔的四倍，“毒害我們的政治”。這押韻通常來(lái)說(shuō)所起到的力量，從而創(chuàng)造一個(gè)強(qiáng)烈呼吁市民放棄所有值錢的東西的想法，以個(gè)人的力量重組為一個(gè)新的美國(guó)。2.1.2類韻諧音是元音的重復(fù)。被視為一個(gè)元音是音節(jié)，從而使句子像一個(gè)美麗的歌曲的節(jié)奏。也有許多句子中使用諧音演講中，我有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想：我有一個(gè)夢(mèng)：有一天，我的四個(gè)孩子將生活在那里他們將不會(huì)受到他們的膚色，而是以他們的品格優(yōu)劣來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)一個(gè)國(guó)家。耶和華的榮耀應(yīng)陶醉，在“顏色判斷”的短語(yǔ)，“耶和華的榮耀”，重復(fù)元音聽(tīng)起來(lái)講話大聲，共振和強(qiáng)大，此外，同一元音被重復(fù)兩次而形成一個(gè)平衡的結(jié)構(gòu)，使聽(tīng)眾很容易記住。2.1.3靈犀靈犀是輔音的重復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)在同一個(gè)地方的話，（但不同的元音）。在著名的演講，我有馬丁?路德?金的夢(mèng)，有關(guān)靈犀的有許多句子：省長(zhǎng)在他的嘴唇的干預(yù)下，說(shuō)出了相反的話，讓自由之聲從密西西比的每一座山丘上回蕩。猶太人和非猶太人，新教徒和天主教徒，將能攜手和唱那首古老的黑人靈的話…在這些詞組“干預(yù)和相反，自由和回蕩，猶太人和非猶太人，新教徒和天主教徒“，靈犀作用在于實(shí)現(xiàn)演講音樂(lè)效果，并引起興趣的公開(kāi)講話觀眾。2.2重復(fù)詞在公開(kāi)場(chǎng)合演說(shuō)詞重復(fù)通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)或使句子平衡。講話改變已經(jīng)降臨美國(guó)“變”字，重復(fù)六次。 “這個(gè)關(guān)鍵單詞的復(fù)發(fā)是突出的主題是“變化”。奧巴馬總統(tǒng)希望強(qiáng)調(diào)全民族的強(qiáng)烈愿望和迫切需要改變，并提醒他的人，現(xiàn)在是美國(guó)歷史上的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。每個(gè)重復(fù)字會(huì)逐步在美國(guó)人內(nèi)心發(fā)芽生根。這是演講要實(shí)現(xiàn)和將要實(shí)現(xiàn)的權(quán)力和影響。2.3重復(fù)的條款或句子短語(yǔ)或句子重復(fù)是很常見(jiàn)的，在政治的公開(kāi)講話。用重復(fù)的句子，可以使語(yǔ)言流利如水。一方面，揚(yáng)聲器可以從熟悉的模式得到提示和期待。重復(fù)同樣的事情，觀眾可以預(yù)見(jiàn)地，因此，無(wú)論是在情感和思想上，我們都需要使用重復(fù)。例如，在他的講話變化已經(jīng)降臨美國(guó)，奧巴馬重復(fù)了一句： “是的，我們可以在”七次。美國(guó)的這一信念鼓舞了觀眾，他們都回答說(shuō)： “是的，我們能做到”。他們的熱情和信心，充分調(diào)動(dòng)他們的信戀：相信他們自己可以做到。這些話在這里回蕩，然后在美國(guó)心目中也后。因此，它是喇叭要達(dá)到的效果。另一方面，對(duì)于重復(fù)，發(fā)言者認(rèn)為它可以傳遞他的激情。馬丁?路德?金的演說(shuō)也表明重復(fù)在講話中起到了強(qiáng)大的動(dòng)力一一我有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想。在重復(fù)他的講話時(shí)，它使用的是三分球，四肢和更多的手段，這是一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。它可以作出明確的想法，更容易產(chǎn)生情感的力量，提高現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的一定氣氛。從上面的分析，我們可以有更好的感知上的重復(fù)。這意味著比沉悶的負(fù)面元素。如果使用適當(dāng)?shù)膽?zhàn)略，在政治上的公開(kāi)演講，也可以是發(fā)揮非常強(qiáng)大的力量來(lái)打動(dòng)和啟發(fā)聽(tīng)眾，因此演講的影響力，使得聽(tīng)眾接受演說(shuō)家的政治觀點(diǎn)。附件二：文獻(xiàn)翻譯(原文)LiteratureTranslation(Englishoriginal):ByHongmeiLi,excerptedfromTimeEducation,2010,11(062)RepetitionisfrequentlyusedinEnglishpoliticalpublicspeakingtomakeiteasytoberememberedandpowerfultomovethefeelingsofthepublic.ThispaperisintendedtoanalyzethefunctionsofrepetitionanddifferentlevelsofrepetitiontohighlightthesignificaneeofrepetitioninEnglishpoliticalpublicspeakingandtheabilityofusingitinpractice.Publicspeakingisanimportantsocialactivity.Inwesterncountries,publicspeakingcanbedatedbacktotheancientGreeceandRomantime.Itwasmainlyusedforargumenttomakeadecisionofthepolicy.Withthedevelopmentofhumanhistory,itismorewidelyemployedintheareasofpoliticalarguments,scientificdiscussion,andencouragementtotheyoungergeneration,enthusiasticpraiseofaperson,convincingorreasoning.Butthemorepowerfulandwell-designedpublicspeechesremaininthepoliticalfield.Politicalpublicspeechcanbetakenasmodelsofpublicspeechoritsclarity,rhythm,vividness,balaneeinspeechesandthepowertocreateinterestandstimulatepassion.Toachievethedesiredcommunicativeeffect,thespeakerhadtriedeverymeanstoimpresstheaudieneesothattheaudieneecancomprehendhimandaccepthissuggestions.Oneofthewaystomakethespeechinfluentialistheuseofrepetition.Weoftenneglectthepowerofusingrepetitioninspeechesbecauseofthenegativestereotypeswehaveonit.Repetitionmeansbeingredundant,tautological,andboring.Innormalspeechorwriting,weseldomrepeataword,phraseorsentence.Butinaformalpublicspeech,ifrepetitionisusedappropriately,itcanbeahighlyeffectivewaytoimpresstheaudienee.Theappealofsomespeechesisretainedinmemorymainlyduetothepowerofrepetition.Mostofthepoliticalpublicspeechesutilizedrepetitiontoreflectthenaturalrhythmoforal communicationandachievedemphaticeffect.1.FunctionsofRepetitionRepetitionforEmphasis.Oralcommunicationsdifferfromotherwaysofcommunicationsuchasprintmedia.Thewaywritersoraddressersoftenresorttoisrepetition,whichisemployedinaspeechforthepurposeofemphasis.Aspeakermightrepeatkeyideasforemphasistoensurethatlistenersdidnotignorethem.Inthiscase,itisnoIongertheboringrepetitionofasingleelementbutthestrongforcetoimpress,tomakethepointsringinthemindsoftheaudienee.RepetitionforClarityWitheachrepetition,awriteroranaddresseroftenfullyelaborateonapoint,andstepbystepheclarifiesthepointtoensurethathisideaisputacrosstothehearerwithoutmisinterpretation.Fromthisperspectivewecanalsofindthatrepetitionisnotdull.Wearefurnishedwithafullpictureofwhattheaddresserwantustoknow.RepetitionforRhythmFrominfancywelearntoburblewhenlisteningtonurseryrhymeswhicharecomposedofsimplerepetition.Repetitioncreatesrhythmwhichispleasantandfamiliartotheearandhencestrengthenstheimpressiononourminds.RepetitionisAcceptanceWeoftenfindthatinapublicspeech,ifanappealisrepeatedforseveraltimeswithpassion,itcangeneratestrongemotionalforce.Andtheaudiencebeginstoacceptitasfact.Forexample,ifthesentence“yes,wecanisrepeated,itcanaddontheaudiencesconfidenceinputtingtheappealintopractice,thustakeitseffect.2.RepetitionatDifferentLevelsRepetitionofSyllablesorSoundsRepeatedsyllablesorsoundsareeasytopronounceandatthesametimecanenforcethesoundsandcreaterhythm,consequentlyarousetheaudiencesattentionandmakethespeecheffective.Therearethreekindsofrepetitionatthislevel:alliteration,consonanceandassonance.Allthesephoneticdevicesmaketheaddressrhythmicalandpleasingtotheear.AlliterationAlliterationfindsitsorigininOldEnglishandhasbeensaidtobethemostpopulardeviceoftheoratorsthroughouthistory(Katula,1987:192).Itistherepetitionofinitialsoundsinneighboringwords,includingnotonlyrepetitionofaconsonantorclusterbutrepetitionofavowel.Thealliteratedsoundsneedtobepronouncedseparately,thusgeneratingrhythm.Meanwhile,itisalsoappliedinspeechestoachievetheeffectofemphasis,toenforceideaswhichotherwisewouldbelittlenoticed.Itservesasapowerfulaidtomemory.PresidentBarackObamaemployedalliterationeleventimesinhisspeechChangeHasCometoAmerica:Thisvictoryaloneisnotthechangeweseek—itisonlythechanceforustomakethatchange,Andthatcannothappenifwegobacktothewaythingswere,Itcannothappenwithoutyou,withoutanewspiritofservice,anewspiritofsacrificeInthefirstsentence,alliterationisusedatshortintervals““change",chance"and“chang6',whichbeginwiththesameinitialsound[tj].Therepetitionofthesameaffricativesoundbringsstressandcanarousethepublicattention.“spiritofservice”,“spiritofsacrificebeginwiththesameinitialfricativesound[s].Thissounditselfisstress,ifitisusedrepeatedly;theeffecttoemphasizetheAmericanspirittomakeachangeisevident.Letusresistthetemptationtofallbackonthesamepartisanshipandpettinessandimmaturitythathaspoisonedourpoliticsforsolong.Theplosiveinitialsound[p]isrepeatedfourtimesatshortintervalsin“partisanshipandpettiness“poisonedourpoliticsThisplosivesoundisusuallyutteredwithforce,thuscreateastrongappealforthepublictoabandonallworthlessthings,tounitforanewAmerica.AssonanceAssonanceistherepetitionofvowelsounds.Avowelisconsideredtobesyllabic,thusmakingthesentencesrhythmiclikeabeautifulsong.TherearealsomanysentencesusedassonanceinthespeechIHaveaDream:Ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.,andthegloryoftheLordshallbereveled,Inthephrases“judgedbythecolor”,hegloryofthelord”therepetitionofthevowelsoundsmakethespeechloud,resonantandpowerful,besides,thesamevowelsbeingrepeatedtwiceformabalaneedstructure,makingiteasyforlistenerstoremember.ConsonanceConsonanceistherepetitionofconsonantsoundsinwordsstressedinthesameplace(butwhosevowelsdiffer).Inthewell-knownspeechIHaveADreamgivenbyMartinLutherKing,therearemanysentenceswithconsonance:,governorhavinghislipsdrippingwiththewordsofinterpositionandnullification,LetfreedomringfromeveryhillandmolehillofMississippi.JewsandGentiles,ProtestantsandCatholics,willbeabletojoinhandsandsinginthewordsoftheoldNegrospiritual…Inthesephrases“interpositionandnullification,hillandmolehill,JewsandGentiles,ProtestantsandCatholics'Consonanceisusedinthepublicspeechtoachievemusicaleffectandtoarousetheinterestoftheaudienee.2.2RepetitionofWordsWordrepetitionisnormallyusedinpublicspeechestoemphasizeortomakethesentencesbalanee.Inthespeec