書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-南昌師范學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Ifsomethingverysubstantialisnotdonenextmonth,hecannot（）hisoffice.

問題1選項

A.obtain

B.secure

C.have

D.retain

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。obtain“獲得”；secure“保護”；have“擁有”；retain“保留”。句意：如果下個月沒有做一些實質性的工作，他將保不住他的職位。選項D符合題意。

2.翻譯題

Informationprocessingistheacquisition,recording,organization,retrieval（檢索）,display,anddisseminationofinformation.Inrecentyears,thetermhasoftenbeenappliedtocomputer-basedoperationsspecifically.Duringthepastfewcenturiesgreatadvanceshavebeenmadeinthehumancapabilitytorecord,store,andreproduceinformation,beginningwiththeinventionofprintingfrommovabletypein1450,followedbythedevelopmentofphotographyandtelephony,andculminatinginthemassproductionofelectronicdigitalcomputersinthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury.Newtechnologiesforpreservingandtransmittingauralandvisualinformationhavefurtherenhancedinformationprocessing.

【答案】信息處理即對信息的獲取、組織、檢索、展示及傳播。這個術語近年來一直經常專門用于電腦運行。從1450年發明了活字印刷技術開始，隨后又開發出攝影技術和電話技術，最終于二十世紀下半葉批量生產電子計算機形成頂峰，人類信息記錄、信息存儲及信息復制能力在過去的幾百年間已經取得了巨大的進展。用于儲存和傳輸視頻及音頻信息的新技術已經進一步加強了信息處理能力。

3.單選題

TheEuropeanParliamenthasbannedtheterms“Miss”and“Mrs”theyoffendfemalemembers.

問題1選項

A.aslongas

B.themoment

C.sothat

D.incase

【答案】D

【解析】考查邏輯關系。aslongas“只要”；themoment“一……就……”；sothat“所以，以便”；incase“萬一，假使”。句意：歐洲議會禁止使用“小姐”和“夫人”這兩個詞，以防它們冒犯女性議員。因此D選項符合題意。

4.單選題

In___timeshumanbeingsdidnottravelforpleasurebuttofindamorefavorableclimate.

問題1選項

A.prime

B.primitive

C.primary

D.preliminary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項prime“主要的；最好的；基本的”；B選項primitive“原始的，遠古的；簡單的，粗糙的”；C選項primary“主要的；初級的；基本的”；D選項preliminary“初步的；開始的；預備的”。句意：在原始時代，人類旅行不是為了娛樂，而是為了尋找更適宜的氣候。因此B選項正確。

5.單選題

Itwillbesafertowalkthestreetsbecausepeoplewillnotneedtocarrylargeamountsofcash;virtuallyallfinancial（）willbeconductedbycomputer.

問題1選項

A.transmissions

B.transitions

C.transactions

D.transformations

【答案】C

【解析】句意:事實上，所有的資金交易都將由計算機來處理，人們將不需要攜帶大量的現金，所以在街上閑逛將會更安全。

考查名詞辨析。transmission傳送，傳遞，傳達，傳播，傳染；transition過渡，轉變，轉換；transaction交易，事務；transformation轉化，轉換，改革，變形。由句意“人們將不需要攜帶大量的現金”可知C正確。

6.單選題

The（）fromtheairportwasreallytiringbecauseitwassituatedfarfromthecity.

問題1選項

A.flight

B.travel

C.crossing

D.journey

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。選項A：flight意為“飛行，航班”；選項B：travel“旅行，旅游”（泛指）；選項C：crossing意為“橫越，橫渡”；選項D：journey“（側重指時間較長、距離較遠的單程旅行）行程，路程”。由題意可知，本題的正確選項為D選項。句意：從機場回來的路真的很累人，因為它離城市很遠。

7.單選題

Nearly（）ofthesurfaceofourplanetiscoveredbywater.

問題1選項

A.seven-ten

B.seven-tenth

C.seven-tenths

D.seventh-ten

【答案】C

【解析】句意:將近十分之七的地球表面由水覆蓋。

語法題。考查數詞。分數詞的分子是基數詞，分母是序數詞。但是，分子除了1以外，其他分母的序數詞要用復數。故選C。

8.翻譯題

隨著地球上人口的增加，人類依靠土地資源生存變得越來越困難。土地的總量是有限的。雖然使用拖拉機等機械和施用化肥可以提高農業產量，但是土地最終所能產出的糧食只有那么多，不會再增加。隨著人口越來越多，人類的消耗也越來越多。很明顯，地球上某些地區人口已經飽和；在這其中的許多地區，未來的人口增長肯定會帶來更多的貧窮和苦難。然而，富裕國家的人們所使用的自然資源的比例，如糧食和能源，則遠大于貧窮國家的人們，他們毫無節制地使用在另一方面會造成資源的巨大浪費。

【答案】AsthenumberofpeopleonEarthincreases,itbecomesincreasinglydifficultforthepopulationtosurviveontheresourcesoftheland.Theamountoflandislimited.Althoughagriculturalproductioncanbeincreasedbyuseofmachinerysuchastractorsandtheadditionoffertilizer,thelandultimatelycanproduceonlysomuchfoodandnomore.Asthehumanpopulationgrows,peopleconsumemore.Clearly,somelocationsonEarthalreadyhavetoomanypeople,inmanyoftheseareas,futureincreaseswillsurelybringaboutmorepovertyandsuffering.Yetpeopleinrichnationsuseproportionallyfarmoreoftheavailableresourcesthanpeopleinpoorernations.Astheyconsumetheseresourceswithoutrestraint,theyalsowastelargeamountsofthem.

9.單選題

6.

問題1選項

A.Hehurthisuncle.

B.Hehurthisankle.

C.Hehasaswollentoe.

D.Heneedsaminorsurgery.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Whereisyourinjury?

M:Here,myankle.

W:Howdidithappen?

M:Itrippedoveronthepavementandtwistedit.Itwasswollenandverypainful.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheman?

【解析】細節題。男士說：Here,myankle，即他傷到了腳踝。

10.單選題

Theirsuccessinincreasingthemarketshareresultedfromtheirbreak-throughin（）oftheproductconfiguration.

問題1選項

A.quality

B.stereotype

C.ads

D.maintenance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項quality“品質、質量”；B選項stereotype“老套、成見”；C選項ads“廣告”；D選項maintenance“維持、保養”，句意為：他們之所以能成功地提高市場份額，是因為他們在產品配置的質量上取得了突破。quality“品質、質量”符合題意，因此選A。

11.單選題

Doctorswarnedagainstchewingtobaccoasa___forsmoking.

問題1選項

A.succession

B.substitute

C.revival

D.relief

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項succession“連續；繼位；繼承權；（生態）演替”；B選項substitute“代用品；代替者”；C選項revival“復興；復活；蘇醒；恢復精神；再生效”；D選項relief“救濟；減輕，解除；安慰；浮雕”。句意：醫生警告不要用咀嚼煙草___吸煙。本句表達“不要用咀嚼煙草代替吸煙”，因此B選項正確。

12.單選題

WhichoftheitalicizedpartsindicatedCONTRAST?

問題1選項

A.Sheopenedthedoorandquietlywentin.

B.VictorialikesmusicSamisfondofsports.

C.Thinkitoveragainyou’llgetananswer.

D.Heissomewhatarrogant,Idon’tlikethis.

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞用法。題干：哪個斜體部分表示對比？

A選項表示并列；B選項表示對比；C選項表示遞進；D選項表示轉折。

13.單選題

Thenegotiationshave（）again,andtherepresentativeshaveallbeencalledback.

問題1選項

A.brokenout

B.brokenoff

C.brokenthrough

D.brokeninto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組。A:breakout“突然發生，爆發”；B:breakoff“（使）脫離；停止；中斷”；C:breakthrough“突破”；D:breakinto“闖進”。句意：談判又中斷了，代表們都被召回了。結合語境，B為正確答案。

14.單選題

A1994WorldBankreportconcludedthat_______girlsinschoolwasprobablythesinglemosteffectiveanti-povertypolicyinthedevelopingworldtoday.

問題1選項

A.enrolling

B.assigning

C.involving

D.consenting

【答案】A

【解析】enrolling招收,參加;assigning指派,分配;involving牽涉,使參與;consenting允許,贊成。句意：世界銀行1994年的一份報告得出結論：招收女童入學可能是當今發展中世界最有效的反貧困政策。選項A符合句意。

15.單選題

Asonlinecomputersystemsbecomemorepopular,televisionsandcomputersareincreasingly().Suchtechnologiescombinethecapabilitiesofcomputers,televisionetc.,andgreatlyexpandtheservicesthatcanbeprovided.

問題1選項

A.separated

B.segregated

C.integrated

D.intersected

【答案】C

【解析】separated分開，隔開；segregated隔離，分離；integrated結合；intersected分割。句意：隨著在線計算機系統變得越來越流行，電視和計算機日益融合。這些技術結合了計算機、電視等的功能，極大地擴展了所能提供的服務。選項C符合句意。

16.單選題

Withmanyethnicgroupsrepresented,thestudentunionisvery（

）.

問題1選項

A.homogeneous

B.heterodox

C.heterogeneous

D.heterogeneousness

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。homogeneous意為“同性質的，同類的”；heterodox意為“異端的，非正統的”；heterogeneous意為“由很多種類組成的，各種各樣的”；heterogeneousness意為“異質的”。

句意：學生會由不同成員組成，代表了很多民族團體。

17.翻譯題

學問是自己的事，不能依靠別人。環境好，圖書設備充足，有良師益友指導啟發，當然有很大的幫助，但是這些條件具備，也不一定能保證一個人在學問上就有成就。世間也有不少在學問上有成就的人，并不具備這些條件。最重要的因素，還是個人自己的努力。求學是一件艱苦的事，許多人不能忍受那必經的艱苦，所以不能得到成功。

【答案】Learningisone'sownbusiness,andonecannotrelyonothers.Obviouslyitwillbeveryhelpfultolearnknowledgeifonehasgoodconditions,suchasgoodenvironment,enoughbooksandequipmentandguidanceandenlightenmentsfromscholarlymentorsandbeneficialfriends.However,eveniftheseconditionsareprovided,itisnotsurethatonewillhavesuccessinlearning.Therearemanypeoplemakingachievementinlearningwithnothoseconditions.Themostimportantfactorinlearningliesintheindividual'sownendeavor.Learningistough,andmanypeoplecannotbearthehardshiptheymustexperience,sothattheycannotachievesuccess.

18.單選題

Ididn’tmakeoutwhattheprofessormeansbecausehishandwritingisso（）.

問題1選項

A.eligible

B.illegible

C.Knowledgeable

D.vague

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。eligible合格的，合適的；illegible難辨認的，字跡模糊的；knowledgeable知識淵博的；vague模糊的，含糊的。由空格前的handwriting可知能修飾字跡的只有B項，故B項正確。

19.單選題

Thepolicearedoingalltheycantobringthoseresponsibleforthebombingto（）.

問題1選項

A.evidence

B.hearing

C.justice

D.rule

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。evidence“證據，證明”；hearing“聽力；審訊”；justice“司法，法律制裁，正義”；rule“統治，規則”。句意：警察正竭盡全力找出爆炸案的元兇將之繩之以法。選項C符合題意。

20.單選題

Afewmonthsofgrooming,mentorsandfounderscanthen（）hundredsofpeopletowatchtheircompany'sofficialintroductiontosociety.

問題1選項

A.summon

B.unite

C.gather

D.assemble

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項summon“召喚”，指運用權威或行使權力指示、命令、吩咐，或要求某人去某處，常用于正式的集會或公務等方面；B項untie“團結、合并”，指將兩個或兩個以上原本分散或對立的事物聯合起來，或者指主動聯合自己周圍的人或物，使之圍繞在自己身旁；C項gather“聚集”，多強調按照一定目的或計劃有選擇的使人或物聚集在一起；D項assemble“集合、聚集”，更突出聚集或收集的目的；句意：經過幾個月的培訓后，導師和創始人可以召集數百人觀看他們公司向社會的正式介紹。因此A選項正確。

21.翻譯題

沒人否認創造力的重要性。的確，今后當幾乎所有的標準程序均由計算機來完成時，創造力會被證明為更重要。然而，創造力與智力不能等同起來。一位專家的聰明才智可能表現在~個或幾個領域，但他對革新不一定感興趣，或在這方面不一定成功。與此相似，盡管革新要求一定程度的心智，但我們沒有發現智力測試與創造力測試兩者之間的重要聯系。的確，創造力好像更依賴于某種氣質和個性一一敢于冒險，吃苦耐勞，鍥而不舍，但首先要有改變現狀，對社會留下深遠影響的愿望，而不是提高各種信息處理的效率。

【答案】Noonedeniestheimportanceofcreativity.Indeed,creativitywillprovemoreimportantinthefuturewhenalmostallstandardprogrammingisdonebycomputers.However,creativityandintelligencecannotbeequated.Anexpert'sintelligencemaymanifestitselfinseveralormoreareas,buthemaynotbeinterestedininnovationorsuccessfulinit.Similarly,althoughinnovationrequiresacertainlevelofmind,wehavenotfoundasignificantlinkbetweentestsofintelligenceandtestsofcreativity.Indeed,creativityseemstodependmoreonacertaintemperamentandpersonality--thewillingnesstotakerisks,toworkhard,topersevere,tohaveawishtochangethecurrentsituationandmakeafar-reachinginfluenceonthesociety,ratherthanimprovetheefficiencyofprocessingallkindsofinformation.

22.單選題

Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery______ofhismoney.

問題1選項

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.frugal

D.careful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項economic“經濟的，有關經濟的”；B選項thrifty“節儉的”，常用于bethriftywithsth.；C選項frugal“節省的，節儉的”，可用于befrugalwith/ofsth.；D選項careful“小心地，仔細地”，becarefulwith/ofsth.表示“當心，注意”。根據Althoughhehasbecomerich與of可知選C。句意：雖然他變得富有了，但他仍然很節儉。

23.單選題

Thedifferencebetweenavianfluandhumanfluthatshouldbecommandingourraptattentiontodayisthatavianinfluenza,specificallytheH5N1strainknownasbirdflu,threatenstobecometheyoungpeople’splague.Anditisagrowingcontendertocauseadevastatingworldwidepandemicinthenextfewyears.

Wearetoousedtothinkingoffluasanannualannoyancethatkillsonlythefrailandelderly.Butthatjustisn’tthecaseforH5N1.Withamortalityrateofover50percent,thisbirdfluhaskilledover110people,strikingtheyoungandable-bodiedthehardest.Itsvictimsclusterpredominantlyamong5-to-30-year-old,apatternthathasheldupinthe34knowntohavediedfrombirdflusofarthisyear.

Thisvulnerabilitymaystemfromtherobustandfast-respondingimmunesystemsoftheyoung.Thevictimsoverreacttothealienvirus,triggeringamassiveimmuneresponsecalledacytokinestorm,turninghealthylungsintoasoddenmassofdyingtissuescongestedwithblood,toxicfluid,andrampaginginflammatorycells.Asairspaceschokeoff,thebodylosesoxygenandotherorgansfail.

ScientistshaverecentlyshownthatH5N1hasominousparallelswiththedevastating1918flupandemic,whichalsojumpeddirectlytohumansfrombirdsanddisproportionatelyattackedtheyoungandthestrong.Withapatternhighlysuggestiveofacytokinestorm,deathsometimescamewithinjusthours,turningmanyWorldWarItroopshipsintodeathships.

Nowimaginehundredsofthousandsofyoungpeoplelaboringonrespirators,orlyingaloneincorridorsandmakeshifthospitalrooms,toosicktobehelpedwhenthesupplyofbeds,equipment,andtrainedstaffrunout.Seemlikehype?Nottothemedicalexpertswhodiscussedthesescenariosduringlastweek’st/.5*.NewsHealthSummitonemergencypreparedness.

ThispictureputsafaceontheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,projectionsthat,if

H5N1mutatesintoareadilyhuman-transmissiblefrom209,000to1.9millionAmericanscoulddie.PartofourreadinessthinkingshouldbetoheedthebluntwordsofHHSSecretaryMichaelLeavittatthesummit:Anyfamilyorcommunitythatfailstopreparefortheworst,withtheexpectationthatthefederalorstategovernmentwillcometotherescue,willbe“tragicallywrong.”Inapandemic,thegovernment’smedicalresourceswillbestretchedthin,anditwon’tbeabletoguaranteefirst-linehelptoanyhometown,localhospital,orcollegecampus.EventhenationalstockpileofTamiflu,theantiviralthatisthebestwehavetopreventorlessentheimpactoftheillness,hasitslimits.IfacollegestudentishospitalizedwithapossibleH5N1infection,thefedswillprovidedrugs.Buttheywillnotmakeitavailabletofendoffthevirusinthemanyotherswhomayhavecomeinclosecontactwiththeinfectedstudent.IntheexistingfederalguidanceonH5N1,theyoungandhealthyfallintothelowest-prioritygroupforantiviraldrugsandvaccines.Studenthealthcentersorotherprovidershadbetterscroungeuptheirownstockpiles.Containingpossibleoutbreaksoncollegecampusesmaybeallbutimpossible.Socialdistancing—avoidingclosecontactwithotherpeoplewithairkissesinsteadofsmooches,orevenbydonningmasksandgloves—willbetoughtoenforce.

Thethreatposesauniquelydifficultchallenge.Inthebestofallscenarios,theviruswillloseitsfuryandleaveinitswakeanewcultureofindividualandcommunitypreparedness.Butweneedtogetreadynow,andnotforthebestscenariobutfortheworst.

1.Thedifferencebetweenavianfluandhumanfluisthat（

）.

2.Thereasonthatbirdflustrikestheyoungandable-bodiedthehardestmaybe（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichisthebestsourcethatcollegestudentscanrelyuponifthereareoutbreaksofbirdfluoncollegecampuses?

4.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.theavianflushouldbecommandingourraptattention

B.theavianflumainlythreatenstheyoungpeople

C.theavianfluistocauseadevastatingworldwidepandemicinthenextfewyears

D.theavianfluisanannualannoyancethatkillsonlythefrailandelderly

問題2選項

A.thebodylosesoxygenandotherorgansfail

B.asoddenmassofdyingtissues

C.theenthusiasticimmunesystemsoftheyoung

D.theoverreactionofblood,toxicfluid,andrampaginginflammatorycells

問題3選項

A.ThenationalstockpileofTamiflu.

B.Thegovernment’smedicalresources.

C.Drugsprovidedbythefeds.

D.Thestockpileofthestudents’healthcenters.

問題4選項

A.itisimpossiblethatbirdfluoutbreaksoncollegecampuses

B.thereasonthatbirdflumayimpossiblyoutbreakoncollegecampusesisthatsocialdistancingwillbetoughtoenforcethere

C.bothindividualsandcommunitiesshouldbepreparedforthethreat

D.weneedtogetreadynowfortheworstscenariopreparedforthefuryofbirdflu

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.細節題。根據題干關鍵詞differencebetweenavianfluandhumanflu定位至第一段:differencebetween...threatenstobecometheyoungpeople’splague.故B項正確。

2.細節題。根據題干關鍵詞strikestheyoung定位至第三段:Thisvulnerabilitymaystemfromtherobustandfast-respondingimmunesystemsoftheyoung,即原因是免疫系統太好了，過度防御造成的。

3.細節題。根據題干關鍵詞outbreaksofbirdfluoncollege定位至第六段第五句,C項是thefedswillprovidedrugs的復現。

4.推斷題。文章最后一段最后一句與選項D重現。

24.單選題

Ⅱ.(EconomicLaw)

Considerfirstshareholders’votingrights.Asamatteroflawtheseareseverelylimitedinscope,principallytotherighttoelectandremovedirectors.Shareholdershavenorighttoselectthecompany’sCEO;theycannotrequirethecompanytopaythemasinglepennyindividends;theycannotvotetochangeorpreservethecompany’slineofbusiness;theycannotstopdirectorsfromsquanderingrevenuesonemployeeraises,charitablecontributions,orexecutivejets;andtheycannotvotetosellthecompany’sassetsorthecompanyitself(althoughtheymayinsomecasesvotetovetoasaleormergerproposedbytheboard).Therulesofvotingprocedurefurtherlimitexerciseoftheshareholderfranchise.Delawarelaw,forexample,presumesonlydirectorshaveauthoritytocallaspecialshareholders’meeting,andshareholderswhowaitfortheregularlyscheduledannualmeetingtotrytoelectorremovedirectorsusuallymustpaytosolicitproxies.Finallyandperhapsmostsignificantly,inapublicfirmwithwidely-dispersedshareownership,shareholderactivismisapublicgood,andshareholders’own“rationalapathy”raisesanoften-insurmountableobstacletocollectiveaction.AsRobertClarkhasputit,acyniccouldeasilyconcludethatshareholdervotinginapubliccompanyis“amereceremonydesignedtogiveaveneeroflegitimacytomanagerialpower”.

Whataboutshareholders’righttosuecorporateofficersanddirectorsforbreachoffiduciarydutyiftheyfailtomaximizeshareholderwealth?Here,too,shareholders’“rights”turnouttobeillusory.Thefiduciarydutyofloyaltyprecludesofficersanddirectorsfromusingtheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets.Theyremainfree,however,topursueother,nonshareholder-relatedgoalsunderthecomfortingmantleofthebusinessjudgmentrule.AsIhavepointedoutinwritingswithMargaretBlair,courtsconsistentlypermitdirectors“tousecorporatefundsforcharitablepurposes;torejectbusinessstrategiesthatwouldincreaseprofitsattheexpenseofthelocalcommunity;toavoidriskyundertakingsthatwouldbenefitshareholdersatcreditors’expense;andtofendoffahostiletakeoveratapremiumpriceinordertoprotectemployeesorthecommunity”.Contrarytotheshareholderprimacythesis,shareholderscannotrecoveragainstdirectorsorofficersforbreachoffiduciarydutysimplybecausethosedirectorsandofficersfavorstakeholders’interestsovertheshareholders’own.

55.ThefirstparagraphtellsusthefollowingBUT___.

56.Whichofthefollowingsentenceclosestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedsentence?

57.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whatcanthecompanyofficersdo?

58.Courtshavenotalloweddirectorsofcompaniesto___.

問題1選項

A.Shareholdershavenorighttoelectandremovedirectors

B.Shareholderscanrequirethecompanytopaythemdividends

C.Shareholderscannotchangethelineofbusinessofthecompany

D.Shareholderscannotcallaspecialshareholders’meeting

問題2選項

A.Shareholdersinapubliccompanyhavenopoweratall.

B.Someonewantsthemanagerialpowertobelegitimate.

C.Theshareholdervotingisaceremonyforacompany.

D.Shareholders’votinginapubliccompanyhasnosubstantivemeaning.

問題3選項

A.Theycanusetheircorporatepositionforthemselves.

B.Theycanlineupforshareholders.

C.Theycanpursuenonshareholder-relatedgoalsaslongastheythinkitiscorrectinbusiness.

D.Theycancarryoutbusinessstrategiesthatwouldincreaseprofitsattheexpenseofthelocalcommunity.

問題4選項

A.usetheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets

B.donatecorporatemoneytochurches

C.rejectaprofit-makingprojectthatwouldpollutetheenvironment

D.refusetosellacompanyfortheinterestoftheneighborhood

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】55.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節題。根據題干定位到原文第一段Shareholdershavenorighttoselectthecompany’sCEO;theycannotrequirethecompanytopaythemasinglepennyindividends;theycannotvotetochangeorpreservethecompany’slineofbusiness（股東無權選擇公司的首席執行官；他們不能要求公司支付他們一分錢的股息；他們不能投票改變或保留公司的業務范圍）可知B選項“股東可以要求公司支付股息”和原文相悖，A選項“股東無權選舉和罷免董事”和C選項“股東不能改變公司的業務”符合原文；第一段Delawarelaw,forexample,presumesonlydirectorshaveauthoritytocallaspecialshareholders’meeting…（例如，特拉華州的法律規定……）可知D選項“股東不得召開特別股東大會”符合原文。因此B選項符合題意。

56.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據題干定位到劃線句子acyniccouldeasilyconcludethatshareholdervotinginapubliccompanyis“amereceremonydesignedtogiveaveneeroflegitimacytomanagerialpower”.（憤世嫉俗者很容易得出這樣的結論：上市公司的股東投票“不過是一種旨在給管理權力披上合法性外衣的儀式”），結合第一段所提到的法律對于股東權利的限制可知此處想表達股東的投票權沒任何意義，選D選項“上市公司的股東投票沒有實質意義”；根據第一段可知股東還是有權利的，但是權利被限制，A選項“上市公司的股東根本沒有權力”太過絕對；B選項“有人希望管理權力是合法的”和C選項“股東投票是公司的一種儀式”和原文不符，排除。因此D選項正確。

57.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節題。根據題干定位到原文第二段Theyremainfree,however,topursueother,nonshareholder-relatedgoalsunderthecomfortingmantleofthebusinessjudgmentrule.（然而，在令人欣慰的商業判斷規則的外衣下，他們仍然可以自由地追求其他與股東無關的目標）可知選C選項“他們可以追求與股東無關的目標，只要他們認為這在商業上是正確的”；第二段Thefiduciarydutyofloyaltyprecludesofficersanddirectorsfromusingtheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets.（忠誠的受托責任使高管和董事不能利用他們在公司的職位中飽私囊）可知A選項“他們可以利用公司的職位為自己服務”和原文相悖；B選項“他們可以排隊等股東”原文未涉及；第二段toavoidriskyundertakingsthatwouldbenefitshareholdersatcreditors’expense;andtofendoffahostiletakeoveratapremiumpriceinordertoprotectemployeesorthecommunity（避免以損害債權人利益為代價的有風險的承諾；為了保護員工或社區，以高價擊退惡意收購）可知D選項“他們可以以犧牲當地社區為代價來增加利潤”錯誤。因此C選項正確。

58.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節題。根據題干定位到第二段Thefiduciarydutyofloyaltyprecludesofficersanddirectorsfromusingtheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets.（忠誠的受托責任使高管和董事不能利用他們在公司的職位中飽私囊）可知選A選項“利用他們在公司的地位中飽私囊”；第二段courtsconsistentlypermitdirectors“tousecorporatefundsforcharitablepurposes;torejectbusinessstrategiesthatwouldincreaseprofitsattheexpenseofthelocalcommunity;toavoidriskyundertakingsthatwouldbenefitshareholdersatcreditors’expense;andtofendoffahostiletakeoveratapremiumpriceinordertoprotectemployeesorthecommunity”（法院一貫允許董事“將公司資金用于慈善目的；拒絕以犧牲當地社區為代價增加利潤的商業策略；避免以損害債權人利益為代價的有風險的承諾；為了保護員工或社區，以高價擊退惡意收購”）可知B選項“把公司的錢捐給教堂”，C選項“拒絕一個會污染環境的盈利項目”以及D選項“拒絕為了社區的利益出售一家公司”都是法院所允許公司董事做的事，排除。因此A選項正確。

25.單選題

Afewdecadesago,itwasstillpossibletoleavehomeandgosomewhereelse:thearchitecturewasdifferent,thelandscapewasdifferent,thelanguage,lifestyle,dress,andvaluesweredifferent.Thatwasatimewhenwecouldspeakofculturaldiversity.Butwitheconomicglobalization,diversityisfastdisappearing.Thegoaloftheglobaleconomyisthatallcountriesshouldbehomogenized.Whenglobalhotelchainsadvertisetotouriststhatalltheirroomsineverycityoftheworldareidentical,theydon’tmentionthatthecitiesarebecomingidenticaltoo:cars,noise,smog,corporatehigh-rises,violence,fastfood,McDonalds,Nikes,Levis,BarbieDolls,AmericanTVandfilm.What’sthepointofleavinghome?

Therearemanycausesforthisdrearyturnofevents,butoneiscentral:economicglobalizationandinstitutionsliketheWorldBankandtheWTOpromoteaspecifickindofhomogenizingdevelopmentthatfreesthelargestcorporationsintheworldtoinvestandoperateineverymarket,everywhere.Fortheseagenciesandcorporation,diversityisnotaprimaryvalue:efficiencyis.Diversityisanenemybecauseitrequiresdifferentiatedsalesappeal.Whatcorporationsloveiscreatingthesamevalues,thesametastes,usingthesameadvertising,sellingthesameproducts,anddrivingoutsmalllocalcompetitors.Massmarketerspreferhomogenizedconsumers.Theyalsopreferplaceswithlowwages,cheapresources,andtheleastrestrictiveenvironmentalandlaborlaws.

Thenewrulesofglobaltradeareprimarilysetbytheultra-secretiveWorldTradeOrganization(WTO),whichnowrivalstheInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)asthemostpowerful,yetundemocraticbodyintheworld.Itsrulesarespecificallydesignedtoserveglobalcorporateexpansionandthehomogenizationprocess.Theymakeitnearlyimpossiblefornation-statestopreventcertainharmfulformsofcorporatedevelopment,nomatterwhatproblemstheybring.SowefindthatEuropeanbankerscandominateThirdWorldeconomies;AsiancompaniescancutdownCanadianandBrazilianforests;Americancorporationscandominatethewholeworld’sfarmersandfoodsupply;DisneycanhomogenizeconsciousnessandMcDonaldscanhomogenizetastes,globally.Everycountryloseswhileglobalcorpora