2012考研英語（一）真題參考答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticesbecameanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannotitslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflawjusticesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthatthecourt'sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial〇JusticesAntoninScaliaandSamuelAlitoJr.,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt'sdecisionswillbeasimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenotbyanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitselftothecodeofconductthattotherestofthefederaljudiciary。ThisandothercasesthequestionofwhetherthereisstillabetweenthecourtandpoliticsoTheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlawhavingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositionstheywouldbefreetothoseinpowerandhavenoneedtopoliticalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely〇Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsociallikelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawitisinescapablypolitical—whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasilyasunjust〇Thejusticesmustdoubtsaboutthecourt*slegitimacybymakingthemselvestothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmaketheirrulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,,convincingaslawo1AemphasizeBmaintainCmodifyDrecognize2AwhenBbestCbeforeDunles3ArenderedBweakenedCestablishedDeliminated4AchallengedBcompromisedCsuspectedDaccepted5.AadvancedBcaughtCboundDfounded6.AresistantBsubjectCimmuneDprone7.AresortsBsticksCleadsDapplies8.AevadeBraiseCdenyDsettle9.A1ineBbarrierCsimilarityDconflict10.AbyBasCthroughDtowards11.AsoBsinceCprovidedDthough12.AserveBsatisfyCupsetDreplace13.AconfirmBexpressCcultivateDoffer14AguardedBfollowedCstudiedDtied15.AconceptsBtheoriesCdivisionsDconveniencel6.AexcludesBquestionsCshapesDcontrolsl7.AdismissedBreleasedCrankedDdistortedl8.AsuppressBexploitCaddressDignore19.AaccessibleB.amiableCagreeableDaccountable20.AbyallmeansBatallcostsCinawordDasaresultSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text2Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls'lives.Itisnotthatpinkintrinsicallybad,butitisatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusedgirls'identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,despairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls*livesandinterestsoGirls*attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,it*snot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What*smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren1smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminnatelyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears〇Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren*sbehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,accordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketinggimmickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s。Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea"thirdsteppingstonebetweeninfantwearandolderkids*clothes.Itwasonlyafter"toddler"becamecommonshoppers*termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences-orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist〇Bysaying"itis...Therainbow"(line3,Para1),theauthormeanspink〇AshouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhoodBshouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls，innocenceCcannotexplaingirls,lackofimaginationDcannotinfluencegirls,livesandinterestsAccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?AColorsareencodedingirls,DNABBlueusedtoberegardedasthecolorforgirlsCPinkusedtobeaneutralcolorinsymbolizinggendersDWhiteispreferredbybabiesTheauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren,spsychologicaldevotementwasmuchinfluencedby〇[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren[B]theobservationofchildren,snature[C]researchesintochildren*sbehavior[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumption29.WemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvised 〇Afocusesoninfantwearandolderkids'clothesBattachequalimportancetodifferentgendersCclassifyconsumersintosmallergroupsDcreatesomecommonshoppers,terms30.itcanbeconcludedthatgirl,sattractiontopinkseemstobe0AclearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendencyBfullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturersCmainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmenDwellinterpretedbypsychologicalexpertsPartBDirections:Forquestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA-Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.ParagraphEhasbeencorrectlyplaced.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinwiththetext.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)SectionIIIWritingPartA51.Directions:Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthenotice.Use"Postgraduates,Association"instead.(10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethepicturebriefly,explainitsintendedmeaning,andgiveyourcommentsoYoushouldwriteneatlyonanswersheet2.2012年全國碩士研究生入學考試英語試題NationalEntranceTestofEnglishforMA/MSCandidates(NETEM)跨考英語教研室ー楊鳳芝SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticesbecameanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannotitslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflawjusticesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthatthecourt'sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial〇JusticesAntoninScaliaandSamuelAlitoJr.,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt'sdecisionswillbe asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenotbyanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitselftothecodeofconductthattotherestofthefederaljudiciaryoThisandothercasesthequestionofwhetherthereisstillabetweenthecourtandpolitics,.TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositionstheywouldbefreetothoseinpowerandhavenoneedtopoliticalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely〇Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsociallikelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawitisinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasilyasunjustoThejusticesmustdoubtsaboutthecourt'slegitimacybymaking

themselvestothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmaketheirrulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,,convincingaslawo1AemphasizeBmaintainCmodifyDrecognize2AwhenBbestCbeforeDunless3ArenderedBweakenedCestablishedDeliminatedAchallengedBcompromisedCsuspectedDaccepted5.AadvancedBcaughtCboundDfounded6.AresistantBsubjectCimmuneDprone7.AresortsBsticksCleadsDapplies8.AevadeBraiseCdenyDsettle9.AlineBbarrierCsimilarityDconflict10.AbyBasCthroughDtowards11.AsoBsinceCprovidedDthough12.AserveBsatisfyCupsetDreplace13.AconfirmBexpressCcultivateDoffer14AguardedBfollowedCstudiedI)tied.AconceptsBtheoriesCdivisionsDconveniencel6.AexcludesBquestionsCshapesDcontrolsl?.AdismissedBreleasedCrankedDdistortedl8.AsuppressBexploitCaddressDignore19.AaccessibleB.amiableCagreeableDaccountable20.AbyallmeansBatallcostsCinawordDasaresultSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts,choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Text2Prettyinpink:adultwomendocolour,yetitispervasiveinintrinsicallybad,butitisacelebrategirlhoodinoneway,Readthefollowingfourtexts,choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Text2Prettyinpink:adultwomendocolour,yetitispervasiveinintrinsicallybad,butitisacelebrategirlhoodinoneway,notrememberbeingsoobsessedouryounggirls'lives.Itistinysliceoftherainbowand,withthenotthatpinkthoughitmayitalsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusedgirls'identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence。Lookingaround,despairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls'livesandinterests。Girls'attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,it'snot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboi1them.What,smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren，smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminnatelyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears〇Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren'sbehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,accordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketinggimmickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s。Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea"thirdsteppingstone"betweeninfantwearandolderkids*clothes.Itwasonlyafter“toddler"becamecommonshoppers,termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences-orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexisto26Bysaying"itis...Therainbow"(line3,Para1),theauthormeanspink〇AshouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhoodBshouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocenceCcannotexplaingirls'lackofimaginationDcannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests27AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?AColorsareencodedingirls'DNABBlueusedtoberegardedasthecolorforgirlsCPinkusedtobeaneutralcolorinsymbolizinggendersDWhiteispreferredbybabies28Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevotementwasmuchinfluencedby〇[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren[B]theobservationofchildren'snature[C]researchesintochildren*sbehavior[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumption29.WemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvised〇Afocusesoninfantwearandolderkids'clothesBattachequalimportancetodifferentgendersCclassifyconsumersintosmallergroupsDcreatesomecommonshoppers'terms30.itcanbeconcludedthatgirl'sattractiontopinkseemstobe〇AclearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendencyBfullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturersCmainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmenDwellinterpretedbypsychologicalexpertsPartBDirections:Forquestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA-Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.ParagraphEhasbeencorrectlyplaced.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinwiththetext.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)SectionIIIWritingPartA51.Directions:Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthenotice.Use''Postgraduates'Association"instead.(10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments〇Youshouldwriteneatlyonanswersheet2.l.B2.A3.B4.D5.C6.B7.D8.B9.A10.B11.A12.C13.C14.D15.A16.C17.A18.C19.D20.D21.D22.D23.A24.C25.D26.C27.A28.A29.B30.B31.A32.D33.B34.D35.D36.C37.D38.B39.A40.A41.C42.D43.A44.F45.G.在物理學上,一種方法是將這種沖動完美發揮到極點并且導找到ー種萬能的理論…一條我們都可以看的見,明白的普遍公式。.在這里,達爾文主義似乎提供了一個準則,如果所有的人類都有共同的起源,那么文化差異能夠追尋到更早的可控的起源也是合理的。.從我們的共同特征中過濾獨特性能夠使我們明白文化行為的復雜性起源以及是什么在進化方面和認知方面指導我們人類。49、其實,由約書亞格林伯說,將更多的經驗主義用在了普遍性上,驗證許多語言所共有的特點,這些特點被認為是代表了由認知限制造成的偏見。50.喬姆斯基的語法應該表現了語言更改的模式,是通過獨立的家譜或山它所跟蹤的路徑,而通過性預測的特定類型間的合作關系。PartA47.Directions：Supposeyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythatyouboughtfromanonlinestoretheotherday.Writeandemailtothecustomerservicecenterto1)makeacomplaint,and2)demandapromptsolution.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“ZhangWei''instead.參考范文:DearMr./Miss：ThisletterisacomplaintconcerningtheelectronicdictionaryIboughtfromyouronlinestoretheotherday.TwoweeksagoImailedthemoneythatorderedandsoonreceivedtheelectronicdictionary.Ifollowedtheinstructionsattachedwithit.InsteadIcannotgetitstartedanyway.Afterchangedthebatteryinsideseveraltimesinvain,Itotallygaveitup.Iwrotetoyourcompanyexpectingapromptsolutiontothisproblem.Iwouldhopethatyoucoulddosomethingtogivemeasatisfactoryfeedback.AndIwillappreciateitverymuchifyouputastricttestontheseelectronicdictionaries,thusstopthecontinuingcomplaintsandsuffersofothercomtomers.SincerelyYours,ZhangWei2012年考研英語真題:作文題目及范文作文一些外國留學生將要來你的大學,以學生會的名義給他們寫一封email,.表示你的歡迎2.為他們在這里的校園生活提供ー些建議

請寫100個字左右,請不要在信的末尾寫你的名字,用筆名代替,不要寫地址。范文親愛的同學們,首先請允許我代表我校的各位領導老師及同學們對你們的到來表示熱烈的歡迎,歡迎來到我校學習和生活。不同國家的校園生活有所不同,為了使你們的生活更加舒適,ド面我將介紹ー些在我校生活的一些建議。首先，在中國不可以直呼老師的名字,因為中國是ー個禮儀之邦，中國人用稱呼表達對老師的尊重。其次,希望你們珍惜在中國學習的時間,主動增加與中國人交流的機會,這樣既能提高你們的漢語水平,也能了解中國的文化。最后，如果你們在生活和學習上遇到困難，及時與我們溝通。祝你們在中國的留學生活愉快!學生會Dearstudents,Firstofall,allowme,onbehalfoftheleadersofourschoolteachersandstudentsarewarmlywelcometocometoyou,welcometoourschoolandlife.Campuslifeisdifferentindifferentcountries,inordertomakeyourlifemorecomfortable,thefollowingIwilldescribesomeoftheproposalsinmyschoollife.Firstofall,cannotcalltheteachefsnameinChina,becauseChinaisaritualofceremony,Chineseusedtocalltheexpressionofrespectfbrteachers.Secondly,IhopeyoucherishthetimestudyinginChina,taketheinitiativetoincreaseopportunitiesfbrinteractionwithChinesepeople,sothatbothcanimproveyourChineselanguagelevel,canunderstandChineseculture.Finally,ifyouencounterdifficultyinlivingandlearning,tocommunicatewithusinatimelymanner.WishesyoutostudyabroadinChinaliveininterestingtimes!StudentUnion作文2：幸燈處用點ノu幸燈處用點ノu這幅漫畫象征性的描述了?個倒在地上的瓶子,ー些牛奶灑了出來。在這個瓶子的旁邊站著兩個人,ー個垂頭喪氣的說“全完了!”,而另ー個則說“幸好還剩點兒!”。這幅畫所表達的內容既意義深遠又發人深省。這幅漫畫的目的是告訴我們在生活、工作和學習中遇到挫折時，不同的人持有不同的態度。積極樂觀的人總是能夠發掘事情好的一面，而消極悲觀的人總是為他失去的東西傷心抱怨。總之，一個人的態度能夠決定他的成敗。在我看來,我們應該向那個積極樂觀的人學習。在生活中無論遇到什么樣的困難，我們都應該用積極樂觀的態度來面對。只有這樣，我們才能取得成功。Thiscartoontokendescribesabottlethatfelltotheground,somemilkspilledout.Thebottlestandsnexttotwopeople,adejectedsaying"isallover!"Whileanothersaid"Fortunatelyhaveleft!Thecontentsexpressedinthepaintingisbothmeaningfulandthought-provoking.Thiscartoonisdesignedtotellustolive,workandlearningaredown,you,differentpeopleholddifferentattitudes.Optimisticpeoplecanalwaysdiscoverwhat'sgoodside,andnegativeandpessimisticpeoplealwayslosingthingssadforhimtocomplain.Inshort,aperson'sattitudescanmakeorbreakhim.Inmyopinion,weshouldlearnfromthepositiveandoptimisticman.Nomatterwhatdifficultiesshemetinlife,weshoulduseapositiveandoptimisticattitudetofhce.Onlyinthisway,wecanbesuccessful.201I年考研英語ー真題及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But?一someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfilnessLaughterdoesshort-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto,agoodlaughisunlikelytohavebenefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe,studiesdatingbacktothe1930'sindicatethatlaughter,muscles,Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelptheeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesoffeedback,thatimproveanindividuafsemotionalstate.oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrootedphysicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcrytheyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhentetearsbegintoflow.Althoughsadnessalsotears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflowmuscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritz.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affdrdable[D]renewable[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance[A]physical[B]mentl[C]subconscious[D]intemal[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at[A]unless[B]untilC]if[D]because[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold[A]dis叩pointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent[A]ad叩ted[B]catered[C]tumed[D]reacted[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]ConverselySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert'sappointmentintheTimes,callshim"anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim."AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday'sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe"consumed"atatimeandplaceofthelistener'schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert'sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto"amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization."Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra'srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica'soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert'sappointmenthas[A]incurredcriticism.[B]raisedsuspicion.[C]receivedacclaim.[D]arousedcuriosity.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedco