Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsUnit4Astronomy:thescience1知識清單知識清單2單詞名詞與天文及物理相關：astronomy,globe,atmosphere,gravity,satellite,physicist,spaceship,pull與生物及化學相關：atom,carbon,dioxide,acid,oxygen,biology,biologist其它：system,religion,theory,billion,chain,puzzle,climate單名詞與天文及物理相關：astronomy,globe,3單詞動詞multiply,exist,crash,float形容詞violent,fundamental,harmful,gentle副詞thus介詞unlike單動詞multiply,exist,crash,flo4短語詞匯表intime,layeggs,givebirthto,inone’sturn,prevent...from,blockout,cheerup,nowthat,breakout,watchoutfor課文inalldirections,acloudof,allsortsof,aswellas,forthefirsttime,bedifferentfrom,haveachancetodosth.,makeatrip,onone’sjourney,pushsb.backinto,getthehangof短詞intime,layeggs,givebirt5句式1....as+形容詞+a(n)+名詞+as...例句：Whenwegetclosertothemoon,weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus,butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth’s.2.nowthat引導原因狀語從句例句：“Oh,dear,”

Icried,

“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”語法主語從句句1....as+形容詞+a(n)+名詞+as..61.__________n.系統;體系;制度2.__________n.學說;理論3.__________n.大氣層;氣氛4.__________prep.不同;不像5.__________n.鏈子;連鎖;鎖鏈systemtheoryatmosphereunlikechain(一)基本單詞單詞1.__________n.系統;體系;制度sy76._________n.氣候7.________vi.&vt.碰撞;墜落8.________n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牽引力9.________vi.&vt.(使)浮動;(使)漂浮

n.漂浮物climatecrashpullfloat6._________n.氣候climatecras810.________adj.猛烈的;激烈的;強暴的________n.暴力11._________adj.有害的_________n.傷害;害處12._________vi.存在;生存_________n.存在;生存violentviolence(二)派生單詞harmfulharmexistexistence10.________adj.猛烈的;激烈的;強暴913.________n.謎;難題

vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)為難_________adj.令人迷惑的_________adj.迷惑的puzzlepuzzlingpuzzled13.________n.謎;難題puzzlepu101.及時;終于2.下蛋3.產生;分娩4.輪到某人;接著5.阻止;制止intimelayeggsgivebirthtoinone’sturnprevent…from短語1.及時;終于intimelayeggsgive116.感到高興;感到振奮7.既然8.突發;爆發9.密切注視;當心;提防10.擋住(光線)cheerupnowthatbreakoutwatchoutforblockout6.感到高興;感到振奮cheerupnowthat121.Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago. 沒有人確切知道地球是怎樣開始形成的,因為在很早以前它就形成了。

as引導的從句表示原因。句式1.Nooneknowsexactlyhowth132.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.隨后它會變成什么沒人能知道,直到38-45億年前,這團塵埃才慢慢地形成一個固體的球狀物。

what引導主語從句。2.Whatitwastobecomewasu143.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.這就產生了一系列的反應,使得生命就有可能開始發展了。

makeit＋adj./n.forsb./sth.todosth.3.Thisproducedachainreact154....,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.…,我發覺我被送出去很遠,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍,因而我摔倒了。

timesas...as...是……的幾倍4....,IfoundIwascarried16核心要點核心要點171.violent

adj.猛烈的;激烈的;強暴的

(課文原句)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatiswasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.

翻譯：地球(開始)變得激烈動蕩，不知道這個固體形狀是否會繼續存在下去。單詞1.violentadj.猛烈的;激烈的;強暴的18【歸納】violentcrime暴力犯罪【拓展】

violentlyadv.

猛烈地;激烈地

violencen.

暴力;暴行【歸納】192.harmful

adj.有害的

harmn.傷害,損害

(課文原句)Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.

翻譯：很多科學家相信，由于地球上長期有水存在，使地球得以把有害氣體和酸性特質溶解在海洋里。2.harmfuladj.有害的20【歸納】

beharmfulto對……有害

doharmto…損害……

Thereisnoharmindoingsth./Itdoesnoharmtodosth.做某事沒有什么壞處。【歸納】213.exist

vi.存在;生存

(課文原句)Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.

翻譯：它們也生蛋，在地球上生存了一億四千多萬年。3.existvi.存在;生存22【歸納】

existon靠……為生

existby以……方式為生

existin存在于……之中

Thereexists/existed...某地有……;存在【拓展】

existingadj.現有的，現存的

existencen.存在;生存

comeintoexistence產生;成立;開始存在

inexistence存在【歸納】234.puzzle

vt.使迷惑;使為難;使窘困;感到迷惑

n.(游戲的)猜謎;難題;謎

(課文原句)Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.(P27)

翻譯：地球上的生命是如何開始的，科學家發現很難解釋這個最大的難題。4.puzzlevt.使迷惑;使為難;使窘困;感24【歸納】

puzzleover/aboutsth.苦苦思索;仔細琢磨

puzzlesth.out琢磨出……的答案【拓展】

puzzledadj.迷惑不解的(常用來修飾人)

puzzlingadj.令人迷惑不解的(常用來修飾事物)【歸納】 255.crash

vt.&vi.碰撞；墜落(課文原句)thatacometcrashedintotheearthlongagoandcausedthedisappearance(P29)

翻譯：一顆彗星很久以前撞上了地球，導致了它的消失5.crashvt.&vi.碰撞；墜落26【歸納】★crash作名詞時，意為：①墜毀，猛撞；②碰撞聲，破裂聲；③暴跌，倒閉，失敗；④（計算機系統的）崩潰。如：Morethanonehundredpeoplewerekilledintheplanecrash.Thevaselandedonthefloorwithacrash.Whenthemarketcrashed,theyassumedthedealwouldbecancelled.Acomputercrashisverycostly.【歸納】27★crash作動詞時，意為：①碰撞，撞擊（常與介詞into連用）；②（使）猛撞；③暴跌，倒閉，失敗；④崩潰。如：Kevinwasdrunkwhenhecrashedthecar.Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashedintothebackofabus.Wewatchedthewavescrashingagainsttherocks.Thecompanycrashedwithdebtsof$20million.ThesystemcrashedandIlostthreehours’worthofwork.★crash作動詞時，意為：①碰撞，撞擊（常與介詞into連286.pull

n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牽引力

(課文原句)Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth’sgravity.

翻譯：隨著火箭的升空，由于我們在努力掙脫地球的引力，我們被向后推在座位上。6.pulln.&vt.拉(力);拖;牽引力29【歸納】

pullapart拆卸;拆散

pullaway(車輛等)開走

pulldown拆毀;摧毀(建筑物)

pullin(車輛)進站;停靠

pullout駛出;退出

pullthrough康復,痊愈

pullup停車【歸納】301.intime及時;終于;總有一天

(課文原句)Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.

翻譯：它(地球)猛烈的爆炸噴出了烈火與巖石，最終產生了二氧化碳、氮氣、水蒸氣和其他多種氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。短語1.intime及時;終于;總有一天短語31【拓展】

innotime立刻;馬上

aheadoftime提前

atatime每次;逐一

attimes有時;間或

allthetime一直,始終

fromtimetotime有時;偶爾

manyatime多次;常常

timeaftertime一次又一次;總是【拓展】32—ThankGodyou’resafe!—Isteppedback,just_____toavoidtheracingcar.

A.intime

B.incase

C.inneed

D.invain—ThankGodyou’resafe!332.inone’sturn輪到某人;接著

(課文原句)Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.

翻譯：于是，他們接著成為了這個行星上最重要的動物。2.inone’sturn輪到某人;接著34

【拓展】

inturn輪流;依次;逐個

takeone’sturn依次;輪流

taketurnstodosth.輪流做某事

It’sone’sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事【拓展】353.cheerup感到高興;感到振奮

(課文原句)Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.

翻譯：我立刻感到很高興，由于失重我在太空艙里飄來飄去，我望著(身后的)地球越來越小，而(前方的)月球越來越大。3.cheerup感到高興;感到振奮36【拓展】

cheersb.on(賽跑/比賽等中)以喝彩聲鼓勵,為(某人)加油

cheerfor...為……歡呼

Cheers!(用于祝酒)干杯!【拓展】374.blockout擋住（光線）

(課文原句)Asaresultofthisevent,agreatdustcloudformedintheskyblockingoutthesunlight.

翻譯：這個事件的結果就是，天空形成了一團團的灰塵，遮蔽了陽光。

4.blockout擋住（光線）38【歸納】blockout意為：①擋住，遮住（光線或聲音）；②忘掉，抹去（不愉快的事）；③草擬（大綱等）。如：Thattreeintheneighbor’syardblocksoutalotofourlight.Sheaccusesmeofhavingblockedoutthepast.Justblockoutthemainpointsfornowandwe’llsortthedetailsoutlater.【歸納】blockout意為：①擋住，遮住（光線或聲音）；395.breakout(戰爭/火災/疾病等)突發;爆發

(課文原句)Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.

翻譯：隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起火。5.breakout(戰爭/火災/疾病等)突發;爆發40【拓展】

breakawayfrom突然掙脫;逃脫

breakdown出故障;垮掉

breakin強行進入;打斷

breakintosth.突然開始

breakoff斷開;中斷

breakthrough取得突破

breakup結束，解散，分手【拓展】411.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop. it是形式賓語,真正的賓語是不定式短語todevelop。it作形式賓語時常用在find/make/think/consider＋it＋adj./n.＋todo結構中。句式1.Thisproducedachainreact421.這么壞的天氣,我們發現爬到山頂是不可能的。Wefinditimpossibletoclimbtothetopofthehillinsuchbadweather.2.他認為學好英語口語對他來說是重要的。HeconsidereditimportantforhimtolearnspokenEnglishwell.【仿寫】1.這么壞的天氣,我們發現爬到山頂是不可能的。【仿寫】43it作形式賓語,除指代不定式結構外,還可指代that引導的賓語從句。如：Theymadeitcleartothepublicthattheydidanimportantandnecessaryjob.他們向公眾表明:他們所做的工作重要且必不可少。it作形式賓語,除指代不定式結構外,還可指代that引導442.“Ohdear,”Icried,“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”

nowthat引導原因狀語從句,“既然,由于”,相當于since,而且that可省略。下列介詞短語也可以用來表示原因:dueto由于,歸功于becauseof因為2.“Ohdear,”Icried,“walkin45onaccountof由于,因為owningto由于,因為thanksto由于,多虧(多作表語或狀語)asaresultof由于onaccountof由于,因為46______

he

once

felt

like

giving

up,

he

now

has

the

determination

to

push

further

andkeep

on

going.

(2015安徽卷)A.

Where

B.

As

C.

In

case

D.

Now

that考點：考查狀語從句

句意：曾經讓他感到想放棄的地方，現在他決心繼續前進。where表示地點，引導讓步狀語從句；as引導讓步狀語從句常用倒裝，即tiredashehas;incase表目的；nowthat表原因。這里指讓他感到想放棄的地方。故選A。A______

he

once

felt

like

givin47語法語法48復合句中充當句子主語的從句叫主語從句。【要點精講】引導主語從句的詞有連詞that,whether；連接代詞who,what,which；連接副詞when,where,how,why等。如：Whetheryoucandoitbyyourselfmainlydependsonyourability,notyourage.WhatIneedmostnowismoretimeandmorepatience.Whenyoucanfinishtheworkisofgreatimportance.主語從句復合句中充當句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句49that引導主語從句時，在句中無實際意義，只起連接作用，不作句子成分。當它引導的主語從句置于句首時，that不能省略；如果用it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時，從屬連詞that可以省略。如：Thattheteacherwillcomeiscertain.Itisapity(that)youmadesuchacarelessmistake.that引導主語從句時，在句中無實際意義，只起連接作用，不作50常見由it作形式主語的句型如下：①It+be+n.+從句。常見名詞有：fact,rule,pleasure,truth,pity等。如：ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.It’sarulethatnewmembersmustsingasong.②It+be+adj.+從句。常見形容詞有：true,important,necessary,clear,certain等。如：It’struethattheearthisround.Itwasimportantthatyourest.常見由it作形式主語的句型如下：51③It+v.+從句。常用動詞：seem,appear,happen,follow等。如：ItseemsthatI’vemadeamistake.Itappearedtoscientistsonearththatthestarshadmoved.④It+be+v-ed+主語從句。常用過去分詞：known,said,proven,asked,suggested等。如：It’swellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.It’ssaidthathewasaspyduringthewar.③It+v.+從句。常用動詞：seem,appear,52如果主語從句置于句首，則不能用if引導，而用whether；但如果用it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時，也可以用if引導。如：WhetherTomreallysawSharonwasdoubtful.Itwasdoubtfulwhether/ifTomreallysawSharon.如果主語從句置于句首，則不能用if引導，而用whether；531._____we

understand

things

has

a

lot

to

do

with

what

we

feel.

(2015·北京卷)A.

Where

B.How

C.Why

D.

When

句意：我們如何理解事情與我們所感受的有很大關系。根據句意可知，主語從句缺少方式狀語，因此選擇how。故選B。

高考鏈接B1._____we

understand

things

542.Exactly

____

the

potato

was

introduced

into

Europe

is

uncertain,

but

it

was

probably

around

1565.

(2014大綱卷)A.

whether

B.

why

C.

when

D.

how

句義：土豆確切是在何時被引進到歐洲還不確定，但是大約是在1565年左右。Whether表示“是否”，why表示“原因”；how表示“方式”。根據后半句it

was

probably

around

1565.可知本句談論的是時間。故C正確。

C2.Exactly

____

the

potato

was553.(2016·北京卷)24.Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.______youcandohelps.A.HoweverB.WhoeverC.WhateverD.Wherever試題分析：題目考查主語從句。helps是謂語，“______youcando”是主語部分，do后缺少賓語，表示“任何事情”，因此用whatever引導，故選C。C3.(2016·北京卷)24.Yoursupport564.(2016·江蘇卷)21.Itisoftenthecase______anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.A.whyB.whatC.asD.that試題分析：本句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是連接詞that引導的主語從句，連接詞that在本句中不充當任何成分，只是一個引導詞而已，不能省略。鏈接副詞why要在居中做狀語，連接代詞what通常在居中做主語，賓語或表語等；as通常不引導名詞性從句。句意：對于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事實。D4.(2016·江蘇卷)21.Itisoften57用適當的連接詞填空。Itisknown1._____homeworkisanimportantpartofschoollifeinmostcountriesaroundtheworld.However,2.________homeworkhasagreateducationalvalueisstilladebateamongteachers.Somethink3.______homeworktakestoomuchtimeawayfromothermoreusefulactivities.Othersseehomeworkasreinforcing(加強)schoollessonssothat4.______studentshavelearnedwillnotbeforgotten.that

thatwhetherwhat用適當的連接詞填空。that

thatwhetherwha585._____isoftenignoredinthisdebateistheroleofparentalinvolvement(參與)and6.________ornotthechild’shomeprovidessupportforeffective(有效的)homework.Itwasnotcleartosomepeople7._____parentalinvolvementcaninfluencetheeffectivenessofhomework.Itistrue8._____parentsinlow-incomefamiliesdon’thavethetimetomakehomeworkmoreimportantthanotherthingsoraren’tabletoaffordacomputeroradditionalbooks.howWhatwhetherthat5._____isoftenignore59However,9._____onlymiddle-classparentssupporttheirchildren’seducationisquiteobviouslywrong.Notallrichparentsgivethesupporttheyshould,andsomeparentslivinginthepoorestconditionsfindtimeandenergytoinvolvethemselvesintheirchildren’shomework.thatHowever,9._____onlymiddle-60寫作寫作61【寫作任務】根據目前對某市高中生心理狀況調查顯示，大部分學生普遍存在的最嚴重的心理問題是自信心不足。主要原因有：1.學生交際范圍狹窄；2.家長的期望過高；3.學校存在不恰當的比較和評價(evaluation)方式。說明文寫作如何解決問題【寫作任務】說明文寫作62假如你是該市某英語學習報的兼職編輯，請根據以上提示信息，寫一篇英文短文，點明問題，并給出合理的解決方法。注意：1.詞數120左右。2.可適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________假如你是該市某英語學習報的兼職編輯，請根據以上提示信息，寫一63【寫作指導】解決問題類說明文，是針對某一問題，向讀者提出具體的解決辦法。該類文章主要包含以下內容：①問題；②產生的原因；③如何解決；④對解決辦法的評價。就本篇寫作而言，可分為三個段落：第一段：點明問題，明確需要解決的問題是學生的心理問題。第二段：分析學生的心理問題存在的原因并提出解決問題的辦法。第三段：對所提出的解決方法進行適當論述。【寫作指導】64【常用表達】1.Problems:...isreallyaproblem.

Oneofthedifficultiesis.../Thequestionis...Itisdifficult/hardtodo...

...isaproblemthatwehavetoface.Itisofgreatimportanceforusto...

Ithasbecomethebiggestconcernof...Unlesswetakeeffectivemeasures,itislikelythat...Accordingtoarecentsurvey,therearemoreandmore...【常用表達】652.Reasons:Thereisnodoubtthatthereasonwhy...isthat...Thereasonsfor...canbelistedasfollows.Thefollowingthreefactorscontributeto...Firstofall,...Secondly,...Thirdly,...2.Reasons:663.Solutions:Itishightimethatsomethingweredoneto...

Wehavefiguredoutmanywaysto...Onlyinthiswaycanwe...

Tosolvethementionedproblems,wemust...Firstly,...Secondly,...Finally,...

Theremightbetwosolutions.Thefirstoneisto...Wecansolvetheproblemby...

Inotherwords,thebestwaytosolvetheproblemis...3.Solutions:674.Conclusions:Inaword/Tosumup...

Bydoing...youwill...Withthehelpof...wecanmanagetoovercome/pullthroughthesedifficulties.Wemustfindoutnewwaystocopewithanyproblemsthatwouldarise.4.Conclusions:68【參考范文】Accordingtoarecentsurvey,mosthighschoolstudentsinourcityappeartolackself-confidence,

whichhasbeenthemostseriouspsychologicalproblem.Thereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Thenarrowrangeofinterpersonalcommunicationisoneofthemainreasons.

Thehighexpectationfromparentsisoftensaidtobeanothercause.Also,

therestillexistsomeimpropercomparisonandevaluationmethodsinmanyschools.

【參考范文】69It’shightimethat

somethingweredonetosolvetheproblem.

First,studentsshouldcommunicatemorewithothers.Second,parentsshould

paymoreattentiontotheirchildren’sthoughts.

Finally,schoolsshouldchangetheircomparisonandevaluationmethods.Inmyopinion,allthesechangeswillcertainlyhelpstudentsbuilduptheirself-confidenceaslongastheyaredoneproperly.

It’shightimethat

someth70鞏固練習鞏固練習71I.用適當的介詞填空。1.Charleswasverygentle________histwokids.2.Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcame_____existence.3.Itwasathrillingexperienceforhertobe____herfirstjourneytotheUSAallalone.4.It’sreportedthatfruitjuicescanbeharmful_____children’steeth.with

into

ontoI.用適當的介詞填空。with

into

onto725.Someunderstandingofgrammarisfundamental________learningalanguage.to5.Someunderstandingofgramm73aswellas,intime,inone’sturn,breakout,watchoutfor,blockout,nowthat,givebirthtoII.選用方框內合適的短語并用其正確形式填空（每個短語限用一次）。

1.I’mgoingtorelax___________theschoolyearisover.2.You’dbetter_____________thosestairs.Theyareslippery.3.Weputonmusicto________thesoundofthetraffic,butinvain.nowthatwatchoutforblockoutaswellas,intime,inone’s74aswellas,intime,inone’sturn,breakout,watchoutfor,blockout,nowthat,givebirthto4.Ourcat_____________fourkittenslastsummer.Theywerereallylovely.5.EvahadnotbeenfriendlytoPeteandhe,__________,wascoldtoherwhenshecametostay.6.Iwasstillsleepingwhenthefire________,andthenitspreadquickly.givebirthtoinhisturnbrokeoutaswellas,intime,inone’s75aswellas,intime,inone’sturn,breakout,watchoutfor,blockout,nowthat,givebirthto7.TheSmithsarrivedjust________tocatchthelasttrainoutoftown.8.Heisanexcellentteacher________imeaswellasaswellas,intime,inone’s76III.選用方框內合適的連接詞填空（每個連接詞限用一次）。

what,that,who,how,where,whether,why,when1.It’ssurprising________quicklytheweathercanchangehere.2.Itisuncertain________sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout.3.—Hasitbeenannounced______theplaneistotakeoff?—Yes.Halfpastten.howwhatwhenIII.選用方框內合適的連接詞填空（每個what,tha77what,that,who,how,where,whether,why,when4.______thetempleoncestoodisnowalargeparkinggarage.5.Itneveroccurredtome____youcouldsucceedinpersuadingJimtochangehismind.6.________wequalifyornotdependsonhowweplaythenextgame.7.Itisstillopentoquestion_____istoheadthegroup.8.____theseChinesestatuesareinaFrenchmuseumisanimportantpartofourstorytoday.WherethatWhetherwhoWhywhat,that,who,how,where,w78IV.

根據括號內的漢語提示補全下面句子。1.___________________(與多數系統不同),thisoneisveryeasytouse.2.Asshotsrangout,thecrowd____________________(跑向四面八方).3.Here’ssomeinformationthatmayhelpyousignin__________________(首次).4.____________________________(我們的問題成倍增加)sincelastyear.UnlikemostsystemsraninalldirectionsforthefirsttimeOurproblemshavemultipliedIV.

根據括號內的漢語提示補全下面句子。Unlikemo795.JennywasillsoIsenthersomeflowersto_____________(使她高興起來).6.Hansfinally_________________(掌握……的要領)hisjobafterthreemonthsoftraininglastyear.7.Thepopulationofourvillagewas__________________________(他們村人口的兩倍).8.Thetopleadersofthetwocountriesareholdingtalks_____________________(在友好的氣氛中).cheerherupgotthehangoftwiceaslargeasthatoftheirsinafriendlyatmosphere5.JennywasillsoIsenther80V.閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（1個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。Galaxies(星系)aremadeupofthreemainthings:stars,cloudsofgasanddarkmatter.Darkmattercannotbeseenandscientistsonlyknowthatitexistsbecauseoftheeffectsitsgravityhasonmatter1.___________canbeseen.that/which

V.閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（1個單詞）或括號81Onearth,2.__________(physics)suchasthoseattheEuropeanNuclearResearchCentre3.________(base)inGeneva,Switzerland,useparticle(粒子)acceleratorstofindout4._____differenttinyparticlesaremadeupofbyspeedingthemupuntiltheycrashintoeachotherandlookingatthepiecesafterthey’vebroken5.________.physicists

basedwhat

up

Onearth,2.__________(physi82Similarly,byusingdatafromNASA’sHubbleSpaceTelescopeandChandraX-rayObservatory,scientistsarehopingtofindoutmore6.________whatdarkmatterisbylookingatwhathappenswhendarkmatterbumpsintothingsingroupsofgalaxies.Eachbump,however,7.________(take)hundredsofmillionsofyearstotakeplace,sotheyonlyhave8.____chancetolookatonebriefstageinthewholeevent.abouttakes

a

Similarly,byusingdatafrom83Nevertheless,scientistsare9.__________(extreme)hopefulthatbyobservingmanyofthesebumpstheycangetenoughpiecesofthepuzzle10.________(create)amorecompletepictureofwhathappens.extremelytocreateNevertheless,scientistsare984人教課標高一必修3Unit4AstronamyThescienceofthestars課件85Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsUnit4Astronomy:thescience86知識清單知識清單87單詞名詞與天文及物理相關：astronomy,globe,atmosphere,gravity,satellite,physicist,spaceship,pull與生物及化學相關：atom,carbon,dioxide,acid,oxygen,biology,biologist其它：system,religion,theory,billion,chain,puzzle,climate單名詞與天文及物理相關：astronomy,globe,88單詞動詞multiply,exist,crash,float形容詞violent,fundamental,harmful,gentle副詞thus介詞unlike單動詞multiply,exist,crash,flo89短語詞匯表intime,layeggs,givebirthto,inone’sturn,prevent...from,blockout,cheerup,nowthat,breakout,watchoutfor課文inalldirections,acloudof,allsortsof,aswellas,forthefirsttime,bedifferentfrom,haveachancetodosth.,makeatrip,onone’sjourney,pushsb.backinto,getthehangof短詞intime,layeggs,givebirt90句式1....as+形容詞+a(n)+名詞+as...例句：Whenwegetclosertothemoon,weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus,butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth’s.2.nowthat引導原因狀語從句例句：“Oh,dear,”

Icried,

“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”語法主語從句句1....as+形容詞+a(n)+名詞+as..911.__________n.系統;體系;制度2.__________n.學說;理論3.__________n.大氣層;氣氛4.__________prep.不同;不像5.__________n.鏈子;連鎖;鎖鏈systemtheoryatmosphereunlikechain(一)基本單詞單詞1.__________n.系統;體系;制度sy926._________n.氣候7.________vi.&vt.碰撞;墜落8.________n.&vt.拉(力);拖;牽引力9.________vi.&vt.(使)浮動;(使)漂浮

n.漂浮物climatecrashpullfloat6._________n.氣候climatecras9310.________adj.猛烈的;激烈的;強暴的________n.暴力11._________adj.有害的_________n.傷害;害處12._________vi.存在;生存_________n.存在;生存violentviolence(二)派生單詞harmfulharmexistexistence10.________adj.猛烈的;激烈的;強暴9413.________n.謎;難題

vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)為難_________adj.令人迷惑的_________adj.迷惑的puzzlepuzzlingpuzzled13.________n.謎;難題puzzlepu951.及時;終于2.下蛋3.產生;分娩4.輪到某人;接著5.阻止;制止intimelayeggsgivebirthtoinone’sturnprevent…from短語1.及時;終于intimelayeggsgive966.感到高興;感到振奮7.既然8.突發;爆發9.密切注視;當心;提防10.擋住(光線)cheerupnowthatbreakoutwatchoutforblockout6.感到高興;感到振奮cheerupnowthat971.Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago. 沒有人確切知道地球是怎樣開始形成的,因為在很早以前它就形成了。

as引導的從句表示原因。句式1.Nooneknowsexactlyhowth982.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.隨后它會變成什么沒人能知道,直到38-45億年前,這團塵埃才慢慢地形成一個固體的球狀物。

what引導主語從句。2.Whatitwastobecomewasu993.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.這就產生了一系列的反應,使得生命就有可能開始發展了。

makeit＋adj./n.forsb./sth.todosth.3.Thisproducedachainreact1004....,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.…,我發覺我被送出去很遠,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍,因而我摔倒了。

timesas...as...是……的幾倍4....,IfoundIwascarried101核心要點核心要點1021.violent

adj.猛烈的;激烈的;強暴的

(課文原句)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatiswasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.

翻譯：地球(開始)變得激烈動蕩，不知道這個固體形狀是否會繼續存在下去。單詞1.violentadj.猛烈的;激烈的;強暴的103【歸納】violentcrime暴力犯罪【拓展】

violentlyadv.

猛烈地;激烈地

violencen.

暴力;暴行【歸納】1042.harmful

adj.有害的

harmn.傷害,損害

(課文原句)Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.

翻譯：很多科學家相信，由于地球上長期有水存在，使地球得以把有害氣體和酸性特質溶解在海洋里。2.harmfuladj.有害的105【歸納】

beharmfulto對……有害

doharmto…損害……

Thereisnoharmindoingsth./Itdoesnoharmtodosth.做某事沒有什么壞處。【歸納】1063.exist

vi.存在;生存

(課文原句)Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.

翻譯：它們也生蛋，在地球上生存了一億四千多萬年。3.existvi.存在;生存107【歸納】

existon靠……為生

existby以……方式為生

existin存在于……之中

Thereexists/existed...某地有……;存在【拓展】

existingadj.現有的，現存的

existencen.存在;生存

comeintoexistence產生;成立;開始存在

inexistence存在【歸納】1084.puzzle

vt.使迷惑;使為難;使窘困;感到迷惑

n.(游戲的)猜謎;難題;謎

(課文原句)Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.(P27)

翻譯：地球上的生命是如何開始的，科學家發現很難解釋這個最大的難題。4.puzzlevt.使迷惑;使為難;使窘困;感109【歸納】

puzzleover/aboutsth.苦苦思索;仔細琢磨

puzzlesth.out琢磨出……的答案【拓展】

puzzledadj.迷惑不解的(常用來修飾人)

puzzlingadj.令人迷惑不解的(常用來修飾事物)【歸納】 1105.crash

vt.&vi.碰撞；墜落(課文原句)thatacometcrashedintotheearthlongagoandcausedthedisappearance(P29)

翻譯：一顆彗星很久以前撞上了地球，導致了它的消失5.crashvt.&vi.碰撞；墜落111【歸納】★crash作名詞時，意為：①墜毀，猛撞；②碰撞聲，破裂聲；③暴跌，倒閉，失敗；④（計算機系統的）崩潰。如：Morethanonehundredpeoplewerekilledintheplanecrash.Thevaselandedonthefloorwithacrash.Whenthemarketcrashed,theyassumedthedealwouldbecancelled.Acomputercrashisvery