1、文檔編碼 : CG3G9B1R8U4 HA5M5F6H9T6 ZZ5E8M9Y2E42015職稱英語理工類A真題及答案完整版第 1 部分：詞匯選項 第 115 題,每題 1 分,共 15 分1 個意義最為接近的選項；下面每個句子中均有1 個詞或短語劃有底橫線,請為每處劃線部分確定1. I will not.tolerate.that sort of behavior in my class. A. control B. observe C. regulate D. accept 2. She showed a natural.aptitude.for the work. A. sense B.

2、 talent C. flavor D. taste 3. Most people find.rejection.hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. refusal D. destiny 4. The organization was.bold.enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D. sensible 5. They were locked bat. A. deadly B. open C. actual D. active 6. We were attracted by

3、 the.lure.of quick money. A. amount B. supply C. tempt D. sum 7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less.transparent. A. clear B. necessary C. special D. correct 8. The Stock Exchange is in.turmoil.following a huge wave of selling. A. Service B. danger C. disorder D. threat 9. He believes

4、that Europe must change or it will.perish. A. survive B. last C. die D. move 10. There was a.simultaneous.trial taking place in the next build. A. fair B. full C .coexisting D. public 11. They promote.assimilation.of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture. A. policy B. value C .equality D. integ

5、ration 12. A salesmans.cardinal.rule is to satisfy customers. A. principal B. official C. simple D. legal 13. I pliment.you on your handling of a very difficult situation A. silence B. praise C .assure D. complain 14. We lived for years in a.perpetual.state of fear A. emotional B. nervous C. terribl

6、e D. Continuous 15. The starving children were a.pathetic.sight. A. common B. unexpected C. unforgettable D. pitiful 第 2 部分：閱讀判定 第 1622 題,每題l 分,共 7 分 下面的短文后列出了 7 個句子,請依據短文的內容對每個句子做出判定：假如該句供應的是正確信息,請選擇 A; 假如該句供應的是錯誤信息,請選擇 B; 假如該句的信息文中沒有提及,請選擇 C；Lack of Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on EarthScien

7、tists have long speculated as to why animal species didnt flourish sooner, once sufficient oxygen covered the Earths surface. Animals began to prosper at the end of the Proterozoic period, about 800 million years ago but what about the billion-year stretch before that, when most researchers think th

8、ere also was plenty of oxygen. Well, it seems the air wasnt so great then, after all. In a study published Oct. 31 in Science, Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and his colleagues found that oxygen levels during the “ boring billion” period were only 0.1% of what they are today. In other words, Earths

9、atmosphere couldnt have supported a diversity of creatures, no matter what genetic advancements were poised to occur. “ There is no question that genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise of animals, but it is equally unavoidable that animals need a certain level of oxygen

10、, ”said Planavsky, co-lead author of the research along with Christopher Reinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology. “ Were providing the first evidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to potentially prevent the rise of animals.”The scientists found their evidence by analy

11、zing chromium Cr isotopes in ancient sediments from China, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Chromium is found in the Earth s continental crust, and chromium oxidation is directly linked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere. Specifically, the team studied samples deposited in sha

12、llow, iron-rich ocean areas, near the shore. They compared their data with other samples taken from younger locales known to have higher levels of oxygen. Oxygens role in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists. “ We were missing the right approach until now, ” Planavsk

13、y said. “ Chromium gave us the proxy. ”Previous estimates put the oxygen level at 40% of today s conditions during pre-animal times, leaving open the possibility that oxygen was already plentiful enough to support animal life. In the new study, the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were “

14、highly dynamic”in the early atmosphere, with the potential for occasional spikes. However, they said, “ It seems clear that there is a first-order difference in the nature of Earth surface Cr cycling”before and after the rise of animals. “ If we are right, our results will really change how people v

15、iew the origins of animals and other complex life, and their relationships to the co-evolving environment,” said co-author Tim Lyons of the University of California-Riverside. “This could be a game changer.”“ There s a lot of interest right now in a broader discussion surrounding the role that envir

16、onmental stability played in the evolution of complex life, and we think our results are a significant contribution to that,” Reinhard said. than the Proterozoic period. 16. The study discovered the rise of animals occurred earlier A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 17. Many researchers believe the

17、oxygen level was high during pre-animal times. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. The team was funded by several research institutes. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. Genetic advancements triggered the rise of animals. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20. The samples studied in the resea

18、rch were collected in ocean areas. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. The study revealed that chromium found in Earths continental crust remained stable before and after the rise of animals. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22. Tim Lyons liked to play computer games in his spare time. A. Right

19、 B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 第 3 部分：概括大意與完成句子 第 2330 題,每題 1 分,共 8 分下面的短文后有 2 項測試任務： 1 第 2326 題要求從所給的 6 個選項中為第 25 段每段選擇 1 個 正確標題 ;2 第 27 30 題要求從所給的 6 個選項中為每個句子確定 1 個正確選項；First Image-recognition Software 1. Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that

20、uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before. 2. The new system, which was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm 運算法就 for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient

21、enough to improve large-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel 像素 data in images and potentially video rather than just text to locate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowled

22、ge gleaned 收集 from those results can then be applied to other photos without tags or captions 圖片說明 , making for more accurate document search results. 3. Over the last 30 years, says Associate Professor Lorenzo Torresani, a co-author of the study, the Web has evolved from a small collection of mostl

23、y text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia data set, where nearly every page includes multiple pictures or videos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately gets the gist 主旨 of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, all existing popular search engines, su

24、ch as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text of Web pages to perform the document retrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained

25、 in image pixels to improve document search. 4. The researchers designed and tested a machine vision system a type of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed that extracts semantic 語義的 information from the pixels of photos in Web pages. This informa

26、tion is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. The researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries 查詢 on a database of 50 million Web pages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modif

27、ied it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Web pages. They found that this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text. 23. Paragraph 1 _ 24. Paragraph 2 _ 25. Paragraph 3 _ 26.

28、Paragraph 4 _ A. Function of the new system B. Improvement in document retrieval C. Publication of the new discovery D. Problems of the existing search engines E. Popularity of the new system F. Artificial intelligence software created 27. The new system does document retrieval by _. 28. The new sys

29、tem is expected to improve precision in _. 29. When performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore _ _ 30. The new system was found more effective in document search than the _ A. using photos B. description of the HTML page C. current popular search engines D. document search E. i

30、nformation in images F. machine vision systems 第 4 部分：閱讀懂得 第 3145 題,每題 3 分,共 45 分 5 道題；請依據短文內容,為每題確定 1 個正確選項；下面有 3 篇短文,每篇短文后有 第一篇 Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-FluIF a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next world

31、wide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results have come from their mask research yet. However, the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway, just in case. But its a question the public keeps asking while the government are

32、 making preparations for the next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC came up with preliminary guidelines. “ We dont want people wearing them everywhere,” said the CDC. “ The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure.”When that s not possible, the guidelines

33、say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three following situations. First, youre healthy and cant avoid going to a crowded place. Second t youre sick and think you may have close contact with the healthy, such as a family member checking on you. Third, you live with s

34、omeone whos sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection, but still need to go out. Influenza pandemics can strike when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never have experienced. Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive, although concern is ris

35、ing that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to person. During the flu pandemic, you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds, and avoid close contact with the sick unless you must care for someone. Why aren t masks added to this self-protection list. Because

36、they can help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze. Simple surgical masks only filter the larger droplets. Besides, the CDC is afraid masks may create a false sense of security. Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting mask and hop on th

37、e subway instead. Nor does flu only spread through the air. Say someone covers a sneeze with his or her hand, then touches a doorknob or subway pole. If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or mouth, youve been exposed. It s harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and

38、so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe that sweat, and may transfer germs caught on the outside of the mask straight to the nose. These are the problems face masks may create for their users. Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question

39、. The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are still doing. 31. What is the passage mainly about. A. Widespread use of face masks. B. Possibility of a worldwide flu outbreak C. New discoveries of a face mask research. D. Effectiveness of wearing face m

40、asks 32. The CDC suggests that people A. stay alone when being sick. B. wear face masks when going to a crowded place. C. wear face masks wherever possible. D. remain at home if living with someone whos sick. 33. The word that in Paragraph 3 refers to A. making preparations. B. avoiding exposure C.

41、coming up with guidelines. D. wearing face masks everywhere. 34. Which of the following statements is true. A. Scientists warn the next flu is coming soon. B. Asian bird flu is spreading easily from person to person. C. Masks protect people because they keep viruses away. D. Masks are not effective

42、if a flu strikes. 35. One of the concerns the CDC has is that A .masks may give people a wrong assumption of being safe. B. the sick may not wear masks and go out. C. flu virus may spread via public transportation. D. healthy people may not know how to protect themselves. 其次篇 What s killing the Bats

43、 First it was bees. Now it is bats. Biologists in America are working hard to discover the cause of the mysterious deaths of tens of thousands of bats in the northeastern part of the country. Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats Myotis lucifugus, but other species, such as the

44、long-eared bat, the small-footed hat, the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have also been affected. have died. One possibility is disease. A white fungus In some caves, more than 90 percent of the bat populations 真菌 known as fusarium has been found on the noses of both living and dead bats.

45、However, scientists dont know If the fungus is the primary cause of death, a secondary cause of death, or not a cause at all, but the result of some other conditions. Another possible cause is a lack of food. For example, bats typically eat a large number of moths 蛾, and in some states such as New Y

46、ork, the number of moths has been declining in recent years. If bats cant eat enough food, they starve to death. Still other scientists believe that global warming is to blame. Warmer temperatures in recent years have been waking up hibernating 冬眠 bats earlier than usual. If bats break their hiberna

47、tion at the wrong time, they might not find their expected food sources. The weather might also turn cold again and weaken or kill the bats. Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off, but they do agree on the consequences. Bats are an important predator of mosquitoes; a single brow

48、n bat can eat 1,000 or more insects in an hour. They also eat beetles and other insects that damage plant crops. If there arent enough bats, damage will be great from the insects they eat While bats live a long time for their size 一 the little brown bat can live for more than 30 years 一 a female bat

49、 has only one baby per year, so bat populations grow slowly. Many bat species in the United States are already protected or endangered. How can you help. Do not disturb sleeping or nesting bats. If you discover bate that seem to be sick or that are dead, contact your local Fish& Wildlife Department

50、with the details. However, be careful not to touch the animals. 36. What is the main idea of this passage. A. All species of bats in North America are dying. B. Scientists already know the cause of the deaths of bats C. The bat deaths are a serious problem. D. There are many possible causes of the d

51、eaths of bats. 37. What does the first sentence in Paragraph 1 mean. A. Bees have been dying mysteriously. B. The first article on the website is about bees. C. Bees usually die before bats. D. It was bees that caused the deaths of bats. “ pipistrelle in Paragraph 1 refers to 38. The word A. a kind

52、of fungus. B. an area in the U.S. C. a special cave. D. a kind of bat. 39. The moths in Paragraph 3 are taken as an example of A. diseases that kill bats. B. Insects that bats eat. C. animals that have diseases. D. bat species that are starving to death. 40. What is the purpose of the last paragraph

53、. A. To get people to stop killing bats. B. To hire workers for the Fish & Wildlife Department. C. To ask people not to touch dead bats. D. To tell the public how to help bats. 第三篇 Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both he

54、at and electricity, but until now they havent been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline solar thermal collector. That silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn t a very effic

55、ient way to gather heat. That s a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And its also a space problem：photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applica

56、tions. In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from ThinSilicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephe

57、n Harrison from Queens University, Canada. Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They dont create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they requir

58、e much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately, thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect. “ That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light pretty much the worst possible effect for a sola

59、r cell,” Pearce explains,which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market. However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new type of PVT. You dont have to cool down thin-fi

60、lm silicon to make it work. In fact ,Pearce s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures,near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar ther