1、GCT英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練(四) Text 7 In the early days of sea travel, seamen on long voyages lived exclusively on salted meat and biscuits. Many of them died of scurvy (壞血病), a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums, livid white spots on the flesh and general exhaustion. On one occasion, in 1535, an Engl

2、ish ship arrived in Newfoundland with its crew desperately ill. The mens lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them vegetable leaves to eat. Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused by some lack in the sailors diet and Captain Cook, on his long voyages of discovery to Australi

3、a and New Zealand, established the fact that scurvy could be warded off by the provision of fresh fruit for the sailors.Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may yet result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. These elements are called “vitamin

4、s”. Quite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them, A, B, C, D, and so on. Different diseases are associated with deficiencies of particular vitamins. Even a slight lack of Vitamin C, for example, the vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit and vegetables, is t

5、hought to increase significantly our susceptibility (敏感度) to colds and influenza.The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruit and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet, say during extended

6、periods of religious fasting (齋戒), or when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.11. Scurvy is a disease that is provoked by _A. salted meat and biscuits B. exhaustionC. want of some essential substances D. lack of fresh vegetables and f

7、ruits12. In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, “warded off” could probably be replaced by _.A. got rid of B. killedC. avoided D. cleared away13. To avoid such disease as scurvy, its better for us _.A. not to eat much salted meatB. to supplement our diet with various vitamin pillsC. to have more fresh

8、 fruit and vegetablesD. to develop a good dietary habit14. Based on the passage we can safely conclude that if our diet is not comprehensive enough _.A. vitamin pills are of no availB. nutritious food might be unhealthyC. vegetable leaves can be a good remedyD. religious fasting may help out a lot15

9、. Which of the following sentences best expresses the central ideal of the passage?A. Deficiencies of Vitamin C may cause serious diseases.B. Fresh fruit and green vegetables contain enough nutrition that is necessary for a healthy body.C. Vitamins play a vitally important role in peoples health.D.

10、A good mixed diet normally supplies sufficient vitamins for us.11.【答案】C。【解析】對(duì)于scurvy(敗血癥)整個(gè)第一段都在介紹其情況，是什么引起它的呢?這就要求讀者對(duì)這一段的各細(xì)節(jié)都準(zhǔn)確理解，文中很明確地提到敗血癥是由于水手的飲食中缺少一些東西而引起的，而敗血癥又可通過(guò)吃新鮮蔬果而避免，這是否意味著敗血癥是由于缺少新鮮蔬果而引起的呢?從字面看，似乎是正確的，有的讀者會(huì)選D項(xiàng)，但我們仔細(xì)理解每一選項(xiàng)及原文，新鮮蔬果為什么能避免敗血癥，當(dāng)然是由于其中含有豐富的維生素，從下文主要講述的對(duì)象維生素來(lái)看，我們也可猜到，真正引起敗血癥的

11、是缺乏蔬果中的維生素，所以C項(xiàng)者是最準(zhǔn)確的。12.【答案】C。（北京安通學(xué)校提供）【解析】用一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)代替另一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，也是對(duì)詞義的考查，通常可以從上下文來(lái)推斷，既然敗血癥的產(chǎn)生原因已被查明，那么通過(guò)提供新鮮蔬果敗血癥當(dāng)然能被“避免”。A項(xiàng)的除掉顯然不正確，因?yàn)榉乐螖⊙Y可以通過(guò)多吃蔬果，但要除掉一種病癥卻不是那么簡(jiǎn)單的事。B項(xiàng)“殺死”，這與A項(xiàng)意思基本相似，也是不正確的。C項(xiàng)“避免”這與原文相符。D項(xiàng)“清除”這也與A、B兩項(xiàng)相近，是不正確的。13.【答案】D。【解析】如何避免敗血癥的方法，文中已提到，可通過(guò)多吃新鮮蔬果的方法，正如第一題一樣，透過(guò)表面文字新鮮蔬果的真正意義是什么?當(dāng)然是指

12、水手們單一的腌肉飲食太不合理，要補(bǔ)充蔬果以增加維生素，也就是說(shuō)需要合理的飲食習(xí)慣，這樣在仔細(xì)理解原文和選項(xiàng)后，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)D項(xiàng)是最合適的答案。14.【答案】B。【解析】這一題需要我們對(duì)全文都理解后才能得出答案，如果我們的食物攝取不夠廣泛會(huì)如何?A項(xiàng)“維生素丸沒(méi)有用”，而文中未曾提到維生素丸的作用，而根據(jù)常識(shí)服食維生素丸是可以補(bǔ)充暫時(shí)的維生素不足的，因此A不正確。B項(xiàng)“有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物也可能是不健康的”，正如文中提到的腌肉，雖然腌肉也有營(yíng)養(yǎng)，但只吃咸肉而沒(méi)有足夠的維生素，水手們依然患了敗血癥，第二段第一句也表達(dá)了此意，因此B項(xiàng)是正確的。C項(xiàng)“蔬菜葉子可以作為一味好藥”，如果食物攝取不廣泛，蔬菜葉子并

13、不能作萬(wàn)能的藥，在文中它只適合于敗血癥的治療，所以C項(xiàng)不準(zhǔn)確。D項(xiàng)“宗教式的齋戒會(huì)很有幫助”，而文中提到，在進(jìn)行齋戒時(shí)需要特別補(bǔ)充某些缺乏的維生素，所以D項(xiàng)不正確。15.【答案】C。【解析】這一題是讀者對(duì)全文中心的理解，文章以敗血癥開(kāi)篇引出維生素的重要性，末尾也提到了維生素的攝取途徑，而這些都是為了突出維生素的重要性服務(wù)的。因此這篇文章的中心在于講述維生素的重要性，所以應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。Text 8The exact number of English words is not known. The large dictionaries have over half a million entries

14、, but many of these are compound words (schoolroom, sugar bowl) or different derivatives of the same word (rarerarely, rarefy), and a good many are obsolete words to help us read older literature. Dictionaries do not attempt to cover completely words that we can draw on: the informal vocabulary, esp

15、ecially slang, localism, the terms of various occupations and professions; words use only occasionally by scientists and specialists in many fields; foreign words borrowed for use in English; or many new words or new senses of words that come into use every year and that may or may not be used long

16、enough to warrant being included. It would be conservative to say that there are over a million English words that any of us might meet in our listening and reading and that we may draw on in our speaking and writing.Professor Seashore concluded that first graders enter school with at least 2,000 wo

17、rds and add 5,000 each year so that they leave high school with at least 80,000. These figures are for recognition vocabulary, the words we understand when we read or hear them. Our active vocabulary, the words we use in speaking and writing, is considerably smaller.You cannot always produce a word

18、exactly when you want it. But consciously using the words you recognize in reading will help get them into your active vocabulary. Occasionally in your reading pay particular attention to these words, especially when the subject is one that you might well write or talk about. Underline or make a lis

19、t of words that you feel a need for and look up the less familiar ones in a dictionary. And then before very long find a way to use some of them.Once you know how they are pronounced and what they stand for, you can safely use them.16. In the authors estimation, there are _ words in English.A. more

20、than half a million B. at least 24,000C. at least 80,000 D. more than a million17. The word “obsolete” most probably means _.A. no longer in use B. profoundC. colorful or amusing D. common18. Ones recognition vocabulary is _.A. less often used than his active vocabularyB. smaller than his active voc

21、abularyC. as large as his active vocabularyD. much larger than his active vocabulary19. The author does not suggest getting recognition vocabulary into active vocabulary by _.A. making a list of words you need and looking up the new ones in a dictionaryB. everyday spending half an hour study the dic

22、tionaryC. consciously using the words you recognize in readingD. trying to use the words you recognize20. From this passage we learn that _.A. dictionaries completely cover the words we can make use ofB. “schoolroom” is used in the passage as an example of a specialized termC. once you know how a word is pronounced and what it represents, you have turned it into your active wordD. active vocabulary refers to words we understand when we read and hear them16.【答案】D。（北京安通學(xué)校提供）【解析】在第一段中明確寫(xiě)道：保守估計(jì)，在聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)各方面可能會(huì)遇到的英語(yǔ)單詞超過(guò)一百萬(wàn)個(gè)。從這一句我們可以看出D項(xiàng)“一百萬(wàn)多個(gè)”是正確的。A項(xiàng)