1、非謂語動詞在句中作定語在英語句子中，不定式todo,分詞v+ing和v+ed以及動名詞v+ing是非謂語動詞，除不能作謂語外，其他成份都可擔(dān)當(dāng)，其中一個成份就是作定語。不定式todo在句中作定語置于被修飾名詞后，常同該名詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，要是不定式是不及物動詞，其后應(yīng)加上必要的介詞。例：Ihavesomethingtosay.（tosaysomething）Ilgliveyouamagazinetoread.Thatisagoodcompanytoworkfor.Heisapleasantfellowtoworkwith.Wouldyoubringmeabenchtositon?有些名詞常接不定

2、式作定語，如：chance,time,reason,way,effort,right（權(quán)利）,movement等，例：Youhavenatnyreasontoleaveme.Youhavenorighttodosuchathing.Hesucceededinhisefforttoovercomehisfatalweakness.Heputhimselfoutofthewaytohelpothers.Wehavenotimetolose.Thankyouforgivingmethechancetomakethespeech.Thefirst,thelast,thesecond,thebest等常

3、與不定式連用作定語。例：Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.Shewouldbethelasttoagreetoourplan.Youarethesecondtoaskmethatquestion.Ildlomypoorbesttofixitup.當(dāng)togo,tospare作“剩下”講時(shí)可作定語。例：Hehadfiveminutestogobeforetimewasup.Theyhadonly100dollarstospare.不定式用在某些句子中作定語相當(dāng)于一個定語從句，表示動作即將發(fā)生。例：Therearemanydifficultiestoovercome.=Therear

4、emanydifficultiesthatwillhavetobeovercome.Hehasalargefamilytosupport.=Hehasalargefamilythathemustsupport.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞在句中都可以作定語，但在語態(tài)和時(shí)間概念上有區(qū)別，在語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動，在時(shí)間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進(jìn)行，而過去分詞則表示動作完成。例：boilingwater（主動、進(jìn)行）boiledwater（被動、完成）有時(shí)過去分詞則表示被動，不表示完成的動作，有時(shí)則表示動作的完成，不表示被動的動作。例： TOC o 1-5 h z t

5、hefallenleaves（動作已完成）developedcountries（動作已完成）aninterestedparty（被動）單個分詞作定語置于被修飾詞前。例：Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Helitafireandfromittookaburningstick.Americaisadevelopedcountry.有些單個分詞（尤其是現(xiàn)在分詞）作定語時(shí)也可以置于被修飾詞之后，特別如一些不定代詞anything,something,everything,nothing等則應(yīng)后置。例： TOC o 1-5 h z theexperiencegained（獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)）

6、forthetimebeing（暫時(shí)）foryearsrunning（一連數(shù)年）Shefoundthewindowopenandsomethingstolen.Thereisnothingdoing.Thereisnothinginterestingintodaypsaper.Theycanseeeverythinghappeningontheline.Isthereanythinginterestinginthebook?分詞短語置于被修飾詞之后Thepenlyingonthetablebelongstoyou.Theboymakingfacesismyson.Ilikesongsperfo

7、rmedbyMaoAming.其實(shí)作定語的分詞短語可以擴(kuò)展為定語從句。如上述三句可改為：Thepenwhichislyingonthetablebelongstoyou.Theboywhoismakingfacesismyson.IlikesongswhichwasperformedbyMaoAming.現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語表示一個（現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚┱谶M(jìn)行的動作，或者表示某經(jīng)常性動作或狀態(tài)。例：Canyouseethestarmovinginthesky?Thereisapianostandinginthecorner.如果分詞所表示的動作在時(shí)間上同謂語動詞所表示的動作不一致，不能使用現(xiàn)在分詞，而

8、應(yīng)使用定語從句。例：Iwanttoknowthemanbreakingthewindow.（X）Break的動作是先發(fā)生上例不能用現(xiàn)在分詞，應(yīng)改為定語從句。如：.whobrokethewindow.Doyouknowanyonehavinglostmoney.（X）Doyouknowanyonewholostmoney.（V）因此我們就知道在那種情況下定語從句可以用現(xiàn)在分詞代替，即：定語從句動詞所表示的時(shí)間同主句謂語動詞的時(shí)間一致時(shí)。例：Didyouseetheman（whowas）talkingtotheheadmaster?Thehospitalwhichstands/standingac

9、rossthestreetwassetuplastyear.（stands表示一個經(jīng)常性的狀態(tài)）過去分詞在時(shí)間上，表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之間，表示與句中謂語動詞相應(yīng)的經(jīng)常性動作；或表示一個正在進(jìn)行的動作，用being+過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Isthisthebookwritten（whichwaswritten）byHenryJames?Hewasthenateacherrespected（whowasrespected）byallhisstudents.Thematterbeingdiscussed（whichisbeingdiscussed）isofgreatimportance.Hewas

10、invitedtoameetingtobeheld（whichwastobeheld）thenextday.動名詞作定語動名詞單個詞作定語時(shí)也置于被修飾詞前，表示被修飾詞的用途、類屬等。例；awritingtable=atableforwriting（動名詞）asleepingchild=achildwhoissleeping（現(xiàn)在分詞）aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming（動名詞）awaitingroom=aroomforwaiting（動名詞）drinkingwater=waterfordrinking（動名詞）Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudi

11、nthereadingroom.（動名詞）Thatisashopdealinginwalkingstick.（動名詞）Thesleepingchildwasinasoundsleep.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Allbedroomsinthishotelhavehotcoldrunningwater.（現(xiàn)在分詞）從上述看，單個動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以作前置定語，但現(xiàn)在分詞和被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，表示被修飾名詞自身發(fā)生的動作或行為，而動名詞和被修飾的名詞不表示這種關(guān)系，只表示與被修飾名詞的用途、類屬等。動名詞作介詞賓語構(gòu)成的介詞短語可定語。例：Heisinthehabitofrisingearly.（

12、ofrising修飾名詞habit）Shehasagoodideaofplayingsnowball.（ofplaying修飾名詞idea）有些名詞有時(shí)也可接不定式和其接“介詞動名詞”在意義上沒有區(qū)別。例：Thatisthewayofsettingtheproblem.That is the way to settle the 這類名詞常用的有：That is the way to settle the 這類名詞常用的有：time for doing sth.Time to do sth.Freedom in doing sth.Freedom to do sth.Failure in doi

13、ng sth.Failure to do sth.Choice of doing sth.Choice to do blem.Reason of doing sth.Reason to do sth.Chance of doing sth.Chance to do sth.Patience in doing sthPatience to do sth.Opportunity of doing sth.Opportunity to do sth.但有些名詞和purpose,method,idea,habit等后面只能接of+動名詞，不接不定式，有些名詞如promise,effort,desire

14、,attempt,ability,refusal,determination,failure不接of+動名詞，但可以接不定式。例：Itissurprisingthattheyshouldchoosethismethodofpassingtheevening.(不用methodtopass)Theoldmanisinthehabitofreadingthenewspaperatbreakfast.(不用habittodo)Idonttrusthispromisetocomeforavisit.(不用promiseofcoming)Shehadpersistedinherrefusaltospen

15、dChristmasinBursley.(不用refusalofspending)Buthiseffortstogetherbackwerevain.(不用effortsofgetting)示例考題1-Whatdoyouthinkofthemiddleschool?-Itisaverygood_.A.schooltostudyB.SchooltostudyinC.StudyingschoolD.schoolforchildrentostudy解析從本題的答案看并結(jié)合提干的要求接上一個名詞school,后在這個名詞后面使用不定式作該名詞的定語，從答案中看給的不定式tostudy,在此是作不及物動

16、詞，因此不定式的后面應(yīng)加上一個介詞in才合乎題意，所以選B。考題2Snowwasfallingwhentheywentalongamountainpathtothefront.A.toleadB.LedC.LeadingD.beingled解析據(jù)題意提干前有一個名詞path,其后是介詞組tothefront,即要求一個現(xiàn)在分詞和tothefront連成現(xiàn)在分詞短語修飾名詞path作定語，path名詞雖表示物不能使用過去分詞，是小路本身延伸到前線的，所以選C。考題3Theysetupantableinasmalltempletooperateonthesoldiers.A.operating;w

17、oundedB.Operated;woundingC.operated;/woundedD.operating;wounding解析據(jù)題意在第一個提干里應(yīng)使用動名詞作tale的名詞的定語，修飾table，說明戰(zhàn)士是被槍擊傷的即受傷的士兵，表被動完成的動作，所以選A。訓(xùn)練Thecadretoldmethathehadameeting.A.toattendB.AttendC.AttendingD.tobeattendedHeaskedforapieceofpaperandapen.towrite;towriteB.Towrite;towriteonC.Towriteon;towritewithD.wr