1、Unit 1 Starting outOutside viewJulie My names Julie Dearden, and Im the Director of International Programmes here at Hertford College. Eugene My names Eugene Berger, I studied here in Oxford for four years er, studying modern languages at Somerville College.Julie Oh, there are many Oxford traditions

2、. Oxford is a very old university, the oldest English-speaking university in the, in the world. And so there are many traditions which are associated with the colleges, with the times of the year, and with sport, and with eating, for example.Eugene Each college is very different um, from um, the oth

3、ers, and it has its own character. Some colleges are very conservative, and some are much more liberal and have a tradition of um, kind of liberal politics. But there are also some specific traditions.Julie Formal Hall is when we all eat together here in college, the professors and the students. Usu

4、ally it takes places at seven oclock in the evening, and the professors sit on high table which is the table over here, and the students sit on common table, which are the tables here. But everybody eats together. Its a very beautiful evening because there are, theres a special meal and we eat by ca

5、ndlelight.Eugene I think er, the traditions that make Oxford so unique are firstly the Oxford Union and er, secondly, May Day. The Oxford Union being a debating society where speakers come from all around the world to address the students and even allow themselves to be questioned by the students, m

6、aking it a very interesting forum.Julie My favourite is er, May Day. And May Day is the first day of May, and we have a tradition called May Morning, and on May Morning everybody gets up very early and the students have a celebration. There is a choir which sings on top of the tower at Magdalen Coll

7、ege and all the people of the town and all the students go to listen to the singing. So its very nice.Eugene The tradition that er, was most important to me was probably Summer Eights. I was a rower. And Summer Eights is a rowing competition, held in May in the summer term. And in this competition,

8、each college is trying to improve its place which it won the previous year and gradually work its way up the river.Julie When the students take exams, they must go to a special building and its called Examination Schools. And also they must wear a special uniform, so they wear e. gown like mine, a b

9、lack gown, and they wear a white shirt, arid the men wear a white tie and black trousers. The women wear a white shirt and a black skirt or black trousers. And they must wear this uniform, which has a Latin name - sub fuse and they must wear this uniform in order to take their examinations.Eugene I

10、think the Oxford traditions lend character to the place and its such an old institution, it should have traditions, but they can be very inconvenient. For example, sub fuse. This is the uniform that we are required according to the university rules, to wear.Julie They also wear flowers in their butt

11、onholes, and those flowers are carnations. And they wear different colours, the students wear different coloured flowers for different examinations. So when you take your first exam you wear a white flower, and when you take your second exam you wear a pink flower, and when you take your final exami

12、nation you wear a red carnation.Eugene So we have to dress up in a full black suit, starched collar, white bow tie and carry a mortarboard. And to write an exam in the summer heat whilst wearing all that which youre not allowed to take off is um, uncomfortable.Julie I really like the Oxford traditio

13、ns, I think its part of our history, and part of um, being a student or a teacher here at Oxford University.Listening inPassage 1Interviewer Can you tell me something about the Ivy League? Youre a professor at Harvard, is that right?ProfessorT hats right, yes.Interviewer Tell me how many universitie

14、s are there? How many institutions?ProfessorI n total there are eight institutions: Theres Harvard, Yale, Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Princeton, and the University of Pennsylvania.Interviewer Ah, OK. And whats the sporting . I believe theres some link with sports.Professor There certainly i

15、s, yes. Originally the Ivy League referred to the sports teams from the universities which competed against each other, especially in football, basketball and ice hockey. Now sometimes these universities, institutions, chose their students on the basis of their skills at these particular sports. But

16、 in the last 50 years, Ivy League schools have accepted a wider range of students because it wasnt possible to be both world-famous for research and also top class in sport.Interviewer And what about their academic importance? I gather theyre academically very, very important, theyre very well-known

17、.ProfessorA bsolutely at the top. Theyre near or at the top of the USA colleges and university rankings. And theyre almost always in the top one per cent of the worlds academic institutions for financial resources.Interviewer And what does it mean socially to go to an Ivy League university?Professor

18、C ertainly if youve been to one of these institutions, you are presumed or assumed to be at the top end of the scale. The Ivy League institutions have a reputation for social elitism, many of the students are rich, intellectual, white Anglo-Saxon, protestants. Not all of them of course, but quite a

19、lot of them.Interviewer And do you know . whys it called the Ivy League, whats the origin of the name?ProfessorT here are a number of stories, derivations, but possibly its based on four universities, and IV, the letters IV, thats the Roman numeral for four. Another more likely story is that ivy pla

20、nts, which are symbolic of the age of the universities, you know, would be grown at the walls of these universities, these institutions, they cover the walls of the buildings. The term was created by a sports journalist, I think in the 1930s.Interviewer Right, OK. And which is the oldest university?

21、Professor The oldest goes back to the 17th century, thats Harvard which was founded in 1636. And the youngest of the institutions is Cornell which was founded in 1865.Interviewer And which has the largest number of undergraduates?Professor Cornell has the largest number, about 13,000, 13,500 undergr

22、aduates.T he institution with the smallest number is Dartmouth College with a little over 4,000.Interviewer And what about the acceptance rate? Is it hard to get into?ProfessorT hat ranges from about seven per cent to 20 per cent.Interviewer And any famous alumni? Famous old boys?Professor Hundreds!

23、 Hundreds of them. But I suppose worldwide, the two that would be definitely known all over the world would certainly be George Bush who went to Yale, and John F Kennedy, President Kennedy, who was at Harvard.Interviewer Thank you.Passage2Andy Did you see the film on television last night?Jane No, I

24、 was out. What was it?Andy A Beautiful Mind. Its about John Forbes Nash, the mathematician who won the Nobel Prize.Jane Ive heard about that film, yes. Hes played by Russell Crowe, isnt he? I like Russell Crowe, hes great. Andy Thats the one, yes.Jane Whats it about?Andy Well, the story begins in th

25、e early years of Nashs life at Princeton University as a graduate student. Jane Thats one of the Ivy League schools, isnt it?Andy Yes, its all set in New England, lovely old buildings, beautiful autumn colours. Its lovely to look at.Anyway, Nash meets his roommate Charles, a literature student, who

26、soon becomes his best friend. Nash admits to Charles that he is better with numbers than people, and the main thing hes looking for is a truly original idea for his thesis paper.Jane So hes not interested in having fun?Andy Well, yes, but hes not very good with people or successful with women, thats

27、 all. But, you know, its one of these bad experiences with people which ultimately inspires his brilliant work in mathematics.Jane No good at relationships, so he becomes a genius at maths?Andy Thats about right, yes. So when he finishes his studies at Princeton, he accepts a job at Massachusetts In

28、stitute of Technology. Five years later, he meets Alicia, a student who he falls in love with and eventually marries.Jane Ah! At last, the love interest!Andy Yes, but wait a moment. Nash believes that hes been asked to work by William Parcher for the US Department of Defense on breaking Soviet codes

29、. At one point hes chased by the Russians, and its after this that he becomes mentally ill.Jane I think Ive seen this in the trailer to the film.Andy So when hes put in a psychiatric hospital, he thinks the Soviets have captured him. Hes given this painful treatment which affects his relationship wi

30、th his wife. And his intellectual skills. So he stops taking the medicine.Jane It sounds quite hard to watch.Andy Well, it is, but its well acted and directed, and so, you know, theres a-bit of distance between the audience and whats happening on film.Jane So what happens next?Andy Well, then his il

31、lness returns, so he and his wife decide to try and live with it. It all gets a bit complicated, because were no longer sure if Charles, you know, his old friend, or even Parcher were real, or if they were just people that existed only in Nashs mind.Jane That sounds awful. He must have been so ill,A

32、ndy Actually, Im kind of giving away the twist in the story. Anyway, later in his life, while hes using the library at Princeton again, he asks his rival Martin Hansen if he can start teaching again. And so the story ends when he goes on to win the Nobel Prize in Economics.Jane Well, it sounds like

33、a great film.Andy Yes, you should see it sometime.Unit 2 Food, glorious food!Outside viewVoice-over We were lucky to be invited into the kitchen at the Dooky Chases Restaurant. Leah has been wo rking in the restaurant for over 50 years. She told us about her life and she explained how to make a sim

34、ple dish called shrimp Clemenceau.Leah This is a very simple dish. First you get some shrimp. You can do this dish with chicken or shrimp, butI like it with the shrimp better. So you just brown a little thing.Interviewer And, and whats, whats the actual, whats the cooking in? Leah Butter. Interviewe

35、r OK.Leah It just cook, so here you get a little cholesterol, but hey, thats it, a little cholesterol. Then you wanna g et the garlic. So you see it works two forces. You get the cholesterol, and then you get a little garlic, cut out on the cholesterol, you see.Interviewer OK. And where did you, whe

36、re did you learn all the cooking?Leah Well, my mother, you know. Im the top of the line of 11 children, so you get to learn how to cook wh ether you like it or not. You get to cook that way. Then here you want to add a little mushroom in here, t his is just sliced button mushroom. If you like other

37、mushroom, you can do that, we just saute that in the re. You know, at home, when you, you have to cook, everybody had that turn in the kitchen. So this is adish that is used in several restaurants, but this is my own version. Some people do it different than this, but I like it this way, because I l

38、ike the . Can you smell the garlic in there?Interviewer Oh, yeah.Leah Alright?Interviewer That smell is very strong.Leah Uha, and then you want to add your peas. Its very, very simple. Interviewer And did you, did your mu m run the restaurant as well?Leah No, no, my mother-in-law. My mother-in-law h

39、ad this restaurant before I came in. And she started it i n 41. I came in in 46. So, and I added many things. You have to understand in 41. Now here we can add our potatoes. You see our shrimp is all cooked there.-Just add the potato. You can pre-cook your potatoe s. You can boil them, or in this ca

40、se, we, we blanch them a little bit. In that and just toss together, and yo u get one, you get just one casserole like here. And you can put a little pepper on it. Give it a good dash of pepper. A little salt. Its very simple, but its a good dish. And as I said, you can do it with chicken bre ast or

41、 shrimp. You see? Toss it and get it there.Interviewer And what do you, what do you call the dish?Leah A shrimp Clemenceau. And I, I really dont know how it got that name, but its popular in this area. Bu t as I said, some people do it a little different. You can take wine at this point. You can hit

42、 a little wine in there if you like it, but I, I just dont like to kill the taste of the butter and the garlic. I like that a lot. And you can take the parsley, always parsley. Interviewer Thats parsley, isnt it?Leah Parsley. Uhm. And Im gonna show you something that all Creoles keep in their kitche

43、n. You see you get kind of a like a dull look here. But every Creole has this paprika in their kitchen. And give it all a das h of paprika. And you get a little color there, you see? A little red color there. And its very, very simple, great dish to eat. Not hard to make. You see? And you have a goo

44、d dish.Listening inPassage 1Ben If its a formal meal, maybe Thanksgiving or Christmas, or if youre with your boss or someone like that , you are being careful about your table manners. So youd wait until everyone is served before you eat. But most of the time, if you know each other well you would j

45、ust go ahead and start. Its more usual to e ntertain them at home because it shows your hospitality. We have a lot of barbecues outside, maybe in th e garden or maybe at a campsite. But sometimes if you dont want to cook, you can go to a restaurant.Oh, well, after dessert youll have a little talk, t

46、hen talk some more, have some coffee. Then youll say, O h well, its time for us, we should get going. And if you dont then youre probably going to be rude and stay too late.Michelle Well, it would be between 8 and 8.30. It is unusual that if somebody is invited for 8 they would be there at 7.30 or 7

47、.45. Probably 8, or 8.30 would be when all the guests would arrive. Its OK to refuse so mething if you dont like it, but it might be embarrassing.For example, if Im cooking dinner and I discov er one of my guests is a vegetarian, Ill feel a bit frustrated that I didnt know before. But usually everyo

48、ne tries everyt hing.Tom Well, usually the host serves the guests, so you should make sure you tell him or her not to give you to o much, because yes, its quite important to eat everything on your plate. It doesnt matter if you leave so mething, but if you leave a lot, it will look as if you dont li

49、ke their cooking.My mother always told me to put my hands on my lap, under the table when I wasnt eating, and I would be in big trouble if I ever put my elbows on the table. But actually I know that in some countries thats co nsidered rude. So I might rest my hands or my arms on the table, and I sup

50、pose its a bit more relaxed tod ay than it used to be when I was young.No, its the worst thing you can do if youre eating. Any strange noises are absolutely forbidden. I mean you can say mmm, this is good, but nothing more than that. And even when you drink soup or eat noodl es, you have to do it in

51、 silence, otherwise its considered very bad manners.Passage 2News-reader The government announced today that they are going to ban advertisements for junk food duri ng TV programmes for children under the age of 16. The rules will include any foods that are high in fat, salt and sugar. There will be

52、 a total ban on ads during childrens programmes and on childrens channels , as well as adult programmes watched by a large number of children. But there will not be a total ban on all ads for junk food which are shown on television before 9 pm. This was thought to be over the top by representatives

53、of the food industry. The new rules will come into effect before the end of December this year, and mean that television channels will lose about 39 million in revenu e for advertising.So why has the government introduced this ban? We asked leading food and nutrition expert,Neil Bennett. Neil Well,

54、we all know that over the last 30 years, what we call junk food, bad food with too much fat and salt, has become easily available and eating habits have changed.However, in recent years many of us have become aware of the importance of keeping fit and eating healthil y, and this means people are not

55、 going to fast food restaurants so often. So, the result is that the fast food business has increased the number of ads in order to recover some of the business its lost. News-reader And how do the fast food restaurants do this?Neil The biggest problem is that they aim their ads at young people. One

56、 well-known fast food restaurant ch ain sells hamburgers which come with a free gift, usually a toy which is linked to a new childrens film. Other fast food restaurants aim their ads at teenage and college-age men, trying to make their food trend y and, you know, kind of masculine food.News-reader S

57、o a ban on junk food ads will stop the sales of junk food?Neil Almost certainly not, but it might reduce the growth of the fast food industry.News-reader So youre in favour of the ban?Neil As a nutritionist, I am. As a father of two young children, Im not sure.News-reader Why not?Neil Because less m

58、oney from advertising will mean less money for childrens TV programmes. So were lik ely to see more cheap and violent cartoons, and fewer programmes produced specially for children.News-reader So the choice is between junk food and junk television? Neil Yes, that just about sums it up. N ews-reader

59、Neil Bennett, thank youUnit 3 Learning to thinkOutside viewPart 1Teacher Good morning, class.Students Good morning.Teacher What were going to do today is start off looking at mind maps or mind mapping. Now have any of you heard about mind maps before?Students Yes . No .Teacher Yes. Some of you have,

60、 some of you havent. OK. Have any of you actually used mind maps in the past?Students No .Teacher No? OK. Who can tell me what a mind map is?Student 1 Its a way of thinking.Teacher It is a way of thinking. Mind maps are diagrams which help us to generate ideas, and also to organize or structure our