1、可持續社區整合系統Steve Kellenberg總裁，易道爾灣辦公室Integrated Systems Approach for Sustainable Communities Steve KellenbergPrincipal, EDAW (Irvine, US)系統整合的思維方式Integrated Whole Systems Thinking生態資源 Ecological Resources能源 Energy交通 Transportation綠色建筑 Green Building水 Water社會/文化 Socio /Cultural經濟 Economic新建項目 Greenfiel

2、d Projects 適用于20多英畝到10,000多英畝的社區scalable from 20 + acres to large 10,000 acre + communities已有社區Existing Communities氣候變化應對策略規劃Climate Change Strategic Plans生態效率推動計劃Eco-Efficiency Initiatives鄰里、城鎮、市區和城市Neighborhoods, Towns, Downtowns, Cities褐色土地和再開發Brownfields & Redev填入式再開發Infill Redevelopments環境報告Env

3、ironmental Documentation環境影響評估Environmental Impact Assessment提供應對氣候變化的新方式Support new scopes on Climate Change可持續發展整合模型 (SSIM)Sustainable Systems Integration Model (SSIM)SSIM GIS界面SSIM GIS Interface利用自動化模型和整合技術Using Automated Models and Integrated Technologies概念繪制Draw Concept將規劃方案輸入SSIMFeed Land Prog

4、ram to SSIM 得到模型結果Get SSIM Results運行生成模型和城市形態分析模型，并生成土地規劃方案Run Yield Model, Urban Form Analysis Model & Generate Land ProgramSSIM GIS界面SSIM GIS Interface方案 1Scheme 1方案 3Scheme 3方案 2Scheme 2Plan ComparisonSustainability IndicatorsPlan ComparisonSustainability IndicatorsPlan ComparisonSustainability I

5、ndicators第二步：專題項目的優化Stage Two: Core Theme Optimization 專題項目評估Core Themes Evaluated項目城市形態On-site Urban Form居住區建筑能源Residential Building Energy非居住區建筑能源Non-Residential Building Energy交通Transportation 公共空間能源Public Realm Energy生活用水、雨水和廢水Domestic, Storm, Waste Water 城市熱島效應Urban Heat Island Effect生態Ecology獨

6、立式可再生能源Freestanding Renewables區域分布式發電系統District Distributed Generation社會文化Socio-Cultural低碳項目開發Low Carbon Program Development初始投資First-Costs將組合融于總體可持續方案Packages Combined into Master Sustainability Programs生命周期成本Life Cycle Costs各個專題項目優化包組合Optimized Packages for Each Core Theme環境效益Environmental Benefit

7、市場成本承受力Market Cost Acceptance生活用水Domestic Water 佳good 優良better 最優best交通Transportation 佳good 優良better 最優best公共空間Public Realm 佳good 優良better 最優best可再生能源Renewable Energy 佳good 優良better 最優best專題項目建模Core Theme Modeling建筑能源Building Energy 佳good 優良better 最優best核心和中心Cores and Centers城鎮中心Central Town Center多

8、區域核心Multiple District Cores密度Density緊湊設計Compact Design高密度核心區Higher density in cores土地利用多樣性Diversity of Land Use住宅多樣化Broad range of housing工作居住平衡Jobs/housing balance提供本地服務Local service provision城市形態Urban Form建筑外圍Building Shell門窗幕墻Fenestration中央空調系統效率 HVAC efficiency熱水系統Water heating器具Appliances照明Ligh

9、ting被動式設計Passive design建筑朝向Bldg orientation建筑光電技術On-building PV建筑能源Building Energy輸出示例 住宅能源Example Outputs Residential Energy投資回收期最優優良佳最優優良佳千美元投資的碳排放削減量公寓大型獨立式住宅小型獨立式住宅大型獨立式住宅小型獨立式住宅公寓年百萬噸當量CO2輸出示例 住宅能源Example Outputs Residential Energy佳方案的價值圖優良方案的價值圖最優方案的價值圖貨幣化的效益投資比貨幣化的效益投資比貨幣化的效益投資比凈投資節省凈投資節省凈投資節

10、省土地利用Land Use景觀調色板Landscape palettes建筑節水Building Fixtures處理后污水回用Treated sewage effluent reuse雨水回用Stormwater reuse雨水收集Rainwater capture中水回用Gray water reuse生活用水削減Domestic Water Reduction輸出示例- 水Example Outputs - WATER水和廢水千美元投資的節水量英畝英尺/年基于投資增加比例的收益比地下水開采量回用水量廢水量雨水量英畝英尺比值微觀氣候工程Micro-Climate Engineering利用

11、植栽進行建筑遮陽Building Shading from trees 微觀水體濕度和制冷調節Micro-water cooling材料選擇Materials selection社區景觀Community Landscape公共空間植栽的增加Increased public realm planting綜合生物多樣性理念Bio-diversity concepts材料選擇Materials selection水景降溫Water Features for Cooling大尺度降溫和水化理念Large scale cooling城市熱島效應Urban Heat Island能源和溫室氣體補償:可再

12、生和分布式能源Energy and GHG Offsets: Renewable & Distributed Energy 建筑可再生措施On-Building Renewables光伏電池板Photo Voltaic panels熱源水供應Thermal hot water 分布式能源Distributed Energy 光伏發電廠Photo Voltaic plants風力發電廠Wind turbine plants熱電聯產CHP生物質* BioMass沼氣*BioGas地熱* GeoThermal智慧型電網Smart Grid需求控制技術 Demand Control 高效能分布High

13、 efficiency distribution第三步：總體方案整合Stage Three: Master Program Synthesis 總體組合比較Master Program Comparisons不同專題項目的碳削減總體碳排放削減比例總體組合比較Master Program Comparisons組合A組合B組合C陸地吸收的碳排放水體污染物削減雨水徑流削減用水削減車輛行駛里程削減總體碳排放削減非移動源碳排放能源削減與基準情景相比的削減比例SSIM模型：組合綜合比較SSIM Modeling: Program Performance組合效果比較資源足跡成本足跡車輛行駛里程雨水徑流用水

14、量碳排放氣體能源電力能源SSIM模型：碳排放SSIM Modeling: Carbon Emissions總體碳排放量包括移動源僅包括非移動源百萬噸二氧化碳當量（年）基準組合A組合B組合C目標Target碳足跡定位Carbon Footprint Targeting碳削減成果和目標不同組合碳消減獨立風能電廠獨立日光能電廠碳吸收Solar FarmWind FarmForestry (Sequestration)碳足跡定位Carbon Footprint Targeting風力發電場太陽能電場森林碳吸收開發成本影響Building Cost Impacts 不同方案的可持續措施的增加成本聯排別墅

15、低層公寓低層混合中層塔樓1中層塔樓2零售工業低層商業中層商業高層商業混合使用Increased Cost per Residential DwellingBaseline Plan基準規劃Adjusted Plan調整規劃% Improv改善比例%Residential Cost住宅成本Comm. Cost商業成本Master DeveloperCost 開發成本Res Bldg Energy 住宅建筑能源24,850 KWhr11,200KWhr55%Non-Res Bldg Energy 商業建筑能源457,700 KWhr294,500KWhr36%Domestic Water 生活用水

16、2,900AC FT yr980AC FT yr66%Transp. VMT車輛行駛里程559,180,000VMT yr489,282,500VMT yr13%12%6.5%$13 MCarbon Footprint w/o Transp 碳足跡（不含交通）40,300Mt C02eq18,000Mt C02eq55%Carbon Footprintw/ Transp. 碳足跡（含交通）303,700 Mt C02eq226,100Mt C02eq26%Source: EDAW, 2008總結示例Summary ExampleTerramor Largest PV Village in USWindstar, Platinum TriangleAnaheim, CASUMMARY70,000 Seat Stadium1,750 Dwelling Units500 Hotel Rooms275,000 s.f. Retail / Entertainment482,000 s.f. Office73,000 s.f. Performing Arts Center /Museum / Hall of FameApproxim