1、Computer Hardware Reading Chapter 1What can I do?The problem is solved!計算機專業英語What can I do?Background: Richard and Jim were classmates in high school and they are also very good friends. Now Richard is majoring in computer science in a university while Jim majors in business trade. Jim wants to buy

2、 a computer, but he knows little about it, so he wants Richard to introduce him something about computer hardware. They talked about this on the phone before and made this appointment. RICHARD: Hi. Havent seen you for a long time. How is everything going?JIM: So far so good. And you?RICHARD: Im fine

3、.JIM: Thank you for lending me a hand.RICHARD: You are welcome. Have you decided whether youll buy a brand machine or DIY ( Do It Yourself)?JIM: I dont know for sure.RICHARD: Do you have any idea of CPU, Input devices, Output devices and Storage?JIM: You know, Im a layman. I am at a loss when hearin

4、g these specialized words and phrases.RICHARD: In my opinion，first of all, you should have some knowledge of computer hardware, especially if you want to DIY. Ive brought you some materials. Youd better have a look. Then well make a further decision.JIM: Ok. Thats just what I think. After going thro

5、ugh the materials, Ill call you or we may meet somewhere.RICHARD: Thats all right. See you.JIM: See you計算機專業英語Computer HardwareWhat is a computer?What is the hardware and software?How many categories can computer hardware be divided into?計算機專業英語Computer HardwareA computer is a fast and accurate syst

6、em 主句 【that is organized to accept, store and 定語從句 process data, and produce results under the direction of a stored program】. 譯文：計算機是快速而精準的系統，它用來接收、存儲和處理數據，并在已存儲程序的指引下輸出結果精準的接收存儲處理數據指引已存儲程序計算機專業英語Computer HardwareThe following figure shows the basic organization of a computer system.Input devicesCP

7、UOutput devicesMemory計算機專業英語Computer HardwareHardware is the physical part of the system 【that can be seen and touched】 定語從句while software refers to programs 【that 定從control the operation of the hardware】. 譯文：硬件是系統的物理部件，是看得見摸得著的，軟件是指控制硬件操作的程序。 物理部件指程序操作計算機專業英語Computer HardwareComputer hardware can b

8、e divided into four categories: CPU, storage devices, input devices and output devices.譯文：計算機硬件可以分為四個部分：中央處理器，存儲設備，輸入和輸出設備。計算機專業英語Contents1.3 Storage1.2 Motherboard and CPU1.1 Input and Output Devices計算機專業英語1.1 Input and Output DevicesDo you know the input devices? keyboardmousescannermicrophone計算機專

9、業英語1.1 Input and Output DevicesInput Devices 1. To serve different application purposes, input devices can be classified into four types: letter input devices, pointing input devices, scanning input devices and audio-input devices. 譯文：為滿足不同的應用目的，輸入設備可以分為四類：字符輸入設備、指點輸入設備、掃描輸入設備和語音輸入設備。字符輸入指點輸入掃描輸入語音輸

10、入計算機專業英語1.1 Input and Output Devices2. Generally, the traditional 101-key keyboard has four key groups: the function key row at the top of the keyboard, the typewriter keypad, the cursor- edit keypad with arrows indicating up, down, right and left, and the numeric keypad. 譯文：一般而言，傳統的101鍵位的鍵盤有四個鍵區：位于

11、鍵盤頂部的功能鍵區、打字鍵區、包含上下左右四個箭頭移動光標的光標/編輯鍵區和數字鍵區。功能鍵區打字鍵區光標/編輯鍵區數字鍵區計算機專業英語1.1 Input and Output Devices 101-key keyboardfunction key rownumeric keypadcursor-edit keypadtypewriter keypad計算機專業英語1.1 Input and Output Devices Types of keyboard101-key keyboard104-key keyboardfolding keyboardergonomic keyboard計算

12、機專業英語1.1 Input and Output Devices3. A mouse can have one, two or three buttons, which are used to select command options and to control information presented on the monitor. 譯文：鼠標上面通常有一個、兩個或三個鍵，這些鍵用來選擇要執行的命令和控制顯示在顯示器上的信息。 按鈕顯示器計算機專業英語1.1 Input and Output Devices Types of mousemechanic mouseoptical m

13、ousecordless mouse計算機專業英語1.1 Input and Output Devices4. Most scanners are of the flatbed, sheet-fed, drum or handheld type, among which flatbed and handheld are the most popular. 譯文：掃描儀可以分為平板式、饋紙式、滾筒式和手持式，其中，以平板式和手持式兩款最為流行。 平板饋紙手持計算機專業英語1.1 Input and Output Devices Types of scannerflatbed scannerdru

14、m scannerhandheld scannersheet-fed scanner計算機專業英語1.1 Input and Output Devices Do you know the output devices?monitorprinter計算機專業英語1.1 Input and Output Devices Output Devices 5. It (monitor) shows text and graphic images to the computer users, using cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD

15、) or other image projection technology. 譯文：它是用陰極射線管、液晶顯示器、或其他圖像顯象技術將文本和圖形呈現給計算機用戶。 陰極射線管液晶顯示器CRTLCD計算機專業英語1.1 Input and Output Devices6. Clarity is indicated by its resolution, which is measured in pixels. For a fixed size monitor, the more pixels, the clearer the images. 譯文：清晰度通過分辨率顯示，而分辨率又由像素決定。在顯

16、示器尺寸不變的情況下，像素越多，圖像越清晰。 清晰度分辨率像素計算機專業英語1.1 Input and Output Devices7. A printer transfers what you see on the monitor onto paper, using impact or non- impact printing technology. 譯文：打印機是使用擊打式打印技術或非擊打式打印技術將顯示器上的內容轉移到紙上的設備。 擊打非擊打計算機專業英語1.1 Input and Output Devices Types of printer Ink-jet printerDot-ma

17、x printerLaser printerNon-impact printersImpact printer計算機專業英語1.1 Input and Output Devices Combination of Input and Output DevicesFax machineInternet telephonyMultifunction device計算機專業英語1.1 Input and Output Devices SummaryInput DevicesOutput DevicesCombination of Input Devices and Output Deviceslett

18、er input devicespointing input devicesscanning input devicesaudio-input devicesmonitorprinter計算機專業英語1.2 Motherboard and CPU Motherboard:主板 CPU：central processing unit 中央處理 單元 Control Unit：控制單元 Arithmetic-logic Unit：算術邏輯單元 Memory：內存計算機專業英語1.2 Motherboard and CPU. RAM: random-access memory 隨機存儲器 ROM:

19、Read-only memory 只讀存儲器 CMOS: complementary metal-oxide semiconductor 計算機專業英語1.2 Motherboard and CPU1The motherboard is so important that input and output devices such as monitor, keyboard, and printer cannot communicate with the system unit without it. 此句為sothat句型，意思是：如此以致于，that引導結果狀語從句。such as: 比如。

20、cannotwithout: 沒有就不能譯文：主板很重要，沒有它，輸入輸出設備如顯示器、鍵盤、打印機等就不能與計算機系統交流。 計算機專業英語1.2 Motherboard and CPU2Memory is an area that holds programs processed presently and data (including the results of the operation) used by programs.that 引導定語從句，修飾先行詞area。 processed presently為過去分詞短語后置作定語，修飾programs。 used by progr

21、ams為過去分詞短語后置作定語，修飾data。譯文：內存是存儲正在處理的程序和程序所使用的數據（包括運算結果）的地方。計算機專業英語1.2 Motherboard and CPU3These programs are built into ROM chips when the chips are made, which means that these programs are fixed, users can use the programs and cannot change them.These programs are built into ROM chips when the chi

22、ps are made為主句， which means that these programs are fixed, users can use the programs and cannot change them為非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句。when the chips are made為主句中的時間狀語從句。that these programs are fixed, users can use the programs and cannot change them 在定語從句中作賓語。譯文：這些程序在制作芯片時就寫入ROM芯片里了。也就是說，這些程序是固定的，用戶只能使用卻不能改變

23、他們。計算機專業英語1.3 StorageStorage Device and Storage Medium2Removable and Fixed Media3 Floppy disks USB flash drivesMemory and Storage 1 Optical discs Hard disk drive system計算機專業英語1.3 StorageIs there any difference between memory and storage?What advantages do hard disk drive system and removable-media d

24、evices each have?計算機專業英語1.3 StorageWhen people use the term “memory” in reference to computers, they are almost always referring to the 主句computers main memory (or primary memory) 【called 分詞短語做定語random access memory or RAM】, 【which is 非限定性定語從句comprised of chips 【attached to the motherboard】. 分詞短語做定語

25、術語談及主存儲器隨機訪問存儲器由構成芯片固定在計算機專業英語1.3 Storage譯文：當人們談及計算機用到“內存”這個術語時，他們幾乎總是在指被稱為隨機存儲器RAM的計算機的主存儲器，它是由固定在主板上的芯片構成的。 計算機專業英語1.3 StorageMemory is sometimes referred to as temporary storage because it will be lost if the electrical power to the computer is cut off. 譯文：內存有時被稱作暫時存儲器，因為如果斷電，這部分記憶會丟失。被稱作暫時存儲器計算機

26、專業英語1.3 StorageIn contrast, “storage” refers to the permanent storage available to a PC, which is also called secondary storage, usually in forms of the PCs hard drive, floppy disks and CDs. 譯文：相反，“外存”是指PC機所用的永久存儲器，它也被稱作輔助存儲器，通常是指硬盤，軟盤，CD等。相反指永久的計算機專業英語1.3 StorageStorage is permanent, as data and pr

27、ograms are retained when the power is turned off. 譯文：外存是永久的，因為斷電后數據和程序還存在。 因為數據程序計算機專業英語1.3 StorageHard disk drive system generally provide higher speed, larger size and better reliability at a low cost than removable-medias devices.譯文：和可移動介質比較，硬盤系統一般可以提供更高的存取速度，更大的存儲量，可靠性更強，成本更低。可靠性可移動介質計算機專業英語1.3

28、StorageHowever, removable-media devices have other advantages, including the following: unlimited storage capacity, transportability, backup, security. 譯文：然而，可移動介質系統有其它一些優勢，包括下列幾點：無限存儲容量 ，方便轉移 ，備份，安全性。無限的容量可運輸性備份安全性計算機專業英語1.3 StorageDo you know the meaning of these terms?memory 內存storage 外存random ac

29、cess memory (RAM)隨機存儲器USB flash drive U盤compact discs 光盤hard disks 硬盤floppy disks 軟盤計算機專業英語 The problem is solved! Peter had read the materials and in order to buy a computer, he met Richard again. Complete their dialogues by translating the Chinese into English orally.計算機專業英語The problem is solved!J

30、IM: Hi. Thanks for your coming to help me. RICHARD: Ill be glad to help you. Have you got some idea about computer? JIM: Yes. I have decided to a DIY .First of all, it can be very cheap. On the other hand, you know, I major in business trade and know little about computer. But I think, its a great o

31、pportunity for me to learn about a computer when buying a DIY. 計算機專業英語The problem is solved!RICHARD: You mean you want to learn to assemble a computer? JIM: Yes. Could you give me some suggestions? RICHARD: Sure! in my opinion, I suggest you dispose your computer as followings: (Please give your own

32、 answer to (6)-(13) Motherboard: (6) CPU (central processing unit): (7) Memory: (8) Hard disk: (9) Video Card: (10) 計算機專業英語The problem is solved! Disk Driver: (11) Monitor: (12) Printer: (13) As for system cabinet and speaker, its up to you. JIM: Great! Thank you very much! Ill write them in a list.

33、 This weekend Ill go to computer market and I cant wait to buy a DIY.RICHARD: If you have any other questions, please dont hesitate to contact me.JIM: OK. Thanks again.RICHARD: You are welcome.計算機專業英語計算機專業英語 Chapter 2Computer Software Reading Chapter 2What can I do?The problem is solved!計算機專業英語 Chap

34、ter 2Chapter 2Background: Richard is a computer beginner. He wants to buy a personal computer. Now, he gets to a computer shop. The following is the conversation between an assistant and him.ASSISTANT: Good morning. What can I do for you?RICHARD: Good morning. Id like to buy a personal computer.ASSI

35、STANT: What kind of computer do you want?RICHARD: Im not sure. But my friend recommends Dell PC to me. What do you think of it?ASSISTANT: Dell PC is very good. Please come here and look at this new model. Looking fine, right? And it sells well recently.RICHARD: OK. But what kind of operating system

36、should I install?ASSISTANT: There are a variety of operating systems. Whats more, PC operating system is very changeable.RICHARD: Could you tell me the widely used ones?ASSISTANT: No problem. There are Windows, Linux, Unix, DOS and so on. But the most widely used one is Windows and I recommend Windo

37、ws line to you.計算機專業英語 Chapter 2RICHARD: All right. Id like to install Windows line. I remember my friend uses Windows line, too.ASSISTANT: OK. But there are many versions of Windows line. Now Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10 and Windows Vista are common ones. RICHARD: Is Windows 10 the latest versi

38、on?ASSISTANT: Yes, Windows 10 is the latest, but Windows 7 is also popular with users. RICHARD: Then Id like to take Windows 10. I think the later released, the easier to use.ASSISTANT: There is something in what you said.RICHARD: But even if it is very easy, I dont know how to use it now.ASSISTANT:

39、 You can refer to a book on Windows 10. I am sure you will be familiar with it after practice.RICHARD: Really? Now I cant wait to study it.ASSISTANT: Then this way, please. 計算機專業英語 Chapter 2Contents2.2 Application software2.1 System software計算機專業英語 Chapter 22.1 System Software Introduction to system

40、 software Operating system計算機專業英語 Chapter 22.1 System Software Do you know the main kinds of system software? What are they? Could you list some commonly used utility programs? What are the three types of language translators? 計算機專業英語 Chapter 22.1 System Software Do you know the main kinds of system

41、 software? What are they?System software is made up of four kinds of programs: operating system, utilities, device drivers and language translators. 計算機專業英語 Chapter 22.1 System Software Could you list some commonly used utility programs?.The following are the commonly used utilities: Backup program

42、,File compression program ,Antivirus, Disk defragmenter, Uninstall program, File recovery program. 計算機專業英語 Chapter 22.1 System Software What are the three types of language translators?The three types of language translators are: assembler, compiler and interpreter. 計算機專業英語 Chapter 22.1 System Softw

43、are 1There are many operating systems, among which the most widely used are: DOS, Windows, Mac OS, Unix, and Linux.Which 引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞operating systems。among是介詞，which在定語從句中作among的賓語。譯文：現在有很多種操作系統，應用最廣泛的有DOS, Windows, Mac OS, Unix, 和 Linux。 計算機專業英語 Chapter 22.1 System Software 2Backup programs are

44、 designed to copy files selected in case the original ones are lost or damaged when there is a disk failure.Selected是過去分詞后置作定語，修飾files。in case引導的是條件狀語從句。when there is a disk failure是條件狀語從句中的時間狀語從句。主句為Backup programs are designed to copy files selected。譯文：備份軟件是為了防止原始文件在磁盤損壞時丟失或受損而對文件進行拷貝的軟件。 計算機專業英語

45、Chapter 22.1 System Software 3A device driver translates commands from the operating system or user into commands understood by the device it interfaces with.主句的結構為translate sth. into sth.。from the operating system or user修飾commands。understood by the device it interfaces with是過去分詞短語后置作定語，修飾它前面的comma

46、nds。it interfaces with是定語從句，修飾先行詞the device。譯文：設備驅動程序將操作系統或用戶的命令翻譯成它所連接的設備能夠理解的命令。 計算機專業英語 Chapter 22.1 System Software How many products do Windows 2000 line operating systems have?Windows 2000 line operating systems consist of four separate products. They are: Windows 2000 Professional, Windows 20

47、00 Server, Windows 2000 Advanced Server and Windows 2000 Datacenter Server. 計算機專業英語 Chapter 22.1 System Software Apart from the fact that it is freely distributed, Linuxs functionality, adaptability and robustness have made it the main alternative for Unix and Microsoft operating systems.that it is

48、freely distributed作the fact的同位語從句。It為代詞，作賓語，代Linux。the main alternative作it這個賓語的補足語。譯文：它不僅免費發布，而且它的功能性、適應性和強韌度都使它成為Unix和微軟操作系統的主要替代品。 計算機專業英語 Chapter 22.2 Application Software Introduction to application software Word processors Spreadsheets Presentation graphics 計算機專業英語 Chapter 22.2 Application Soft

49、ware What are main functions of Word processors? How many types of paragraph alignment? Please list them. What do people employ presentation graphic software to do? Do you know how to show slides? 計算機專業英語 Chapter 22.2 Application Software What are main functions of Word processors? Word processors a

50、llow people to create many types of personal and business communications, including reports, announcements, letters, memos, manuscripts, as well as other forms of written documents. People can create, edit, save, and print them. Word processors are one of the most flexible and widely used applicatio

51、n software tools. 計算機專業英語 Chapter 22.2 Application Software How many types of paragraph alignment? Please list them. There are five types of paragraph alignment: justified, centered, left, right and distributed. 計算機專業英語 Chapter 22.2 Application Software What do people employ presentation graphic sof

52、tware to do? Many people employ presentation graphic software to make their report, give their lectures, present their information, and so on. 計算機專業英語 Chapter 22.2 Application Software Do you know how to show slides? When we want to display slides, click “View” on the menu bar. We can choose “Slide

53、Show” or “Slide Sorter”. We can use the normal view and outline view. 計算機專業英語 Chapter 22.2 Application Software The Undelete command means that after we delete a block of text, we change our mind and restore what we delete.that after we delete a block of text, we change our mind and restore what we

54、delete從句作means的賓語。after we delete a block of text是賓語從句中的時間狀語從句。what we delete是what引導的名詞性從句，作restore的賓語。譯文：撤消刪除命令指的是在我們刪除了文本的一塊內容之后，又改變注意，恢復刪除。計算機專業英語 Chapter 2The problem is solved!Two days later, Richard met his friend John. He was very excited and told John what he learned about some application s

55、oftware. John: Hi, Richard. How is everything going with you?Richard: Everything is terrific. John, you know I bought a new computer and I really know omething about how to use it.John: Then tell me what you know now.Richard: I know how to create and edit (創建和編輯文檔) using Microsoft Word. This softwar

56、e is miraculous. It has spelling and grammar checkers (拼寫和語法檢查) and can correct my mistakes automatically. Whats more, I can delete (刪除) what dont want, but if I change my mind, it can undelete (撤消刪除) and what I want appears again. Thats really convenient. In addition, it has the features of copy an

57、d paste (粘貼和復制). 計算機專業英語 Chapter 2The problem is solved! John: Great! John. You know so much now. In fact, Microsoft Word has many other features. For example, we can search and replace(查找和替換) any word in a document; we can change typeface, font size and font style (字體、字 號和字型); we can even format (格

58、式化) paragraphs. Richard: It seems there is still a lot for me to learn. John: Im not familiar with some features, either. You know I have been using computers for a long time. By the way, have you used Microsoft Excel?Richard: I have just browsed it. I know people use it to organize, analyze numeric

59、 data and create graphs (創建圖表).John: Yeah. Its also easy to learn. You will find its very useful, too.Richard: I will use it soon. If I have any problem, can you help me?John: Of course.Programming Language Reading Chapter 3What can I do?The problem is solved!計算機專業英語What can I do?Background: Richard

60、 got very good grades for all the courses after the mid-term exam. However, he heard that there would be a course about programming language next term, and it was not easy to learn. Richard wanted to do some preparations but had no idea where to start. He came to his teacher Mr. Liu for help. RICHAR