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1、事故預防標志和標簽1學習目標Learning Objectives成功完成本次培訓后,參與者應該能:Upon successful completion of training, each participant should be able to:通過顏色、形狀、象形符號和/或警告詞來識別事故預防標志和標簽Identify accident prevention signs and tags by color, shape, pictograph and/or signal word說明危害存在的種類和級別Describe what hazard is present and what le

2、vel of hazards exists使用標志和標簽表示個人防護措施 Describe precautions to take for personal protection as indicated by the signs and tags2介紹Introduction在此模塊中我們將討論事故預防標志和標簽。預防傷害發生的一個最簡單方法就是辨認并遵守標志和標簽所表達的信息。了解標志和標簽是維護我們安全與健康的關鍵。In this module we will discuss accident prevention signs and tags. One of the easiest w

3、ays to prevent injuries is to read and obey signs and tags. Understanding these signs and tags is key to maintaining our safety and health.3標簽Tags當員工接觸到非常規、難以預料或不明顯的危害或具有潛在危害的環境、設備或操作時,標簽是一種預防員工傷害或疾病的方法。在消除被識別的危害或完成危險操作之前,應始終使用這些標簽。當使用標志、防護裝置或其他有效保護措施時,則無須再使用這些標簽。 Tags shall be used as a means to pr

4、event accidental injury or illness to employees who are exposed to hazardous or potentially hazardous conditions, equipment, or operations, which are out of the ordinary, unexpected or not readily apparent. Tags shall be used until such time as the identified hazard is eliminated or the hazardous op

5、eration is completed. Tags need not be used where signs, guarding or other positive means of protection are being used. 4危險顏色Hazard Colors紅色標志或標簽表示直接危害并要采取特殊預防措施。 Red signs or tags indicate immediate danger and special precautions are necessary. 橙色標志或標簽表示不足以構成直接危害,但必須小心提防。 Orange signs or tags indic

6、ate a hazard less than danger, but greater than caution. 5危險顏色Hazard Colors續前Continuing黃色標志或標簽僅用于警告潛在危險或提醒不安全行為。 Yellow signs or tags are used only to warn against potential hazards or to caution against unsafe practices.綠色安全說明標志或藍色通告標志用于有關安全措施的一般說明和建議。Green safety instructions signs or Blue notice

7、signs are used for general instructions and suggestions relative to safety measures.6危險程度Degree of Hazards危險 = 直接險并需要采取特殊的預防措施Danger = immediate danger and special precautions are necessary以下是我們剛才所討論的顏色所表示危害程度的示例。最高程度的警告為紅色危害標志或標簽。表示直接危害,應采取特殊預防措施來確保您的安全。Below are some examples of the degrees of haz

8、ards associated with the colors we just discussed. The highest degree of warning is the red danger sign or tag. It means there is an immediate danger and you should take special precautions to insure your safety.7危險程度Degree of Hazards續前Continuing記住此標志最好方法是:如果不注意此標志,danger(危險)中的字母“D”就意味著 death(死亡)或 d

9、isability(傷殘)。 A good way to remember the extreme nature of this type of sign or tag is: The “D” in danger could mean death or disability if you dont pay attention to the sign. 8危險程度Degree of Hazards續前Continuing.如果在此標志附近進行動火作業(涉及火源的作業),必須采取特殊預防措施。請務必小心謹慎并采取預措施,否則您沒有機會再次討論。在培訓中您會看到幾種危險標志和標簽的示例。請注意,您可

10、能在現場見到這些標志/標簽。Special precautions should be taken if any hot work (work involving an ignition source) needs to be performed near this sign. Pay close attention and take precautions or you may not be here to talk about it later. You will see examples of several danger signs and tags throughout this t

11、raining. Please note you may see them throughout your site as well.9危險程度Degree of Hazards警告 = 危害級別介于“危險”和“注意” Warning = a hazard level between “Danger” and “Caution”橙色警告標志或標簽介于在“危險”與“注意”之間。無論何時看到這類標志或標簽,必須采取特殊的預防措施,否則可能會導致嚴重的傷害。 The next lower degree of hazard falls between Danger and Caution. It is

12、 an orange Warning sign or tag. Whenever you see these signs or tags you must take special precautions or serious injury could result. 10危險程度Degree of Hazards此種顏色標志也用于警告健康危害或生物危害的。對生物危害性或生物危害警告用于表示實際的或潛在的生物危害,并用于識別含有活性危害源或被此類物質污染的設備、容器、物料或實驗性動物。The color of this sign is also used to warn of a biolog

13、ical health hazard or BIOHAZARD. The biological hazard or BIOHAZARD warning shall be used to signify the actual or potential presences of a biohazard and to identify equipment, container rooms, materials, experimental animals, or combinations thereof, which contain, or are contaminated with viable h

14、azardous agents.11危險程度Degree of Hazards注意 = 可能存在危險,并應當采取適當的預防措施Caution = a possible hazard and proper precautions should be taken程度較低的警告為黃色“注意”標志。它表示潛在受傷的危險,應當采取預防措施。此標志與您在公路上看到的“前方有落石”標志性質相似。它并不表示一定會有落石,但可能由于您運氣不佳,駛過此處時剛好有一塊落石砸在您的新車上。 The next degree of warning is the yellow Caution sign. It indica

15、tes the possibility that you could be injured and you should take precautions. This sign is like the yellow “Falling Rocks” sign you see on the highway. It doesnt mean rocks are falling all the time, but just your luck, as you drive by, one will fall on your new car. 12危險程度Degree of Hazards續前Continu

16、ing本幻燈片上的示例表示:路面濕滑,行走時請務必小心。The example shown on the slide indicates you should take care while walking, because the surface could become slippery if it is wet.13危險程度Degree of Hazards綠色 = 安全說明標志Green = safety instruction sign通告 = 一般信息Notice = general information最后一個類別是安全說明標志或標簽。這些標志或標簽的本質是用來提供信息。不會警

17、告您潛在的危險,而是提供安全的做法。 The last category is the safety instruction sign or tag. These signs or tags are informational in nature. You arent being warned of a specific potential hazard, but rather safe practices. 14危險程度Degree of Hazards圖示綠色標志表示洗眼器所在位置以備緊急情況下使用。另外一個示例是通告標志,它提醒我們不要堵塞通道,否則在發生火災時,導致撤離人員摔倒或沒有足

18、夠的逃生空間。The green sign indicates where an eye wash station is located in case of emergency. The other example is a notice sign reminding us not to block doorways which could cause falls or prevent adequate escape during a fire.綠色 = 安全說明標志Green = safety instruction sign通告 = 一般信息Notice = general inform

19、ation15危害程度Degree of Hazards我們討論的所有標簽都是用于識別非常規、難以預料或不明顯的危害環境、設備或操作的臨時手段。在排除已被識別的危險或完成危險操作之前,要始終使用這些標簽。標簽應盡可能布置在其指示對象的附近,并采用扎帶、鐵絲或粘合劑等有效手段來防止丟失或遭意外拆除,以盡可能確保其安全牢固。For all of the tags weve discussed, they are used as a temporary means of identifying hazardous conditions, equipment or operations which a

20、re out of the ordinary, unexpected or not readily apparent. Tags are to be used until such time as the identified hazard is eliminated or the hazardous operation is completed. Tags should be affixed as close to and as safe as possible to their respective hazards by a positive means such as string, w

21、ire, or adhesive that prevents their loss or unintentional removal.16危險物料分類Hazardous Materials Classification系統將危害分為以下三個類別:健康、燃燒性和不穩定性。每種類別的嚴重程度由數字從零(代表最小危險)到四(代表嚴重危險)來表示。The system identifies the hazards of a material in terms of the following three principal categories: Health, Flammability, and I

22、nstability. For each category the degree of severity is rated by numbers ranging from zero, indicating minimal hazard, to four, indicating severe hazard.17危險物料分類Hazardous Materials Classification213W火災危險閃點4 73 o F 以下3 100 o F 以下2 200 o F 以下1 200 o F 以上0 不會燃燒反應性4 可能爆炸3 撞擊或遇熱可能爆炸2 劇烈化學變化1 遇熱不穩定0 穩定特殊危

23、險氧化劑 OXI 酸ACID堿ALK腐蝕劑COR不可用水W放射性危險健康危險4 致命3 極度危險2 危險1 輕微危險0 普通物料紅色Red黃色Yellow白色White藍色Blue這些信息由一組空間排列的數字等級來表示,健康位于左側,易燃性位于上方,不穩定性位于右側。 The information shall be presented by a spatial arrangement of numerical ratings, with the health rating always at the left position, the flammability rating always

24、at the top position, and the instability rating always at the right position. 18危險物料分類Hazardous Materials Classification為每個等級都指定了顏色:藍色表示健康危害,紅色表示易燃危害,黃色表示不穩定性危險。底部第四個菱形表示特殊危險。此部分沒有相關的特定顏色。Each rating is assigned a color: Blue for health hazard, Red for flammability hazard, and Yellow for instability

25、 hazard. The fourth quadrant, at the bottom position, indicates special hazards. No special color is associated with this quadrant.健康危險4 致命3 極度危險2 危險1 輕微危險0 普通物料213W火災危險閃點4 73 o F 以下3 100 o F 以下2 200 o F 以下1 200 o F 以上0 不會燃燒反應性4 可能爆炸3 撞擊或遇熱可能爆炸2 劇烈化學變化1 遇熱不穩定0 穩定特殊危險氧化劑 OXI 酸ACID堿ALK腐蝕劑COR不可用水W放射性危險

26、健康危險4 致命3 極度危險2 危險1 輕微危險0 普通物料紅色Red黃色Yellow白色White藍色Blue19危險物料分類Hazardous Materials Classification藍色表示健康危害。Blue for health hazard.3健康危險4 致命3 極度危險 2 危險1 輕微危險0 普通物料藍色Blue20危險物料分類Hazardous Materials Classification紅色表示易燃危害。Red for flammability hazard.2火災危險閃點4 73 o F以下3 100 o F 以下2 200 o F 以下1 200 o F 以上

27、0 不會燃燒 紅色Red溫度轉換:21危險物料分類Hazardous Materials Classification黃色表示不穩定危害。Yellow for instability hazard.1反應性4 可能爆炸3 撞擊或遇熱可能爆炸2 劇烈化學變化1 遇熱不穩定0 穩定黃色Yellow22危險物料分類Hazardous Materials Classification底部第四個菱形表示特殊危險。此部分沒有相關的特定顏色。如圖所示,用中間帶有水平線的字母“W”表示會與水發生劇烈反應或爆炸(即水反應性等級為 2 或 3)的物料。具有氧化性質的物料使用“OX”表示。The fourth qu

28、adrant, at the bottom position, indicates special hazards. No special color is associated with this quadrant. Materials that react violently or explosively with water (i.e., water reactivity rating 2 or 3) are identified by the letter “W” with a horizontal line through the center as shown. Materials

29、 that possess oxidizing properties shall be identified by the letters “OX.”W特殊危險氧化劑OXI 酸 ACID堿 ALK腐蝕劑 COR不可用水 W放射性危險白色White23象形符號Pictographs其他的信息標志還包括象形符號。隨著我們國際業務進一步的擴展,象形符號正在取代文字標志,以省去語言翻譯的麻煩。例如大家在本頁中看到的“嚴禁明火”標志示例:紅色圓圈外加一條橫線。Other informational signs may include a pictograph. As we expand to inclu

30、de more international trade, pictographs are replacing words to eliminate the need for language translations. Examples include the universal red circle with the line through it like the no open flame sign we see here.嚴禁明火No Open Flame24象形符號Pictographs其他象形符號還包括公共建筑、衛生間和停車場的殘障標志。甚至連鋼瓶氣體危害標簽都以象形符號表示,而無須再重新印制每個語種的危害指示

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