1、關(guān)于英語語法詞性和句子成分第一張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 一、詞性的分類 第二張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一、詞性的分類詞類又叫詞性（part of speech），英語單詞根據(jù)其在句子中的功用，可以分十個大類。 1 名詞 noun n. 2 代詞 pronoun pron. 3 形容詞 adjective adj. 4 副詞 adverb adv. 5 動詞 verb v. 6 數(shù)詞 numeral num. 7 冠詞 article art. 8 介詞 preposition prep. 9 連詞 conjunction conj. 10 感嘆詞 interj

2、ection interj.第三張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月其他詞性縮寫c = 可數(shù)名詞，countable noun的縮寫 u = 不可數(shù)名詞，uncountable noun的縮寫pl = 復(fù)數(shù)，plural的縮寫 vi = 不及物動詞，intransitive verb的縮寫 vt = 及物動詞，transitive verb的縮寫第四張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月you 你happy 高興的 three 三 quickly 迅速地 student 學(xué)生 cut 砍、割 a 一個 at 在. and 和 oh 哦pron. adj. num. adv. n. v

3、. art. prep. conj. interj. (感嘆詞)Ex. Write down the part of speech of the following words:第五張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月十大詞類名詞-表示人或事物的名稱形容詞-表示人或事物的特征副詞-修飾動詞、形容詞、或其他副詞動詞-表示動作或狀態(tài)代詞-代替名詞、數(shù)詞數(shù)詞-表示數(shù)量或順序冠詞-限制名詞的意義介詞-表示名詞、代詞和其他詞的關(guān)系連詞-連接詞與詞或句與句第六張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 二、英語句子成分 第七張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（一）主語：一個句子所敘述的主體，

4、表示句子所說的是：“什么人”或“什么事物”1. We often speak English in class.2. Smoking does harm to the health. 3. The rich should help the poor.4. It is necessary to master a foreign language.主語的位置是？1.一般位于句首或謂語之前。第八張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Is your father a lawyer or a doctor ? Has she got a big flat ?Shall we have a swim

5、with your friends ?2. 疑問句的主語在系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后 Sit down, please. Come in, please.3. 祈使句中主語常省略第九張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 Gone are the days when farmers live in the poor houses. No sooner had she given him a welcome than she went in to prepare him a meal. Only in this way can we solve the problem.There is a

6、 clock on the wall.Once there lived a king called Lear.There goes the bell!倒裝句的主語在系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后There be結(jié)構(gòu)中主語在be動詞之后第十張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（動名詞）（從句）1. One-third is produced. 2. Running does good to the health.3. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.4. During the

7、 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.5. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.6. The rich should help the poor.7. It is necessary to master a foreign language.8. We often speak English in class.（不定式）（名詞化的形容詞）（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）第十一張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1. Honest is a f

8、ine quality of human beings and therefore we should not tell lies.2. Help others is to help ourselves.3. Do a lot of housework day and night made Catherine become weaker and weaker.4. Liuxiang got the first place in the 2004 Olympic Games shocked people all over the world.5. In my opinion, visit uni

9、versities is just a popular culture.單句改錯（只有一處錯誤）。 第十二張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（二）謂語：1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。He practices running every morning.She takes good care of her sick mother.2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形。He can speak French very fluently.She doesnt seem to like dancing.（2）系動詞+表語。The film is interesting.He loo

10、ked a bit excited.第十三張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6. It is warm here all the year round because Guangzhou located in the middle of Guangdong province.7. To get prepared for the Asian Games, Guangzhou built 82 sports courts so far.8. It not only have a lot of high-rise building, but is also famous for the sc

11、enic spots.9. Can it attracts the tourists from home and abroad?單句改錯（只有一處錯誤）。 第十四張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（三）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承受者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday.2. Please take them to the waiting room.3. I have three.4. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5. He pret

12、ended not to see me.6. Mary enjoys playing the piano.7. I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（名詞化形容詞）（不定式短語）（動名詞短語）（從句）第十五張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語） Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補） They elected him their monitor. We consider the answer wrong. 第十六張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于

13、2022年6月（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞之后。1. Yang Liwei is an astronaut.2. Thats all I want to tell you.3. Three times four is twelve.4. The weather has turned warm.5. The speech is exciting and the students are excited.6. His hobby is playing football.7. My job is to teach English.8. Our teacher is

14、nt in. He is out.9. He is in good health.10. The truth is that he has never been abroad.第十七張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月系動詞：描述穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)：be描述變化或結(jié)果：get, become, turn, grow, go, prove, fall描述表象或感官效果：look, appear, seem, smell, taste, sound, feel,描述持續(xù)狀態(tài)：keep, stay, remain, 第十八張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（五）定語：起修飾作用，翻譯成“的”1.

15、 He is a clever boy.2. Your hair needs cutting.3. Theres only one way to do it.4. There is a baby girl.5. We can not use sleeping pills at random.6. The retired worker find life boring.7. Thats the way to do it.8. This is a map of China.9. Can you help me to clean the room above.10. The car thats pa

16、rked outside is mine. 第十九張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月狀語(副詞)的位置：1. She speaks French fluently.2. I usually eat breakfast at home.3. You neednt always help me.4. He is always complaining.5. The local people are very kind to the visitors.6. The room is big enough to hold 80 people.7. He never studies. Instead

17、, he plays all day.謂語(+賓語)后頻度副詞位于被修飾動詞前，be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后。被修飾詞前(enough特殊)修飾全句或起連接作用的副詞放在句首（六）狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子第二十張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1. How about meeting again at six?2. Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3. I shall go there if it doesnt rain.4. Mr. Smith lives on the th

18、ird floor.5. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. （時間狀語） （原因狀語） （條件狀語） （地點狀語） （方式狀語）狀語的種類：第二十一張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6. She came in with a dictionary in her hand.7. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.8. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.9. She works ver

19、y hard though she is old.10. I am taller than he is.（伴隨狀語） （目的狀語） （結(jié)果狀語） （讓步狀語） （比較狀語）第二十二張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（七）補足語：賓語補足語: 補充說明賓語，使句意完整。1. His father named him Dongming.2. They painted their boat white.3. Please let him in.4. The teacher advised the students to have a rest.5. I see her entering a

20、supermarket.6. He just had his hair cut. 第二十三張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月劃分句子成份1. The machine runs smoothly.2. Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever.3. They have set up a network of financial advice centre.4. Mr. Chen, the director of Grade 3, is known for his humor.5. The man went to the shop with al

21、l the money he had.第二十四張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月6. He left here at six in the morning in order to catch the plane. 7. Our English teacher, Ms Wang, is very kind to us. 8. To our surprise, he has changed greatly. 9. It is not a good idea to drive for four hours without a break. 10. She was the second to

22、enter the reading room.第二十五張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 11. His hair has turned gray, and lines have appeared on his face. 12. She is looking into the box. 13. Mr. Wu told us a funny story yesterday. 14. He bought me a pen. 15. We made him our monitor. 16. He asked me to help him out of the debt. 第二十六張，PPT

23、共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 三、句子類型 按結(jié)構(gòu)分1、簡單句2、并列句3、復(fù)合句第二十七張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月簡單句: 由一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）構(gòu)成的句子。即一套主謂關(guān)系。All roads lead to Rome.1、一個主語和一個謂語動詞The teacher and the children are playing.2、并列主語和一個謂語動詞He got up, dressed quickly, washed himself and went out.3、一個主語和并列謂語Tom and Mary came and gave me a present.4、并列主語和并列謂語第二十八張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月I . 簡單句的五種基本句型1、主語+不及物動詞：We work.2、主語+系動詞+表語：He is a student.3、主語+及物動詞+賓語：4、主語+及物動詞+雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語)5、主語+及物動詞+復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補)第二十九張，PPT共三十三頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月判斷下列簡單句的類型(1) The problem is hard to solve.(2) The pen writes smoothly.(3) I showe