1、新概念英語(yǔ)2130課文詳解新概念第一冊(cè)21-22 課文詳解及練習(xí)答案 課文詳注 Further notes on the text 1Give me a book please, Jane.請(qǐng)拿本書給我，簡(jiǎn)。這是一個(gè)祈使句。祈使句表示請(qǐng)求或命令。（請(qǐng)參見Lessons 1314語(yǔ)法部分的說明。）表示客氣的請(qǐng)求時(shí)，通常加please。2Which book? 哪一本？是Which book do you want?的省略形式。下文中的This one? 是Do you want this one?的省略形式。No, not that one是No, I do not want that one的

2、省略形式。口語(yǔ)中常用這樣的省略句。3This one?是這本嗎？相當(dāng)于：Do you want this one? one是不定代詞，代替 a book，以避免重復(fù)。one的復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones。one和ones前面都可用定冠詞，也可有自己的定語(yǔ)。4數(shù)字1，010，1，011，1，016的英文寫法1，010-a thousand and ten; 1，011-a thousand and eleven; 1，016-a thousand and sixteen語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use1人稱代詞代詞，顧名思義，就是用來代替名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)的詞，在已經(jīng)知道所指的是誰或什么的情況下使用，以免行

3、文重復(fù)。人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。在陳述句中，主格代詞差不多總是位于動(dòng)詞之前。賓格代詞可代替處于賓語(yǔ)位置上的名詞，它們可以作直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。Give me/him/her/us/them a book. 給我/他/她/我們/他（她）們一本書。（賓格代詞）2which引導(dǎo)的非凡疑問句（請(qǐng)參見Lessons 56中語(yǔ)法部分的說明。）用which +名詞可詢問物體（單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)）或物質(zhì)。which總是說明一種限定的、特指的選擇。如：Which book/books do you prefer? 你喜歡哪本哪些書？Which car do you like best? 你最喜歡哪種汽車？詞匯學(xué)習(xí) W

4、ord study1large與big（1）large僅指物理量值的大，是small的反義詞。large主要指體積、面積、外形、數(shù)量方面的大，修飾人時(shí)指?jìng)€(gè)子大。如：China is a large country. 中國(guó)是一個(gè)幅員遼闊的國(guó)家。Look at that large woman in white. 瞧那個(gè)身穿白色衣服、個(gè)子高大的女人。（2）big所表示的大，主要指不僅體積大而且很重。所以a large box未必big。big在修飾人時(shí)，主要指大人物，但個(gè)子未必高大。如：It is a big house. 這是一所大房子。（此句指不僅體積大，而且給人深刻的或堅(jiān)固的印象。）Shes

5、 very big in the filmdom. 她在電影界中是個(gè)響當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)娜宋铩＃ù司渲覆粌H成功，且具有很大的影響力。）2small與little（1）small指物理量值的小或少，是large的反義詞，不帶什么感情色彩。如：It is a small factory. 這是一個(gè)小新概念。I want the small one with the yellow handle. 我想要帶新概念把手的那個(gè)小的。（2）little也表示小或少，但有小而可愛的感情色彩，是big的反義詞。如：There is a little garden behind our house. 我們的屋后有個(gè)小花園。（

6、此句表示花園雖小，但很可愛。）She has the sweetest little smiles. 她的微笑十分甜蜜可愛。練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercisesLesson 22A1 Is this Nicolas coat? No, its not. Her coat is grey.2 Are these your pens? No, theyre not. My pens are blue.3 Is this Mr. Jacksons hat? No, its not. His hat is black.4 Are these the childrens books

7、? No, theyre not. Their books are red.5 Is this Helens dog? No, its not. Her dog is brown and white.6 Is this your fathers tie? No, its not. His tie is orange.B1 Give me a cup please.Which one? This dirty one?No, not this dirty one. That clean one.Here you are.Thank you.2 Give me a glass please.Whic

8、h one? This empty one?No, not this empty one. That full one.Here you are.Thank you.3 Give me a bottle please.Which one? This large one?No, not this large one. That small one.Here you are.Thank you.4 Give me a box please.Which one? This big one?No, not this big one. That little one.Here you are.Thank

9、 you.5 Give me a tin please.Which one? This new one?No, not this new one. That old one.Here you are.Thank you.6 Give me a knife please.Which one? This sharp one?No, not this sharp one. That blunt one.Here you are.Thank you.7 Give me a spoon please.Which one? This new one?No, not this new one. That o

10、ld one.Here you are.Thank you.8 Give me a fork please.Which one? This large one?No, not this large one. That small one.Here you are.Thank you.新概念第一冊(cè)23-24 課文詳解及練習(xí)答案課文詳注 Further notes on the text 1動(dòng)詞的雙賓語(yǔ)在Give me some glasses中，動(dòng)詞give后面有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即直接賓語(yǔ)some glasses和間接賓語(yǔ)me。人稱代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要用人稱代詞的賓格。請(qǐng)參見Lessons 2122語(yǔ)法部分

11、。2The ones on the shelf.是架子上的那幾只。本句是省略句，句首省略了I want。句中的ones代表glasses。on the shelf是介詞短語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)，修飾ones。3These?這幾只？是Do you want these?的省略形式。4Yes, please.是的，請(qǐng)拿給我。當(dāng)別人問你要不要某物而你同意要時(shí)，就可用這句話。假如你不同意要，則應(yīng)說：No, thank you. 不，謝謝。5數(shù)字1，117，1，420，1，925，2，000的英文寫法1，117-one thousand one hundred and seventeen; 1，420-one th

12、ousand four hundred and twenty1，925-one thousand nine hundred and twenty-five; 2，000-two thousand語(yǔ)法 Grammar in useon引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)（1）我們經(jīng)常在名詞、名詞短語(yǔ)、代詞或動(dòng)名詞前面用介詞表示人物、事件等與其他人物、事件等之間的各種關(guān)系，如空間關(guān)系、時(shí)間關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系等。介詞始終帶有賓語(yǔ)。即使介詞與賓語(yǔ)分開時(shí)，這種關(guān)系仍必定存在。有許多固定的介詞短語(yǔ)常可見到。許多介詞短語(yǔ)是由介詞+名詞（+介詞）構(gòu)成的，如：on time（準(zhǔn)時(shí)），in the middle of（在中間）。（2）當(dāng)我

13、們從不同的角度看空間中的位置時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)我們想要表達(dá)的意思來選擇介詞。想表示在一個(gè)表面（即看來是平面）上面時(shí)，就可用介詞on：the pens on the desk桌上的鋼筆 the boxes on the floor地板上的盒子the bottles on the dressing table梳妝臺(tái)上的瓶子 the magazines on the bed床上的雜志詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study desk與table在漢語(yǔ)中，這兩個(gè)詞都被稱為“桌子”，而在英語(yǔ)中，它們?nèi)允怯兴鶇^(qū)別的。（1）desk通常指有抽屜的桌子，用于辦公、讀書、寫字等，即“書桌”、“寫字臺(tái)”、“辦公桌”：He is w

14、orking at his desk. 他正在自己的書桌前用功。I put it on his desk. 我把它放在他的辦公桌上了。（2）table通常指由若干條腿支撐著的平板，沒有抽屜，即“餐桌”、“會(huì)議桌”、“工作臺(tái)”、“手術(shù)臺(tái)”等：Ive booked a table for two at 7.00. 我預(yù)訂了一張兩人桌，是在7點(diǎn)鐘。They sat round the table and made this big decision. 他們圍坐在會(huì)議桌旁，作出了這個(gè)重大的決定。練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercisesLesson 24A1 Give Jane thi

15、s watch. Give her this one, too.2 Give the children these ice creams. Give them these, too.3 Give Tom this book. Give him this one, too.4 That is my passport. Give me my passport please.5 That is my coat. Give me my coat please.6 Those are our umbrellas. Give us our umbrellas please.B1 Give me some

16、pens please. Which ones? These? No, not those. The ones on the desk.2 Give me some ties please. Which ones? These? No, not those. The ones on the chair.3 Give me some spoons please. Which ones? These? No, not those. The ones on the table.4 Give me some plates please. Which ones? These? No, not those

17、. The ones on the cupboard.5 Give me some cigarettes please. Which ones? These? No, not those. The ones on the television.6 Give me some boxes please. Which ones? These? No, not those. The ones on the floor.7 Give me some bottles please. Which ones? These? No, not those. The ones on the dressing tab

18、le.8 Give me some books please. Which ones? These? No, not those. The ones on the shelf.9 Give me some magazines please. Which ones? These? No, not those. The ones on the bed.10 Give me some newspapers please. Which ones? These? No, not those. The ones on the stereo.新概念第一冊(cè)25-26 課文詳解及練習(xí)答案 1冠詞課文中refri

19、gerator一詞出現(xiàn)了兩次，它前面分別用了兩種不同的冠詞：a（不定冠詞）和the（定冠詞）。第1次提到時(shí)用不定冠詞a。（請(qǐng)參見Lessons56語(yǔ)法部分。）第2次時(shí)就不再是泛指任何一個(gè)，而是特指所指的那個(gè)了，因此要用定冠詞the。（請(qǐng)參見本課語(yǔ)法部分的說明。）2數(shù)字3，000，5，000，10，000的英文寫法3，000-three thousand; 5，000-five thousand; 10，000-ten thousand語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use1定冠詞the（1）定冠詞the不論指人還是指物、單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，其形式都不變。（2）the的發(fā)音：the在輔音前讀/J+/，如：

20、the floor, the table, the bed, the desk; the在元音（即一般前面用an的詞的首字母）之前發(fā)/J!:;:/,如the engineer, the ice cream, the old man, the open window。當(dāng)我們想使聽話者非凡注重the后面的名詞時(shí)，the就讀為/J!:/，意思是“這一個(gè)而且只是這一個(gè)”或“主要是這一個(gè)”。（3）the的基本用法：A the通常有明確的所指（即以說話人或聽話人已知的人或物為前提）；B the可與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞（總是單數(shù)形式）連用。2where引導(dǎo)的非凡疑問句where用來詢問地點(diǎn)

21、（或是確切的情況，或是一般的情況）。對(duì)where疑問句的回答可以是整句、短語(yǔ)或單個(gè)的詞。如：Where is the refrigerator? 冰箱在哪里？ On the right./Its on the right. 在右邊。詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study1cup n.（1）杯子（一般帶柄，用于盛熱飲料，如茶或咖啡）：I have a beautiful set of tea cups. 我有一套漂亮的茶杯。Id like a cup of tea. 我想喝一杯茶。（2）一杯飲料；一杯咖啡：Would you like another cup? 你要再來一杯嗎？You can get a

22、 good cup at Lucy s Caf. 你能在露西咖啡館喝到一杯上好的咖啡。2glass n.（1）玻璃杯或有腳的玻璃杯：Give me a glass of water, please. 請(qǐng)給我一杯水。Theres a clean wine glass on the table. 桌上有一只干凈的酒杯。（2）杯中物；酒：He has had a glass too much. 他多喝了一杯（或喝醉了）。Id like to enjoy a glass now and then. 我喜歡不時(shí)喝點(diǎn)酒。練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercisesLesson 26A1 Gi

23、ve me a glass. Which glass? The empty one.2 Give me some cups. Which cups? The cups on the table.3 Is there a book on the table? Yes, there is. Is the book red?4 Is there a knife in that box? Yes, there is. Is the knife sharp?B1 Theres a cup on the table. The cup is clean.2 Theres a box on the floor

24、. The box is large.3 Theres a a glass in the cupboard. The glass is empty.4 Theres a knife on the plate. The knife is sharp.5 Theres a fork on the tin. The fork is dirty.6 Theres a bottle in the refrigerator. The bottle is full.7 Theres a pencil on the desk. The pencil is blunt.新概念第一冊(cè)27-28 課文詳解及練習(xí)答案

25、課文詳注 Further notes on the text 1Where are they?它們?cè)谀睦铮烤渲衪hey指圖中的那些東西。（可參見Lessons 2526語(yǔ)法部分。）2數(shù)字9，999與10，001的英文寫法9，999-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine; 10，001-ten thousand and one語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use1therebe結(jié)構(gòu)（2）（1）therebe結(jié)構(gòu)變成疑問句時(shí)，只需將動(dòng)詞be和there互換位置，句子其余部分不變。如：Is there a dirty fork on the plate?

26、 碟子上有一個(gè)臟的叉子嗎？Is there a full bottle in the cupboard? 櫥柜里有一瓶酒嗎？Are there any ties on the floor? 地上有一些領(lǐng)帶嗎？Are there any newspapers on the shelf? 架子上有些報(bào)紙嗎？（2）therebe結(jié)構(gòu)變成否定句時(shí)，需在動(dòng)詞be后加not（any）或no。如：No, there is not a fork on the plate. 沒有，碟子上沒有叉子。No, there isnt one in the cupboard. 沒有，櫥柜里一個(gè)也沒有。No, there

27、arent any ties on the floor. 沒有，地板上沒有任何領(lǐng)帶。No, there are no newspapers on the shelf. 沒有，架子上沒有任何報(bào)紙。2some和any的用法在英語(yǔ)中，some和any是兩個(gè)最常用的數(shù)量詞。用some和any時(shí)，一般不必精確地說明數(shù)量到底有多么大或多么小。它們的作用經(jīng)常像是a/an的復(fù)數(shù)。（1）some（表示確定的數(shù)量）表示“某些但不是全部”的意思，通常用于肯定句中。在疑問句中，所希望的回答是Yes時(shí)也可使用some。如：There is some water in the glass. 玻璃杯里有些水。There a

28、re some cigarettes in the box. 盒子里有些雪茄。Have you got some paper-clips in that box? 你那只盒子里有一些回形針吧？（我知道或我認(rèn)為你有一些，故希望你會(huì)說“有”。）some加可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，在流暢的話語(yǔ)中一般不重讀，而念為/s+m/。（2）any（表示不確定的數(shù)量）通常用在含有not或-nt的否定句中，也用于表示我們不能確定答案是肯定還是否定，或者用于預(yù)料得到的回答是No的疑問句中。如：There are not any spoons in the cupboard. 櫥柜中沒有任何湯匙。There arent

29、 any plates on the dressing table. 梳妝臺(tái)上任何碟子都沒有。詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word studynear adj.（1）靠近的，接近的：The television is near the window. 電視機(jī)在窗戶旁邊。There are some shoes on the floor. Theyre near the bed. 地板上有些鞋子。它們?cè)诖菜闹堋＃?）關(guān)系接近的，親近的：She is a near friend of mine. 她是我的一位密友。My uncle is my nearest relative. 我叔叔是我血緣最近的親戚。（3）近似

30、的；幾乎是的： The picture may not be an exact replica but its pretty near. 這幅畫也許不是一件一模一樣的復(fù)制品，但它已酷似原作了。練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercisesLesson 28A1 There are some pencils on the desk.2 There are some knives near that tin.3 There are some policemen in the kitchen.4 There are some newspapers in the living room.5

31、 There are some keyboard operators in the office.B1 Are there any books in the room?No, there arent any books in the room.There are some magazines.Where are they?Theyre on the television.2 Are there any ties on the floor?No, there arent any ties on the floor.There are some shoes.Where are they?Theyr

32、e near the bed.3 Are there any glasses on the cupboard?No, there arent any glasses on the cupboard.There are some bottles.Where are they?Theyre near those tins.4 Are there any newspapers on the shelf?No, there arent any newspapers on the shelf.There are some tickets.Where are they?Theyre in that han

33、dbag.5 Are there any forks on the table?No, there arent any forks on the table.There are some knives.Where are they?Theyre in that box.6 Are there any cups on the stereo?No, there arent any cups on the stereo.There are some glasses.Where are they?Theyre near those bottles.7 Are there any cups in the

34、 kitchen?No, there arent any cups in the kitchen.There are some plates.Where are they?Theyre on the cooker.8 Are there any glasses in the kitchen?No, there arent any glasses in the kitchen.There are some bottles.Where are they?Theyre in the refrigerator.9 Are there any books in the room?No, there ar

35、ent any books in the room.There are some pictures.Where are they?Theyre on the wall.10 Are there any chairs in the room?No, there arent any chairs in the room.There are some armchairs.Where are they?Theyre near the table新概念第一冊(cè)29-30 課文詳解及練習(xí)答案 課文詳注 Further notes on the text 1untidy，亂，不整潔。 un-是前綴，表示“not”這類否定的意思。2air the room，給房間通通風(fēng)。這里的air作動(dòng)詞用。名詞作動(dòng)詞用是英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法的一種。又如：dust(n.)灰塵；(v.)撣掉灰塵。語(yǔ)法 Grammar in usemust(1)must是一個(gè)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞，表示“必須”、“應(yīng)當(dāng)”，與have to相似，表示不可逃避的義務(wù)。在說話人看來，沒有選擇余地。但是，must帶有個(gè)人色彩，表示說話人的主觀意圖。表示個(gè)人感情時(shí)