1、第一篇 詩經采薇第一篇?詩經采薇?一、?詩經?二、分析作品三、藝術特色四、相關評論五、楊柳意象一、?詩經?一?詩經?的內容及其地位二詩六義1、風雅頌2、賦比興三?詩經?的語言特色二、作品分析相關背景采薇?是?詩經小雅?中的一篇。歷代注者關于它的寫作年代說法不一。但據它的內容和其它歷史記載的考訂大約是周宣王時代的作品的可能性大些。周代北方的獫狁即后來的匈奴已十分強悍，經常入侵中原，給當時北方人民生活帶來不少災難。歷史上有不少周天子派兵戍守邊外和命將士出兵打敗獫狁的記載。 ?漢書匈奴傳?說：“(周)懿王時，王室遂衰，戎狄交侵，暴虐中國。中國被其苦，詩人始作，疾而歌之曰：靡室靡家，獫狁之故云云。這可

2、視為?采薇?之作的時代背景。從?采薇?的內容看，當是三千年前這樣的一位久戍之卒，在歸途中的追憶唱嘆之作。其類歸?小雅?，卻頗似?國風?。詩中唱出參軍將士的艱辛生活和思歸的情懷。 二、作品分析結構分析全詩可分為三個局部：1、表現思歸之情，包括前三章；2、回憶戰爭生活，包括第四、五章；3、抒寫歸途情思，最后一章。 三、藝術特點1、比興手法，從寫作上看，它和詩經的許多作品一樣，用以薇起興的手法；2、章法、詞法上重沓疊奏，使內容和情趣都得以層層鋪出，漸漸深化，也增強了作品的音樂美和節奏感。3、全詩記敘議論相結合，寫景、抒情和心理描寫搭配錯落有致，妥貼自然。四、相關評論在藝術上，“昔我往矣，楊柳依依。今

3、我來思，雨雪霏霏，被稱為?三百篇?中最正確詩句之一。自東晉謝玄以來，對它的評析已綿延成一部一千五百多年的闡釋史。王夫之?姜齋詩話?的“以樂景寫哀，以哀景寫樂，一倍增其哀樂和劉熙載?藝概?的“雅人深致，正在借景言情，已成為詩家口頭禪。而“昔往、“今來對舉的句式，那么屢為詩人追摹，如曹植的“始出嚴霜結，今來自露晞(?情詩?)，顏延之的“昔辭秋未素，今也歲載華(?秋胡詩?之五)，等等。 五、楊柳意象有人將古詩中的“柳歸納為八類，現將其摘錄如下，作為小結。、“左公柳。清人楊昌浚在贊譽驍騎將軍左宗棠的詩中云：“新栽楊柳三千里，引得春風度玉關。以柳示春，綠柳就是春天的標志。 、“灞陵柳。李白詩云：“秦樓月

4、，年年柳色，灞陵傷別。唐人送別，折柳相贈，意欲“挽留。以柳與“留諧音，象征友情綿長，永志不忘。清人周志蕙名句“古渡欲牽游子棹，離亭留贈旅人鞭，就是描摹折柳贈別之俗的。 五、楊柳意象、“隋堤柳。李商隱?隋宮?中云：“于今腐草無螢火，終古垂楊有暮鴉。以柳吊古，發年華易逝、世事頻更之感慨。韋莊“無情最是臺城柳，依舊煙籠十里堤，就是對六朝的懷故發思。 、“宛城柳。賀鑄詩云：“宛溪楊柳，依舊青青為誰好？以柳喻相思春情。吳文英有“一絲柳、一寸柔情詞句。朱淑真的“月上柳梢頭，人約黃昏后更是妙筆生花，以柳暗示愛情初萌的歡悅。、“沈園柳。陸游?絕句?云：“夢斷香銷四十年，沈園柳老不飛綿。以柳懷人、傷情難訴。五、

5、楊柳意象、“章臺柳。韓翊詩云：“章臺柳、章臺柳，昔日青青今在否？以柳暗喻其寵妓?！懊呋ㄅP柳、“煙花柳巷，柳即指落入煙花的妓女。 、“寒食柳。據?荊楚歲時記?載：“寒食日，皆折柳插門。張炎詩云：“折得一枝楊柳，歸來插向誰家？以柳寄思親戀鄉之情。倪瓚“舊家應在，梧桐霞井，楊柳藏門。以柳感懷游子鄉情。 、“金雪柳。李清照?永遇樂?中云：“鋪翠冠兒、拈金雪柳，簇帶爭濟楚。以柳妝扮，更添女兒幾分嬌美。常言道“清明不戴柳，紅顏成皓首，就是這個道理。Isc(QAk4YIsc(QAk4YIsc(QAk4YIsc(QAk4YIsc(QAk4YIrb*Pzj3XHrb*Pzj3XHrb*Pzj3XHrb*Pzj3

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