1、英語句子成分1A4種基本成分+2種修飾成分基本成分主語謂語動詞賓語補足語修飾成分狀語 （用來修飾動詞 狀語修飾對象不限于動詞）定語（用來修飾名詞）2A關系圖句子成分基本成分修飾成分核心成分謂語成分主語謂語賓語補語直接賓語間接賓語主語補足語 （表語）賓語補足語定語 （修飾名詞）狀語（修飾動詞）3A句子成分屬性主語、賓語名詞性的謂語動詞性的補足語名詞性的或形容詞性的狀語副詞性的定語形容詞性的4A5 種基本句型 - 動詞決定句型動詞類型5種基本句型不及物動詞1. 不帶賓語主+謂及物動詞2. 帶一個賓語主+謂+直賓3. 帶兩個賓語主+謂+間賓+直賓4. 帶賓語和賓語補足語主+謂+直賓+賓補系動詞5.

2、帶主語補足語主+謂（系）+表Her love died.She loved me.She gave me a kiss.She made me happy.She is lovable.5A動詞決定句型，但動詞決定不了狀語和定語的存在與否，或者說，狀語和定語填補動詞的語義空缺。6A給下列短文劃分句子成分。Losers Look for Quick Fixes There are two ways of getting rid of weeds in your yard: the easy way and the not-so-easy way. (1) The easy way may be

3、to run a lawnmower and (2) the yard looks fine for a while, but that is a temporary answer. Soon the weeds are back. But (3) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the weeds by the roots. It is time-consuming and painful, but (4) the weeds will stay away fo

4、r a longer time. (5) The first solution appeared easy, but (6) the problem remained. The second solution was not so easy, but took care of the problem from the roots. (7) The key is to get the root of the problem. The same thing is true of our attitude in life. The problem with people today is that

5、(8) they want instant answer. (9) They are looking for one-minute solutions to everything. Just like instant coffee, they want instant happiness. There are no quick fixes. (10) This attitude leads to disappointment or even failure.7AThe easy way may be to run a lawnmowerthe yard looks fine for a whi

6、le the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the weeds by the roots. the weeds will stay away for a longer time. The first solution appeared easy, 主主主主主表/主補表/主補 時間狀語表/主補 時間狀語謂謂謂謂謂賓8Athe problem remained. The key is to get the root of the problem.they want inst

7、ant answer. They are looking for one-minute solutions （to everything）. This attitude leads to disappointment or even failure.主謂主主主主謂謂謂謂表/主補 賓賓賓賓補定9A主語 謂語動作的執行者主語可以省略。主語的形式結構：The sun rises in the east.（名詞） He likes dancing.（代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history. (數詞)Seeing is believing. （動名詞）To

8、see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主語從句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.10A賓語 動作的承受者動賓I like China. （名詞）He hates you. （代詞）How many do you need? We need two. （數詞）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you.（動名詞）I hope to see you again.

9、（不定式） Did you write down what he said? （賓語從句）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞-介賓Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.雙賓語-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.11A謂語 說明主語的動作、狀態和特征必不可少；決定句子結構；謂語的形式結構-動詞We study English. He likes playing the games. 12A賓語 動作的承受者

10、動賓I like China. （名詞）He hates you. （代詞）How many do you need? We need two. （數詞）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you.（動名詞）I hope to see you again.（不定式） Did you write down what he said? （賓語從句）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞-介賓Are you afraid of the snake?雙賓語-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterda

11、y. Give the poor man some money.13A補語 補充說明名詞的成分，通常出現在主語或賓語后邊。賓語補足語. 主語補足語（表語）；補足語的形式結構：We elected him monitor. （名詞）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容詞）We found nobody in.( 副詞 )Please make yourself at home. 介詞短語）Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）His father ad

12、vised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning. （現在分詞）Ill have my bike repaired. （過去分詞）He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.14A系動詞befeel, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear,become, grow, get,

13、turn, fall, go, comecontinue, remain, stay, keep15A狀語 - 狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明方式、因果、條件、 時間、地點、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。The boy needs a pen very much.（程度狀語）The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.（賓語較長則狀語前置）The boy really needs a pen.（程度狀語）The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,n

14、eeds a pen.（時間狀語）In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.（地點狀語）Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.(條件狀語)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.(時間狀語)He sits there,asking for a pen.（表示伴隨狀態）Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.（原因狀語）Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.（原因狀語）The

15、boy needs a pen to do his homework.（目的狀語）To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business. （目的狀語）16A定語 修飾名詞The boyThe cute boyThe cute boy in blue jeansThe cute boy wearing blue jeansThe cute boy who is wearing blue jeansis my brother.17A同位語 名詞短語的補語成分名詞才有同位語；同位語即名詞補足語；省略同位語，句子意思完整

16、。My uncle, my mothers brother, died of cancer when he was 47.I have no idea when they will be back and settle down.18AMore exercise 劃分句子成分。1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sport

17、s shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city7. -I love you more than herchild 8. Tees turn green when spring comes.9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 19AMore exercise 劃分句子成分。11. He wrote carefully some letters

18、to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Dont get nervous，help yourself to what you like16.We will make our school more beautiful.17. He didnt comeThat is why he didnt know18. She show

19、ed us her many of her pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life. 20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.20AMore exercise 劃分句子成分。21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany22. There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us