1、. .PAGE13 / NUMPAGES13 非謂語動詞非謂語動詞 構成：（to）+動詞原形動詞不定式非 在句中的作用（除謂語動詞外的任何成分）謂 構成：V.-ing語 動名詞動 用法（主、賓、表、定）詞 構成：V. -ing / V.-ed（規則變化） 分詞 用法（表、補、定、狀）（一）動名詞一、動名詞的構成：動名詞一般由“動詞原形+ing”構成 二、動名詞的句法功能功能例句說明主語Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多對你的健康有害。謂語動詞用單數形式。賓語 動詞賓語 介詞賓語I like playing basketball very mu

2、ch.我非常喜歡打籃球。Stamps are used for sending letters.郵票是被用來寄信的。表示一般的習慣或抽象行為或經常性的動作。表語His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多數情況下，動名詞作表語可轉化成作主語。定語She is in the reading room.她在閱覽室。We should improve our teaching methods.我們應該改進教學方法。只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關系等。置于所修飾詞之前。注意：英語中有一些詞后面常跟動名詞作賓語。我們初

3、中階段常見的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend.（in）, feel like, be used to（習慣于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, cant help。我們可按下面的順口溜記憶這些詞。 完成實踐值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 繼續習慣別放棄（keep on, be used to, give up） 考慮建議不禁想（consider, suggest,

4、 cant help, feel like）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）（二）動詞不定式動詞不定時的構成不定時的基本形式為：to+動詞原形，有時可以不用to，這里的to 是不定式符號，本身無詞義，動詞不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）動詞原形。動詞不定式的句法功能功能例句說明主語To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 講英語對我們來說不容易。作主語用的不定式，常常用it作形式主語，而把不定式放在后面。表語My work is to clean the roo

5、m everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。多數情況下，不定式作表語，可轉換作為主語。賓語What sports does he like to play?他喜歡做什么運動？He likes to play basketball.他喜歡打籃球。只能做某些動詞的賓語，一般不作介詞的賓語。賓補My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我媽媽讓我一直彈鋼琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官動詞后，不定式省略to。定語Have you

6、 got anything to say? 你有要說的嗎？不定式作定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面。狀語Im sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。 不定式作主語 動詞不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末其結構為：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+動詞不定式如：To learn English well is useful.It is useful to learn English well.I

7、ts important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質的形容詞后，不用for而用of。如： Its very kind of you to help me. 你幫助我真是太好啦。 Its very clever of you to do like that. 你那樣做真是太聰明啦。 不定式作賓語有些謂語動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如：

8、 Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看電影嗎？在find, think后跟不定式作賓語時，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在后面。如：I find it easy to read English every day.常見的一些不帶to的動詞不定式Why not do., Why dont you do., had better（not）do., would rather do, could/would/will you please（not）do.I would rather stay in the room.我寧愿待在房間里。 不定

9、式作賓語補足語 不定式作賓語補足語時與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關系。如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西讓他關小收音機。 tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語。如： My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我媽媽鼓勵我學日語。 注意：還有一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補，這時不定式要省略to。這些動詞有：一感（feel）、二聽（hear, listen to）、三讓（let, make, have）、四看（

10、look at, see, watch, notice）。但變被動語態時，必須加上to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板讓我的朋友們工作了一整夜。 不定式作定語不定式作定語時，應放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系。如果是不與物動詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動賓關系，要在不定式后加上適當的介詞。There is nothing to worry about. 沒有什么可擔心的。不定式常和疑問詞what, which, when, where, how連用，相當于一個賓語從句。如： The teache

11、r is telling the students what to do. 老師正告訴學生們做什么。 He didnt know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。例題 ( )1. Toms mother told him _ eating too much meat. A: stopping B: to stop C: stops D: stopped( )2. We dont know _ it next. Lets go and ask Mr. Li. A: what to do B: to do what C: whether to do D: to do whether (

12、)3. How kind you are! You always do what you can _me. A: help B: helping C: to help D: helps( )4 Drivers shouldnt be allowed _after drinking, or they will break the law. A: drive B: driving C: to drive( )5. Water Park is a good place_. A: to have fun B: have fun C: having fun D: to have a fun( )6. T

13、ake time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone. Relaxing allows you _to your studies with more energy. A: return B: to return C: returning( )7. Nick, would you mind _those old jeans? They look terrible. A: not to wear B: not wear C: wearing not D: not wearin

14、g( )8. _ a volunteer is great.I think so. Some of us want _volunteers for the London Olympics. A: Being；being B: To be；being C: Being；to be D: To be；to be( )9.Dont forget _your history and politics books tomorrow morning.Thanks. I wont. A: bring B: to bring C: bringing( )10.What about _a rest?OK. Le

15、ts go out and have a walk. A: to take B: takes C: taking ( )11. I like this set of sofa so much, but I dont know _it in my small house.Youre supposed to put it in the living room. A: where to put B: why to put C: how to put ( )12. While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped _and l

16、ay on the ground, so we all stopped _what was wrong with him. A: to run; to see B: running; seeing C: running; to see( )13. May I have a rest? I have already finished _the report. A: write B: writing C: to write D: written ( )14.I feel a bit hungry now.Why not _for dinner with us? A: go B: did you g

17、o C: to go D: do you go練習( )1. Granny often tells us _water in our daily life. A: save B: saving C: to save D: saves( )2. Richard turned off the computer after he had finished _the email. A: write B: to write C: writing D: wrote( )3.We can use to chat with each other on the Internet.Really? Will you

18、 please show me _it? A: how to use B: what to use C: how can I use D: what can I use( )4.Wheres your brother now，Bob?I saw him _ in the street a moment ago and I told him _. A: playing；dont do so B: playing；not to do so C: play；to do so ( )5. As teenagers, were old enough _with housework. We can hel

19、p set the table, wash the dishes and clean our own rooms. A: to help B: helping C: helped( )6. Nancy is really a hard-working student. We often see her _books in the classroom. A: read B: to read C: reads( )7 Mrs. Smith made her students _the compositions three times a week. A: write B: to write C:

20、written D: writing( )8.Tom often makes his sister , but yesterday he was made by his sister.A: cry; to cry B: to cry; cry C:cry; cry D: to cry; to cry( )9. Youd better _ too much time playing computer games. A: dont spend B: not to spend C: to not spend D: not spend( )10. More and more young people

21、are trying to do something _the old. A: served B: to serve C: serve D: serves( )11. Why not _ an English club to practice _ English? A. to join; to speak B. join; speaking C. join; to speak D. to join; speaking( )12. When we came to the gate, he stopped _ me go in first. A. to let B. to tell C. to a

22、llow D. to ask( )13. She saw some boys _ soccer on the playground when she was on the way to the classroom. A. played B. to play C. playing ( )14. How about going shopping this weekend, Peter?Sorry, I prefer _ rather than _. A. to stay at home; go out B. to go out; stay at home C. staying at home; g

23、o out D. Going out; stay at home ( )15. Its a good habit _ every day. A. to keep doing exercise B. to stay up late C. to make much noise D. to too much ( )16. Its hot. Would you mind my _ the window._. Do it as you like, please! A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not C. closing; Of course D. Open;

24、 Good idea ( )17. Who do you think youd like _ with you, a boy or a girl? A. to let to go B. letting to go C. to let go D. let go ( )18. The house was so dirty. They decided _. A. clean it up B. to clean it up C. clean up it D. cleaning up( )19. I heard someone _ the door and . A. open; come in B. t

25、o open; to come in C. open; come into D. to open; to come into( )20. The girl was heard _ the piano in the next room. A. plays B. to play C. played D. play初中英語語法 非謂語動詞專項練習1. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having written B. to be writt

26、en C. being written D. written2. You were brave enough to raise objection at the meeting.Well, now I regret _ that.A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done3. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met4. The boy wanted to ride

27、his bicycle in the street, but his mother toldhim _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do5. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning6. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To los

28、t7. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating8. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing9. I would love _ to the party

29、 last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone10. European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.making B. makes C. made D. to makeWhen I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to

30、 miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading12. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make13. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to

31、study C. to be studying D. to have been studying14. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out15. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B. Suffering

32、C. To suffer D. Suffered16. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen17. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun18.

33、 It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. it what to do with B. what to do it withC. what to do with it D. to do what with it19. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked20. She looks forward ever

34、y spring to _ the flower-lined garden.A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in21. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _.A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to22. What do you think made Mary so upset?_ her new bike.A. As she lost

35、 B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing23. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remainC. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars24. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to choose.A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to c

36、hoose D. for choosing25. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding26. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _.A. hed like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, tooC. to collect coins is

37、also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure27. Finding her car stolen, _.A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help28. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, ma

38、ny state-run companies are striving _ their products more competitive.A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made29. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in30. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private c

39、ars _ road conditions need _.A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improvedC. where; improving D. when; improving31. The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught32. _ the general state of his health, it may

40、 take him a while to recover from the operation.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given33. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung34. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to

41、 admit35. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children.A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up36. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having37. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected

42、 president is having a hard time.A. settled B. setting C. to settle D. being settled38. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting39. In order to make our city green, _.A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more tree

43、s need to plantC. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees40. How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made41. The tea

44、cher asked us _ so much noise.A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make42. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player.A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given43. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. Putti

45、ng答案詳解:D。表示“被動、完成”用過去分詞作定語。D。regret doing sth 表示對已經發生的事感到“后悔”；regret to say / tell / inform / announce 用以報告令人不快之事，表示對將要說的話感到“遺憾、抱歉”，主語通常是 I / we, regret 用一般現在時。C。agree 只能接不定式，在謂語動之后發生，用一般式，選 C。A。根據句型 tell sb (not) to do sth，排除 C 和 D；當不定式的動詞是前面已出現過的一樣的動詞時，為避免重復，通常省略 to 后的容，只保留 to, 所以只有 A 對。B。make sb

46、do sth 的被動式為 sb be made to do sth(某人被迫做某事)。C。考查過去分詞作狀語。Lost in thought=As he was lost in thought。be lost in thought(沉思)是固定搭配；這類習慣表達還有 be caught in the rain(遭雨淋), be dressed in red(穿著紅衣), be seated(就座)等。C。本句是 warn sb (not) to do sth 的被動式。C。因 The Olympic games 與 play 是被動關系，排除 A 和 D；不定式的被動式，表示未來的動作，排除

47、B。表示“被動、完成”，用過去分詞。B。would love / like 后面只能接不定式，排除 C 和 D。表示過去未曾實現的愿望，后接不定式完成式，故選 B。A。現在分詞作結果狀語。D。 句中 read 意為“有某字樣”，a message pinned to the door 意為“釘在門上的一紙條”，a message 與 read 是主動關系，因此用現在分詞。B。考查非謂語動詞的結構平衡性。not to make it more difficult是與 to make it easier 形成對比的否定結構，兩者在句中作表語。A。由 studied 可知，他曾到國外留過學，“留學”

48、這個動作已結束并發生在謂語動作(is said)之前，所以要用完成式。A。此句結構復雜,句中的 that 引導一個定語從句，它代表 the plan 并在從句中作 see 的賓語，the plan 與 carry out 是被動關系，因此，用過去分詞作賓補。即卻ee the plan carried out the next year.A。句意為“這條河已經遭受如此嚴重的污染，現在要想清理也許為時已晚了”。suffer 發生在 clean up 之前，且有 already 暗示，無疑要用現在分詞的完成式作狀語。B。remain 作“尚需”解，要接不定式作表語，see 與 it(形式主語，指wh

49、ether they will enjoy it)是動賓關系，因此用不定式的被動式。D。“連詞+分詞”作狀語，依然由句子主語與分詞的關系來確定，主動關系用現在分詞，被動關系用過去分詞。the research 與 begin 是被動關系，用過去分詞 begun。C。do with 與 what 連用是一個很有用的結構，可以表示“處置”、“利用”等。B。find 后可接現在分詞或過去分詞作補語，但不接不定式。he 與 smoke 是主動關系，用 -ing 形式作補語，故選 B。D。look forward to 中 to 是介詞，后接動詞要用動名詞。若選 B，應在其后加 to 才行。C。不定式作

50、定語，the person 是 send it 的對象，可理解為 to send it to the person。22. C。用完整的句子應這樣回答：Losing her new bike made Mary so upset.D。因為 remain 是不與物動詞，其過去分詞無被動含義，所以要用 remaining(剩下的) 作定語，修飾 20 dollars。B。句意是“有五雙可供選擇，我拿不定主意從中選擇哪一雙”，而不是選擇五雙。C。Harvard(哈佛大學)與 found(建立)是被動關系，且早在1636年已建立，故用過去分詞。D。考查非謂語動詞的結構平衡性。因 and 連接兩個并列的

51、簡單句，前一分句用-ing 形式作主語，后一分句也應用 -ing 形式作主語。D。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語就是句子主語。Finding her car stolen 的邏輯主語顯然是 she，故選 D。意為：她發現她的車被人偷了，她就趕緊報警求援。A。不定式作目的狀語。“使產品更具競爭性”是“正在努力的目的”。C。“連詞+分詞”作狀語。his parents 與 lack money(缺錢)是主動關系，又因為 lack 是與物動詞，不用介詞，故選C。A。that 引導的從句與 problem 是同位語。need, want, require 等表示“(某物)需要做某事”時，后接動名詞的主

52、動式或接不定式的被動式都可以。C。lead to(導致、使)中的 to 是介詞，后接動名詞；邏輯主語 the thief 與catch 是被動關系，故選 C。A。given 作介詞，意為“鑒于、考慮到”，可接名詞或 that 從句。B。hang 表示“懸掛”時，可用作與物或不與物動詞，此處填 hanging 或 hung 均可，但不能填 being hung，因為它表示動作正在進行，而此處表示的是一種懸掛的狀態。A。介詞后接動詞一般要用動名詞，但 but / except 等介詞后卻可以接不定式，前面有行為動詞 do 時不帶 to，無 do 時要帶 to。B。devote卼o?把貢獻給；致力于

53、)中 to 是介詞，應接-ing 形式；all 是 devote 的賓語，he had 是省略了關系代詞 that 的定語從句，修飾 all。注意，千萬不要以為 had to 是“不得不”，后接動詞原形，而去選 A，那就中了命題人的圈套了。A。不定式作目的狀語。句意為：為了下午多睡一會，Bob 關掉了鬧鐘。C。“新當選的總統日子不好過”是因為“有許多問題要解決”，表示“有要”用不定式作定語。A。mean to do 打算做，mean doing 意味著。句意為：在英國的某些地方搭不上公共汽車意味著要再等一個小時。D。“使城市綠化”是“我們(we)”的目的。B。key to(的關鍵)中 to 是

54、介詞，應接動名詞；又因名詞 demand 與 make 是被動關系(make demands 提出要求)，另有 by 這一標志詞暗示，用過去分詞作定語。D。ask，tell, want 等后要接帶 to 的不定式作賓補，其否定式是在不定式前加 not。即 ask sb (not) to do sth 叫某人(不要)做某事。D。give 與其邏輯主語 he 是動賓關系，用過去分詞，故選 D，Given time=If he is given time。43. D。catch sb. doing sth. 意為碰巧撞見某人正在做某事。初中英語語法 非謂語動詞專項練習21. Helen had to

55、 shout _ above the sound of the music.A. making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D. to make herself heard2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes.A. to form B. form C. forming D. having form

56、ed3. The man insisted _ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding4. The old man, _ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked5. You were silly not _ your car.A. to loc

57、k B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked6. Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth.A. run B. running C. being run D. to run7. When flint _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced8. “We cant go out in this weat

58、her,” said Bob, _ out of the window.A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked9. My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take10. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wal

59、let at home.A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited11. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M.A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known12. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party.A. get changed B. get change C

60、. get changing D. get to change13. _ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to stay another two days off the farm. A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted14. I dont know whether you happen _ , but Im going to study in the U. S. A. this September. A. to be hea