1、名詞性從句 名詞性從句概況 名詞性從句的引導詞名詞性從句的時態和語序名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣名詞性從句中其它需要注意的問題 名詞性從句高考熱點透析名詞性從句專項練習一.名詞性從句概況（概念、分類、識別）A組中，a b c d劃線部分都為 在句子中分別作、。（成分）詞，、 、B組中，劃線部分都為，在句子中分別作、。（成分）1. 概念 A 組 His job is important.This is his job.I don ' t like hjOb.I don ' t know about thean, Mr. White.B 組 What he does is importa

2、ntThis is what he does every day.I don ' t liWhat he does every day.I don ' t know about the fact thlae is a teacher.結論：在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句。名詞從句的功能相當于名詞或名詞性詞組，它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語。2. 分類：根據不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從 句和同位語從句。3. 識別：（1）找出主句的謂語動詞（2） 主句謂語動詞之前的是主語從句；主句謂語動詞（及物動詞）、動詞短語或介詞之后的是

3、賓語從句；表語從句位于系動詞之后；同位語從句位于某一名詞（n ews ,fact, idea,desire, suggestion, promise, information, situation ） 之后，作該名詞的同位語。Practise:判斷下列句子屬于名詞性從句的哪種類型1. What the baby could speak made his pare nts very happy.()2. I won der whether you will go shopp ing or stay at home.()3. This is why he was ofte n late for s

4、chool.()4. We all know the truth that the earth tur ns around the sun.(二、名詞性從句的引導詞引導名詞性從句的連接詞大致可分為三類：連接詞：that，whether， if (不充當句子的任何成分)連接代詞： what， whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.(充當成分) 連接副詞： when, where, why, who.(充當成分)(一)連接詞 that, whether, ifA: that1. 判斷下列從句類型That he is still alive is sh

5、eer luck.()John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. ()The fact is that he has not been seen recently.()The fact that he has not bee n see n recen tly disturbs every onein his office.()總結：以上劃線部分的共同點：都是完整的句子，都由that引導，that在其中無意義，也不作成分。that可以引導四類名詞性從句。2. 判斷下列句子正誤。He is still alive is sheer

6、 luck.()John said he was leaving forLondon on Wednesday.()The fact is he has not beenseen recently. ()The fact _ he has not bee n see n recen tlydisturbs every one in his office.()總結：通常情況下，that在賓語從句中可以省略，但在其它三類名詞性從句中that不可省。3分析下列句子。(1) I don't know exactly where he lives, except that it's so

7、mewhere out in the wilds.(2) He told me he had to leave and that he would be back soon.(3) We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.(4) That price will go up I know.分析：以上句子的共同點是：都是由that引導的賓語從句；that都不可省。總結：that引導賓語從句時不可省的情況有：(1) 當that從句作介賓時；動詞后跟有多個that引導的賓語從句時，只有第一個that可以省;(3) 賓語從句

8、前有插入語時；(4) that引導的從句位于句首時。B: whether /if1. 判斷下列從句的類型(1) Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.()(2) I don' tknow whether/if he' llarrive in time. ()(3) The question is whether the film is worth seeing.()(4) There is some doubt whether he will come.()總結：劃線部分都是完整的句子，其中whether或if都有"

9、;是否”之意；whether可以引導四類名詞性從句；在賓語從句中，whether可用f代替。2. 判斷句子正誤并改正(1) If we can have clean dringking water lies in what effective measures will betaken by the government about water pollution.( )(2) Itrema ins tobe see n if/whether this ideacanbeput into practice.( )(3) Idon't knowif or not the reportis

10、 true.()(4) Idon't knowif the report is trueor not.()(5) Itdepe nds onwhether/if we haveeno ughtime.()(6) They don't know if to go there.( )(7) The doctor really doubts whether my mother will recover from the seriousdisease soon.()(8) Never once did I doubt that I would be able to carry out

11、my plan.()(9) The questi on is if the film is worth see in g.()(10) An swer my questi on whether you are coming 。()總結：名詞性從句用whether和if均可引導的情況：賓語從句一般情況；(b)主語從句不在句首時; (c)與or not不直接連用時。名詞性從句中只能用 whether引導的情況：(a)主語從句在句首；(b)作介詞賓語時;(c) doubt后的賓語從句為肯定句時(否定句時用that)(d);與or not直接連用時;(e)與to_do 連用時(whether to d

12、o)(二)連接代詞 who, whoever, what, whatever; which, whichever, whom, whose判斷從句類型，并指出劃線部分在從句中所作的成分。Do you know who has won Red Alert game?(I don' t know whom you should depend on. (Thebook will show you what the best CEOs know.(Theproblem, whose car it is is not clear.(Theproblem is which we'll vi

13、sit.(I wonder what the matter is.(Whatever you do has noting to do with me.(總結：連接代詞 who, whom, what, whose, which等可用于各類名詞性從句中，有實際意義，在從句中擔任一定的成分，根據不同的意義和需要，可以作主語、賓語、表語或定語。(三)連接畐U詞 when,where,why,how.判斷從句類型及劃線部分的成分。He didn ' t tell me when we should meet again.( It is a question how he did it. ()(

14、None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. That ' where you are wrong.()(Why he an swered in that fashi on rema ins a secret.(總結：連接副詞 when, where, why, how可用于各類名詞性從句中，有意義，充當成分。 根據不同的意義和需要在從句中作狀語。三、名詞性從句的時態和語序A 組：(1) Iknow(that)he(study)En glishn extyear.Isknow(that)he(study)En glishfo

15、r three yearIknow(that)he(study)En glishfor three years(一)、賓語從句中時態的呼應bythe time he was ten.B組 (1) She will tell you whether she(study) English these years(2) She will tell how many years she (study) English before shecame here.C組：(1) The teacher told us that Tom )us for Americnext week.(2) The teach

16、er told us that Tom (leave)us for Americabeforewe arrived.(3) People would always think that the rich (be)hap (4) The teacher told us that the earth (turn) around the sun.總結：在賓語從句中，若主句動詞是現在時或將來時，從句根據自身的句子情況,而使用不同時態；當主句動詞是過去時態（could,would除外），從句則要用相應的過去時態，（如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等）；當從句表示的是客觀真理時，則從句仍用現在時態。（

17、二） 名詞性從句的語序判斷正誤：1.他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎。How was he successful is still a puzzle.()How he was successful is still a puzzle.()2.你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？Could you tell me where he lives?()Could you tell me where does he live? ()3.我們給了他我們力所能及的幫助。We gave him what (little) help we could.()We gave him what (little) help coul

18、d we.()總結：關系代詞和關系副詞具有特殊疑問詞的意義，但它們引導的名詞性從句一律使用陳 述句語序。四、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣(一) 賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1. The teacher demanded that the workbefore 4 o' clock.A. fini shed B. be fini shed C. should finish D. finish2. - What did the doctor say about your mother' s illness?-He suggested that shean operati on at once.A

19、. must have B. hadC. have D. had had總結：在 suggest, order, dema nd, request, desire, in sist, require, decide,determine, advise,recommend, deserve (值得提及)等表示建議、命令、要求或請求等意義的動詞后的賓語從句，謂語動詞需用 “(should)+do ”型的虛擬語氣。(二) 主語從句中的虛擬語氣1. Is it required that the stude ntsthe exam in ati on?A. takesB. has to takeC.

20、must take D. take2. It is stra nge that heyou this.A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told3. It is no wan der that he by the math teacher.A. punish B.be puni shed C. should punish D. was puni shed總結：在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、惋惜、命令、要求、不相信、理應如此等語氣時, 謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：Itissuggested(reques

21、ted,proposed,desired,etc.)thatItisn ecessary(importa nt,n atural,stra nge,etc.)thatItisa pity(a shame,no won der,etc.)that (三)、表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣1.1 make a proposal that we (should) hold a meet ing next week.2. My proposal is that we (should) hold a meeti ng next week.3. His suggesti on is that you sh

22、ould try once more.4. His suggesti on that youonce more sounds reas on able.總結：在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即( should)+動詞原形。五、名詞性從句中需要注意的其它問題(一)主語從句需要注意的問題1. 主語從句中主句的謂語動詞一般用第三人稱單數形式，但what引導主語從句的主句謂語動詞的形式須根據句子的意思來判斷。(1) How he worked it out is still a secre

23、t.他是如何把它做出來的還是一個秘密(2) What they makes in this factory are TV sets.他們在工廠里所做的東西就是電視 機。2. 主語從句一般用it作形式主語，放在句首，而將主語從句放到句末。如：(1) It isn' likely that I should accept such an offer as that.(2) It is no surprise that our team has won the game.(3) It is decided that the meet ing has bee n put off till n

24、ext Mon day.(4) It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.(5) It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about although about twothousand patients have taken it.常用句型如下：(注：that引導的主語從句，也或者 是連接代詞、連接副詞及whether/if引導的主語從句。)(1) It + be + 名詞 + that 從句(2) It + be + 形容詞 + th

25、at從句(3) It + be + 動詞的過去分詞+ that從(4) It + 不及物動詞+ that從句（二）賓語從句需要注意的問題1.it作形式賓語。（1） 當一些動詞后的賓語從句有賓語補足語時，則用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語從句后置。常見的這類動詞有：feel ，find ，think ，consider ，believe ，guess，suppose，make等。如: He has made it clear that the meeti ng will not be postp on ed.（2） 主句謂語動詞為hate, like, dislike, appreciate,enj

26、oy 等表示"喜歡""厭惡”等感情色彩的詞以及一些動詞短語see to, depend on, rely on等，常用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。女口： I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.2.否定轉移當動詞think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine后接一個表示否定意義的賓語從句時， 若主語為第一人稱，其否定通常轉移到主語；若謂語為hope，或主語為第二、三人稱，則不需要轉移。如：I don ' t supposb

27、at it is true.我認為那不是真的。I hope that isn 'ttrue.He thinks that is not true.（三）、表語從句需要注意的問題表語從句除了由通用的引導詞引導外，還可由其它特殊的引導詞。1. as if/as though弓 I導as if/as though 弓丨導的賓語從句常跟在be 動詞，seem, look , taste , sound, feel , appear等動詞后。The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had

28、been throw n over it.It isn ' t as if you were going away for ev又不是你離開不回來了2. because, why弓丨導because ,why引導的表語從句常用于以下句型：“This /That is why. 這/ 那是的原因。”“This /That is because.這/那是因為”前者強調結果，后者強調原因。但because引導的表語從句，主句主語不能是reason或cause （該結構常用that引導）。女口： That is why he was late for the meeting yesterday

29、.That is because he missed the early bus by two minutes.The reason why he was late for the meeting yesterday is that he missed the early bus by two minu tes.（四）、同位語從句需要注意的問題 同位語從句與定語從句的區別：（1） 同位語從句是對從句前面名詞進行說明或解釋；而定語從句是對前面名詞的修飾限定。（2） 同位語從句前面的名詞大都是news, fact , idea , thought , hope, order等抽象名詞； 而定語從句

30、的先行詞可以是名詞，代詞，主句的一部分或全部。（3） 同位語從句的引導詞that不充當句子成分，沒意義，也不省略；定語從句中that代替先行詞在從句中作主語、賓語或表語；作賓語時可省略。女口： The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.()The n ews (that)we heard on the radio was not true.()六、名詞性從句高考熱點1.考查名詞性從句的語序問題例1.Some one is ringing the doorbell.Go and seeA.who isheBwho

31、he isC.who is itD.whoit is例2Canyoumakesurethe gold ring?A.whereAlicehadputB.where didAlice putC.whereAlicehasputD. where hasAlice put例 3. Heaskedfor thevioli n.A.did Ipayhow imuchB. I paid howmuchC.how much did IpayD. how muchIpaid2.考查引導詞that與what的區別例1wecan tgetseems better thanwe haveA.What;whatB.W

32、hat; thatC.That; thatD. That;what例2.youhavedonemight do harm toother people.A.ThatB. WhatC.Whetherhim isnone of my bus in ess.D. How例 3. you do n'tlikeA. WhatB. WhoC. ThatD. Whether3.考查it在名詞性從句中作形式主語或形式例1. is a fact thatEnglishis being accepted as anintern atio nalIan guage.D. ItA.There例2.Itworr

33、iedher a bitA.whileD. for例3I hatewhe npeopleA.itD.them例4.Doesmatterif heA. thisB. thatB.ThisC.Thatherhairwas turninggrey.B.ifC. thattalkwiththeir mouths full.B.thatC. thiscan'tfin ishthe jobon time?C. he例1wellgocamp ing tomorrowA.IfD. it4.考查whether與if的區別例depe nds on the weather.B. WhetherThatD.

34、Where2. notthe 2000 Olympic Games will be heldknown yet.A. Whe neverB. IfD. That5.考查名詞性從句中的疑問詞+ever引導的名詞性從句與no 導的狀語從句的區別C.inBeiji ngisC. Whethermatter+疑問詞引例1. It isgen erallycon siderede orshe wan ts.A. howevern ever例2. leavesun wise to give achildhC. whicheverD. wheought to turn offthelights.B. wha

35、teverthe room lastC.WhoeveA. AnyoneB. The pers onrD. Who6.考查名詞性從句的虛擬語氣問題例1:It isn ecessarythat a college stude nteig nIan guage.A. mastersB. should masterat leasta forC. masteredD.will master7. doubt后的名詞性從句的使用8. that與which的區別9. that 與 whether 的區別10. what與 which的區別七、名詞性從句專項練習1.that theyA. It is saidf

36、ound an unu sual B. They are saidpla ntin the forest.C. It saidaccide ntThatis still a complete mystery. C. HowD. WhereD. It says2. caused theA. WhatB.3. It worried Mary a lot entrance exam in ati on.B. would hisD. his daughteris worth praisinA.whetherB. ifC. thatD.how4.Shan ghaihas take n ona new l

37、ook.It isn 'tlikeit used tobeA.whatB.howC.thatD.which5.isno possibilityBobwill win thefirstprizein thematch.A.There,thatB.It,thatC. There,whethershe would pass thecollegeD. It, whether6.LittleTommy was reluctantto tellthe headmasterhehad done theday before.A.thatB. howC .whatD.where7. The oldman

38、 smiledwhen he saw how prettyup tobe duri ngthe past few years.8.Have youseenMarylately?My bosswan tsto knowA.how sheisgett ingalongB. howisshegett ingalongC.what sheisgett ingalongD. whatisshegett ingalong9.surprisedme most wassucha littlegirlofsevencouldplay the 1violinso well.A.That; whatB.What;thatC.That; thatD.What;whatA. had his daughter grow n daughter growC. his daughter would grow had grow