1、1動詞和動詞短語一、系動詞1表示人或事物特征和狀態的系動詞，如 smell，live，look，sound， feel，seem， appear 等。例如：The actor looked his part 那個演員看上去和他演的角色很相稱。He appears fl normal person 他看來是一個正常人。2表示狀態的變化，如 go， grow， run ， turn ，become，wash, get, turn OUt , come 等。例如：His dream has come true .他的夢想成真了。The river went dry 河流干涸了。3 .表示某種狀態的持

2、續或延續, 如 last, stand, lie, keep,stay, continue, hold 等。例如：2He stayed young .他依然年輕。He told me to keep calm under all circumstances.他告訴我在任何情況下都要保持鎮靜。注意：常用系動詞及與之搭配的形容詞:1feel: sorry, lonely, proud, shy。happy 等。2get: late, fat, dark , worse, angry, well 等。3go： hungry， bad， lame， broken， mad， blind 等。4grow

3、: worse， calm，cold， old， thin， big， fat， dark等。5keep： calm， fine，quiet，warm， happy 等。6look: strong， tired， fit， nervous，friendly， pretty，excellent 等。7remain : single, unmarried，calm，open，active，silent8prove: false，correct，easy，difficult， useful 等。9turn : yellow，grey，pale，red，black，green，cold 等。二、一些常

4、用行為動詞的用法比較1. 1ay 和 lie過去式過去分詞現莊分詞意思用袪lielaylainlying網屜于不及物劭詞3lieBedliedlyin說謊不及物動詞laylaidlaidlaying膠置嚴陽及勒動飼He lied tO me that he had finished his homework .他向我撒謊說完成作業了。He laid the baby on the bed.他把嬰兒放置在床上2. arise, rise 和 raise原形過去式過去分詞現在分詞意思用法4 risearosearisenarising出現*發生興起不及物動詞riseroserisenrising上

5、升.起身不及物動詞raiseraisedraisedraising舉起.提高喚渥詞養及物動詞The sun having set down, a mist arose.太陽落山后起了霧。The river has risen by several metres.河水上漲了好幾米。It S difficult raising a family on a small income .依靠微薄的收入是很難養家的。3. hang 的用法原晤過去式過去分詞現在分詞意思意思hanghunghunghanging吊，掛及物動詞/ 不及物勒詞4handedhandedhfingmg絞死及物動詞He hung

6、his clothes on the wall.他把衣服掛在墻上。A towel hung from the rail .欄桿上搭著條毛巾。The murderer was hanged and the dead was avenged 殺人犯被絞死了，為死者報了仇。4get 的用法get+賓語：在這種結構中，get 通常意為 receive（收到）,obtain（獲得）,fetch（拿來）,take（拿）。例如：I got her letter yesterday 昨天我收到了她的來信。（2）get+形容詞： 表示某種狀態的變化， 意思與 become 相似。例如：When you get

7、old， your memory gets worse 你老了之后，記憶力會變差。（3）get+過去分詞：這種結構相當于“be+過去分詞”，相5當于被動語態。His leg got broken in the car accident 在那次車禍中，他的腿斷了。（4）get+賓語+賓語補足語（形容詞、分詞、不定式）：這種 結構表示“使變得，使移動，使做，使被 做”。l can 7t get my feet warm 我沒法使腳暖和起來。Can you get the car going?你能把車開動起來嗎 ?I shall get Mr Wang to do it for me 我該讓王先生給

8、我做那件事。I got my watch repaired yesterday 我昨天讓人把表修了。注意：有時候“ get+賓語+過去分詞”并不表示“要某事 被別人做”，而是表示“經歷，遭受”。例如：They got their roof blown off in the storm last night 昨晚的暴風雨把他們的房頂給掀掉了。5 have 的用法(1) have+賓語+不帶 to 的不定式：“使某人做某事”。 例如：He had everybody fill out a form 他讓所有的人都填了表。6(2) have+賓語+現在分詞：“使某人一直.”。例如：She had u

9、s laughing all through the meal 在吃飯過程中，她使我們始終笑個不停。(3)have+賓語+過去分詞：“使.被( (他人)做”。例如：If you dont get OUt of my house， I ll have you arrested如果不離開我的房子，我就讓人把你抓起來。注意：have sb do， have sb doing， have sb st h done還可以表示“經歷某個事件或行動，遭遇”( (句子的主語不是動作的執行者 )。例如：He had his left hand cut off when operating the machine

10、他在操作這種機器時左手被切掉了。ItS lovely to have people smile at you in the street 在街上，人們沖你微笑是件非常愉快的事。The boss had the workers working all through the night老板讓工人徹夜工作。6.look, seem 和 appear(1)look 強調由視覺得出的印象， 意為“看上去， 看起來”。7例如：He looks very strong.他看上去很強壯。(2) seem 表示根據某種情況、 狀態或跡象所作出的判斷， 這 種判斷可靠性較大。例如：It seems as tho

11、ugh theres no way out of our difficulty . 似乎沒有辦法擺脫我們的困境。(3)appear 表示外表給人的印象，這種印象可能是靠不住 的、虛假的。例如：He appears to be your friend but I doubt if he is . 他看起來像你的朋友，但我懷疑他是否真是。注意： (1)look 常用結構： look+adj .v. -ed，look+n.；look+介詞短語； look as if。(2)seem 常用結構； seem+分詞/ adj. , seem+n. , seem+ 介語短語； seem to do It s

12、eems that 從句；It seems as if 從句。三、 高頻動詞短語1. get詞組get about至 U 處走動；活動get across 橫過；使渡過，使明白8get along/on with通常用進行時進展；相處get away 離去，離開get down to 靜下心來；處理，從事get it 了解；受罰；懂了get over 爬過，越過 ，康復get through使（某人）理解；完成，接通電話get rid of 擺脫get across使通過清楚使被理解get sth across to sb被理解1. （使）越過，（使）渡過；（使）橫穿馬路:Its so muc

13、h safer to get across the road at the traffic lights.在有交通紅綠燈的地方橫穿馬路要安全得多。2. （使）被了解；講清楚，讓聽懂：He taught me how to get my ideas across.他教我如何把自己的觀點表達清楚。3. 英國口語 觸犯，冒犯；使生氣，使惱火：Take care not to get across the director,he could have youdismissed.9小心別惹經理生氣，他會把你開除。get through1. （使）通過：The woman was so fat that

14、she couldnt get through the doorway.這女人胖得連門都通不過。2. （使）通過考試； （使）達到標準：John has got through the examination. 約翰已經通過考試了。3. （使）通過法案 （或議案等 ）：Buy now before the tax increase gets through next week! 在下周的增稅法案通過前，現在就購買吧 !4. （電話等）打通，接通；給 接通電話：10The operator finally got me through.接線員最終給我接通了電話get over:從（不快或疾病中）

15、恢復過來1. If you get over an unpleasant or unhappy experienee or anill ness, you recover from it.It took me a very long time to get over the shock of her death.得知她去世的消息我驚愕不已，很長時間才緩過勁來。克服，戰勝（問題、困難）2. If you get over a problem or difficulty, you overcome it.How would they get over that problem, he won de

16、red?他們會怎么解決那個問題？他尋思著。get dow n to1.認真對待；認真處理；專心做:The task isnt as difficult as it seems when you really get dow n to it.在你真正認真做這項工作時，它并不像看上去那樣困難。iiGet down to:開始認真考慮；著手處理1. But really, once you get down to it, theres reallgnly the first reas on.但實際上，當你去香港之后就會發現，其實原因只有第一種。2. But whe n things get dow

17、n to bus in ess on the first day, Iam not so con fide nt thisweek will be paradise.當第一天開始著手處理事務時，我就知道這將一定不會是天堂 般快活的一周。3. Many of us take the time to customize these options, beca use wehave certa in prefere ncesfor what we like to see when we first get down to browsing.我們當中的許多人可能都會去自定義這些選項，因為我們在每次坐下

18、來瀏覽互聯網的時候都有自己喜歡想要去瀏覽的東 西練習題:1. How are you getting_ your English?2. The bank robbers used a stolen car to get_ .3. Before I could get_ a word he had measured me,and was giving orders for evening suits, .124. If you knocks into someone, or get _ his way, yousays, excuse me. or Im sorry.5. when you ar

19、e in london, you mightget_ _a frie ndof mi ne.6. If you dont want to go, I suppose Ican get_ the ticket.7. we all try to get_ at least oncea year atChristmas time.8. It took us only four minutes to get_ thecustoms（海關）.進展逃脫插話擋了某人的路與某人取得聯系，保持1. get along with2. get away3. get in a word4. get in ones w

20、ay5. get in touch with sb.聯系6. get rid of7. get together8. get through13除掉，去掉相聚，碰頭通過2. give 詞組give away 贈送（禮物）；頒發（獎品）；泄露（秘密）give back 恢復；歸還give sb. a hand 幫忙give in 上交，讓步give off發出，放出（氣體/液體/氣味）give out分發，用完，耗盡give sb. a ring（phone call） 打電話給某人give away:送掉；贈送；分發（獎品）：Joh n gave all his possessi ons aw

21、ay and became a monk.約翰把他所有的家產都送了人，出家為僧。We have in vited a famous actor to give away the prizes.我們邀請了一位著名演員頒發獎品。（有意、無意地）泄露（情報、秘密等）：Please dont give my secret away!14請不要說出我的秘密！give短語練習1. In those days, he used to give_ a part ofhis income to help his friend.2. Both sides argued with reason, and neith

22、er wouldgive_.3. If they are burned, they give_ poisonousgases.4. when they made ready to climb the next ridge（山脊）， they found that their oxygen had given5. Both the man and horse gave_after the longride.6. All hope of finding the missing aircraft wasgiven_and the search stopped.7. Mary had to give_

23、her job after hermarriage.1. give away贈送，給予2. give in投降，讓步，屈服153. give off發出，放出4. give out用完，耗盡5. give out力竭6. give up放棄7. give up辭去3. go 詞組go after/ for追逐，追求go against違反，反對go back to追溯到go bad 變質 go ahead開始，繼續go in for從事，愛好go out（燈、火）熄滅go over檢查，復習go through穿過，通過go with 和.相配；伴隨go 詞組1. please dont go

24、_ it till youveseen me again.2. they went_ their open-airperformance in spite of the rain.3. put more wood on the fire, otherwise it will go4. the mechanic（技師）wentthe engine butfound nothing wrong.5. they wenttheir lessons together at night.6. the bullet（子彈）wentthe wall.7. the police went_ very room

25、 of the building.1. go ahead with進繼續進行，推進，前2. go ahead取得進展3. go out燈，火熄滅4. go over檢查5. go over復習6. go through穿過，通過16174. keep 詞組keep a diary 記日記keep back 阻止.向前keep busy doing sth不停地做某事keep in touch with 與.保持聯系keep doing繼續不停地做某事keep on doing繼續不停地做某事（強調動作的重復）keep fit保持健康keepfrom阻止/防止.做keepin mind f 己住

26、keep one s word/ promise 遵守諾言keep off the grass 勿踏草地keep out 不得入內keepout 擋住，留在外面keep up 繼續；保持，堅持keep up with 跟上7. go through仔細檢查，查看18keep watch守望，值班，放哨5 look 詞組look after 照顧，照料look around about 四處看看，四下環顧look back 回頭看；回顧look down upon（o n）看不起，輕視look forward to 盼望，期待look into 朝.看去；調查look onas把.看作.look

27、 out 當心，小心，留神look through 瀏覽，翻閱；溫習；仔細查看；透過.看look up 查尋，查閱；抬頭看7 make 詞組make a decision 作決定make a（no）difference 重要 （不重要 ）makeinto 把. 制成be made of 用某種原材料制成 （能看出原材料 ） be made from用某種原材料制成 （看不出原材料 ） make one s way 往. 去19make out辨認出；理解；填寫make up化妝；配制；組成；編造，虛構；和解make up(for) 彌補，補充，補償make(full/good)use of 充

28、分) )利用maketo one s own measur e 照某人的尺寸去做 make upone s mind 下決心make fun of 取笑，嘲笑，和.開玩笑8put 詞組put aside把. 放在一邊；儲蓄put away放好，收起來；儲存put an end to 結束put back把(鐘)撥慢；推遲；阻礙put down撲滅，平息，鎮壓；放下put forward 提出put into 插入；譯成put off延期，拖延put on上演；穿戴20put on weight 發胖put out 熄滅，撲滅；生產put sbto the trouble of 麻煩某人做put

29、 up 掛起，張貼；舉起，抬起；建造，搭起；為某人提供 膳宿put up with 忍受，容忍 put ones heart into 用心去做 9set詞組be set in以.為背景set about doing 著手，開始做 set off起程，出發；引爆set out出發，動身setdoing使.開始做set up 創立，設立，建立；豎起，支起 set fire(to)放火set sb free釋放set an example tO sb. 給.樹立榜樣10 take 詞組 take away 帶走，拿走take charge(of) 負責；掌管 take down拿下；記下；拆毀ta

30、ke off 起飛； 脫掉 takeinto consideration 考慮 take place發生；舉行，舉辦 takesth. seriously 認真對待21take up 從事；占據；拿起take care of 照顧take in 接受；吸收；欺騙take great trouble to do sth.不辭辛勞做某事take it easy另 U 急take on a new look 呈現新的面貌take one s place 取代某人的位置take over 接管take sb. / sth. by mistake 錯拿；錯把.當作take sth. for grante

31、d 想當然take the place of 代替take your time 另 U 急，慢慢來目錄* *釋義*權威詞典*用法例句* *go toptake up拿起；開始從事；占據（時間，地方）占去Take up 開始從事占據拿起221.拿起，撿起，舉起，拔起；拿走：She took up the receiver and began to dial the number.她拿起聽筒開始撥電話號碼。They took up arms and fought for their faith and liberty.他們拿起武器為信仰和自由而斗爭。2.占用，占（地方）：All available

32、 accommodation were taken up.房間都住滿了。3.占去（地方、時間、注意力等）；費（時間）；占據（注意力）：Im sorry Ive already taken up so much of your valuable time.對不起，我占了你這么多寶貴時間。The piano takes up too much space.這架鋼琴占地方太多。The whole of my time is taken up with trifles.我的所有時間都被瑣事占去了 。開始從事 （一項事業、一種職業等 ），學習 （某種知識、技能等 ）23He dropped medic

33、ine and took up physics.開始學物理。For a long time I had wan ted to take up writi ng.來我一直想從事寫作。She took up the study of English 4 years ago.她四年前開始學英語。He has taken up stamp-collecting as a hobby.他已經有了集郵這個愛好繼續。女口：We took up our journey the next day.第二天我們繼續趕路。This chapter takes up where the last one left off.本章接續上一章談到的內容。take in 。理解。如: We find it difficult to take in what he teaches.們發現他教的東西很難理解。