1、咼中英語語法專題主謂一致Made By Jason1主謂一致英語中的一致主要包括主語和謂語在人稱和單復數上的一致、時態一致、名詞和其代詞一致。謂語動詞的形式必須隨著主語單復數形式的變化而變化。高考英語中主要以完形填空和語法填空的形式， 同時可能會結合其他語法點比如非謂語動詞和復合句等來考查。一、主謂一致的三原則主謂一致一般要遵循三個原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近原則。（一） 語法一致原則主語和謂語通常是從語法形式上取得一致， 即主語是單數形式，謂語動詞也采用單數形式；主語是復數形式，謂語動詞也采用復數形式。Joli n has made great success with so ma

2、ny years going on.Jolin 是單數形式，謂語動詞 have 也應當用單數形式 hasThe Joli ns are very fond of singing .the Jolins 指一家人，表示復數，謂語動詞be 也應當用復數形式 areo（二） 意義一致原則意義一致原則是指從意義著眼來處理主謂一致問題。 有時候主語在形式上是 單數形式，但是其意義是負數，謂語動詞根據意義而定，采用復數形式。The sin ger and artist is holdi ng a con cert called land blue”歌星和大藝術家是同一個人，是單數。The old are

3、very well take n care of in our city.the old 指所有老年人，指一類人，是復數。（三） 就近原則就近原則是指謂語動詞的變化以靠近謂語動詞的主語部分而定。Lin li n or you are supposed to get into the hole.You 是最靠近謂語動詞的主語部分，因此be 動詞應當用復數形式的 are=二、主謂一致的詳細講解（一）代詞作主語1 .不定代詞 either, neither, each, one, the other，another 以及復合不定代詞 someone,somebod 等作主語，謂語動詞用單數。Some

4、 one has parked the car on the street.One is from the USA and the other two are from the UK.2.不定代詞 none 作主語時如果指人或者可數的物，指數目，謂語動詞單復數均 可；如咼中英語語法專題主謂一致Made By Jason2果指不可數名詞，指量，謂語動詞用單數。None of the stude nts have/has made the mistakes this time.Jimmy has used up all the mon ey. None is left.3. all（單獨作主語）指

5、人時，謂語動詞用復數，指物時，謂語動詞用單數。All are prese nt at the meet ing.All is going on very well.4.由 each 修飾的名詞作主語時， 謂語動詞用單數。Each 位于復數主語后或者句 尾作同位語時，不影響謂語動詞的單復數形式。Each stude nt has a walkma n which helps them improve their liste ning.They each have won the first prize.=They have won the first prize each.5. neither

6、of 和 either of 加復數名詞或者代詞作主語，謂語動詞用單復數均可。Either of the story is/are in teresti ngNeither of us has/have received the postcard.6. such 作主語時謂語動詞的單復數形式應當根據其意義而定。Such is Stephe n Hawing , who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.Such are the difficulties that we are faced with.7. 疑問代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應當

7、根據其實際意義來判斷單復數。Who is the girl over there?Who are the girls over there?Which is your book, this one or that one?Which are your books, these or those?8. 關系代詞作主語，其人稱和數的變化隨先行詞而定。參加定語從句講義。Those who have see n the film please put up your han ds.The man who is speaking at the meeting is our chairman.注意三種結構

8、： one of, the only o，not the only of 加名詞或者代詞結構中的定語從句的單復數。參見定語從句講義。（二）名詞作主語1.集體名詞作主語咼中英語語法專題主謂一致Made By Jason3（1）people, cattle, polices 有復數概念的集體名詞，謂語動詞用復數。（2）audience, army, class, company, enemy, family, group, public, government,population 等集體名詞作主語，若作為一個主體，謂語動詞用單數；若著眼于成員或者個體，謂語動詞用復數。His family was

9、 the largest among the whole village.My family are going on a trip this summer.（3） equipment, furniture, baggage, machinery, clothing, jeweller 等表示某一類 物品總稱的集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。（因為這些詞是不可數名詞。）2. 單復數同形的詞作主語，謂語動詞單復數根據其意義而定。means, fish, sheep, deer, crossroads, series, species, wO 工廠）Each means has bee n tr

10、ied to solve the problem.There are various of means to solve the problem.（1） work 與 workswork 表示“工作”，不可數名詞，謂語動詞永遠用單數。work 表示“作品”，可數名詞，謂語動詞用單數；復數形式是 works，謂語 動詞用復數。works 表示“工廠”，單復數同形。謂語動詞視其句子中的意義而定。（2） a series of + n 和 a species of +n 作主語，謂語動詞用單數。3.以 s 結尾的由兩部分組成的表示衣物或者工具的名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數。如:glasses, sho

11、es, boots, pants, chopsticks, scissors, socks, stockings, ti 等 users但是前面有“a pair of”或者“pairs of”修飾時，謂語動詞與 pair 保持一致。4.以 s 結尾的學科作主語，謂語動詞用單數。如：politics, physics, mathematics5. 以 s 結尾的海峽、山脈、群島和表示時間、距離、長度、價值、金額、重量 等 的復數名詞作主語，常被看做整體，謂語動詞用單數。Twenty years has passed.A hun dred miles is a long way.（三）含有修飾語的

12、名詞的主謂一致1. a number of 和 the number of咼中英語語法專題主謂一致Made By Jason4a number of +復數名詞，表示“很多”，謂語動詞用復數； the number of +復數名詞，表示“.的數量”，謂語動詞用單數。2. some, plenty of , a lot of, lots of 等既可以修飾可數名詞，也可以修飾不可數名 詞，其謂語動詞單復數根據所修飾的詞而定。Some people work to live while some people live to work.A lot of work is to be done to

13、 prepare for the conference.3. 主語含有 quantity,謂語動詞單復數看 quantitya quantity of +可數名詞/不可數名詞，謂語動詞用單數 quantities of +可數名詞/不可數名詞，謂語動詞用復數4. most of, the rest, the rest of, part, part of 乍主語，謂語動詞應根據所修飾的名 詞或者代詞而定。Part of his story was not true.Part of the teachers are from En gla nd.5. 百分數，分數+of+名詞作主語，謂語動詞根據

14、of 后的名詞決定單復數。50% of the land is now suitable to grow crops.20% of the people object to the new law.注意一個例外：當用“one in”或者“one out of表示幾分之一時，謂語動詞不看 of 后的名 詞，只用單數。It is reported that one in ten people suffers from lung cancer. One out of twenty wasbadly damaged.6. “ the majority of +復數名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用復數。“ th

15、e majority ”單獨作主語，謂語動詞既可以用單數也可以用復數。The majority of boys like football.The majority were/was in favor of the proposal.7. “a kind of , this kind of , many kinds of 名詞”作主語，謂語動詞與 of 后的名 詞保持數的一致。（kind 可以替換成 sort，type，form）8. “ more than one +單數名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用單數。“more +復數名詞+ than one”作主語，謂語動詞用復數。More than on

16、e person was injured in the accident.More members tha n one are aga inst the proposal.咼中英語語法專題主謂一致Made By Jason59. “many a +單數名詞”作主語，謂語用單數。Many a stude nt has failed in the exam.10. “ one or two +復數名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用復數。“a/an +單數名詞+ or two”作主語，謂語動詞用單數。One or two days are eno ugh for the work.A day or two i

17、s eno ugh for the work.（四）并列結構作主語的主謂一致咼中英語語法專題主謂一致Made By Jason61. and 問題(1) bothand 作主語，謂語用復數。(2) and 連接人名或者人稱代詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數。(3) 兩個名詞共用一個冠詞，用 and 連接，表示同一人、同一事或者同意概念， 謂語用單數。The sin ger and the dancer are to atte nd the party 歌 星和舞蹈家都會參加派對。 Thesin ger and dancer is to atte nd the party.那個歌星兼舞蹈家會參加派對。

18、常見表示同一概念的短語：bread and butter 面包黃油 a horse and cart 一套馬車 a knife and fork 一副刀叉 acup and saucer 一套茶盤(4) every +單數名詞 + and + every + 單數名詞each +單數名詞 + and + each +單數名詞 no +單數名詞 + and +no + 單數名詞 many a +單數名詞 + and + many a + 單數名詞2. eitheror,neithernor，not onlybut also，notbut，or 作主 語，謂語動詞采取就近原則。Neither yo

19、u nor your mother is right.You, he, or I am right.Not only he but also I am right.Is either he or you right?3. 主語后面有 with, together with, along with, as well as , like , such as , rather than ,besides , including , in addition to , excep 等詞修飾，謂語動詞不受這些詞 影響。I as well as you am to blame for break ing t

20、he win dow.(五)動名詞短語，不定式短語，名詞性從句充當句子主語時，謂語動詞用單數。Tran slati ng the books is not so easy.To see is to believe.he said is right.1.and 連接的不定式、動名詞或者從句作主語，謂語動詞應當根據句子的單復數 概念決定用單數還是復數。When to hold the meeting and where to hold are two things.Going to bed early and getting up early is good habit.謂語動詞用單數咼中英語語法專題主謂一致Made By Jason72.what 引導的主語從句，謂語動詞一般用單數形式，但若從句后的表語是負數形 式或者從句本身表示復數意義，則謂語動詞用復數形式。What they n eed are books.比較： What they need is more money.（六）其他情況1. 四則運算：相加、相乘，謂語動詞單復數均可。相減、相除，謂語動詞用單數。Fiftee n and fiftee n