1、杭州職業技術學院 畢業設計論文題 目 彩燈控制電路的設計系 別 信息電子系 專 業 應用電子技術 班 級 學 號 姓 名 指導教師 2011年5 月10 日目錄第1章概述3課題的背景與意義3總體設計方案4第2章硬件電路設計5單機片最小系統5按鍵控制電路6中斷電路62.4 LED顯示電路7單機片的介紹8第3章軟件設計11軟件設計思路11軟件設計流程12參考文獻13附錄A 課題設計電路原理圖14附錄B 課程設計系統程序15致 謝22彩燈控制電路設計【摘要】 本文介紹了一種由16個LED發光二極管組成多功能發光形式的簡易彩燈控制系統的軟硬件設計過程，方案以AT89C51單片機作為主控核心， 且以復位

2、電路、時鐘電路、按鍵電路、中斷電路以及彩燈顯示電路組成，利用軟件編程燒錄程序到單片機來實現對LED彩燈進行多樣控制。該控制電路能完成多種閃燈模式以及隨意變換想要的閃爍方式和控制彩燈的閃爍頻率等功能。該系統具有電路結構簡單、易操作、硬件少、體積少、本錢低、能耗低等優點，有一定的實用價值。【關鍵詞】8051單片機，LED彩燈，控制系統，閃爍方式第1章 概述現代化生活當中彩燈控制電路的應用越來越受到人們的喜歡，因為其不僅能美化環境，渲染氣氛，還可以用于娛樂場所和電子玩具、廣告牌當中等，因此我們選擇了4種不同方式控制點亮16個LED發光二極管的彩燈控制電路設計作為畢業課題，利用本人在大學期間所學的模擬

3、電子技術、通訊電路、語言程序設計等一些課程的知識進行了這次畢業課題設計與制作，這次設計能在很大程度上提高了我們個人的學以致用能力和實際獨立操作能力，不管是對知識的運用還是對論文的撰寫方面都有了很大的提高，同時也為了我們以后踏上社途工作開展打下了良好的根底。彩燈控制電路的設計，其電路設計品種多樣，工作電壓范圍寬，功耗低，外圍元件少，因此適用于現實生活中多種電子產品的開發設計與制作。此課題設計的作品不能為了只追求“跳躍而給人凌亂的感覺，不管采用何種色彩、何種圖案，都應該聚而不散，且有順序的漸變和跳躍，給觀眾一種主次感、秩序感，也方便于群眾順著有規律的節奏接著看第二遍、第三遍。在設計制作時，既要給人

4、帶來變換的吸引力，又要顯得主次清楚，沒有色彩和圖案凌亂的感覺。變換、閃爍、跳躍式的彩燈為市場促進了銷售，為生活營造了多姿多彩的氣氛，因此，越來越受到人們的肯定、重視、歡送。設計思路: 本方案這要是通過對基于單片機的多控制、多閃爍方式的LED彩燈循環系統的設計，來到達本設計的要求。本課題設計的總體框圖如下列圖1-2所示圖1-2 系統總體設計框圖系統設計如下：此設計方案中單片機的P1口接4路按鍵控制電路，實現彩燈閃爍方式的切換功能；單片機的P3.3引腳接上一個按鍵開關以實現對彩燈中斷的控制；單片機上的P0和P2口接16路LED發光二極管組成彩燈顯示電路，實現多種形式的閃爍功能。第二章 硬件電路設計

5、要使單片機工作起來，最根本的電路構成由單片機、時鐘電路、復位電路等組成。單片機最小系統由復位電路和時鐘信號電路組成如圖2-1。復位電路：確定單片機工作的起始狀態，完成單片機的啟動過程。單片機系統的復位方式有上電自動復位和手動按鍵復位。本設計采用上電自動復位。單片機最小系統還有一塊模塊叫時鐘電路。時鐘電路由一個晶振和兩個小電容組成，用來產生時鐘頻率。AT89C51單片機芯片內部有一個反向放大器構成的振蕩器，XTAL1和XTAL2分別為振蕩器電路的輸入端和輸出端，時鐘可由內部和外部生成，在XTAL1和XTAL2引腳上外接定時元件，內部振蕩電路就會產生自激振蕩。系統采用的定時元件為石英晶體和電容組成

6、的并聯諧振回路。晶振頻率選擇12MHz，電容值取30PF,電容的大小頻率起微調的作用。復位電路時鐘電路圖2-1 單片機最小系統圖按鍵控制電路如圖2-2是由4個按鍵開關構成的。他們分別接在單片機AT89C51的P1.0P1.3引腳上，為了一對一方式控制16個LED彩燈的不同閃爍形式。當按下開關key1時，16個LED發光二極管閃爍第一種彩燈方式；當按下開關key2時，16個LED發光二極管閃爍第二種彩燈方式；同理，當按下開關key3時，16個LED發光二極管閃爍第三種彩燈方式；當按下開關key4時，16個LED發光二極管閃爍第四種彩燈方式。key3key2key4key1圖2-2 按鍵控制電路圖

7、路單片機的P3.3引腳街上一個按鍵開關以實現對彩燈中斷的控制如圖2-3。當彩燈系統正在實現無論哪一種控制方式時，按下中斷開關使過程終止，16個LED發光二極管同時會處于熄滅狀態，停止當前工作；當再次按一下中斷開關時，彩燈系統會繼續進行工作，閃光方式會與中斷之前的方式一樣。如圖2-3 中斷控制電路圖2.4 LED顯示電路流水燈采用的是發光二極管Light-Emitting Diode，簡稱LED，是一種將電能轉換為光能的半導體器件，具有體積小、耗電低的優點，常被用作微型計算機與數字電路的輸出裝置。當LED兩端加上一定的正向電壓，使之流過一定的工作電流就會發光，其亮度隨流過的電流增加而增加，但電流

8、過大LED的壽命也將縮短。普通LED正向電流一般為520mA。由于51 的I/O 是弱上拉的方式，在輸出高電平時，只能輸出幾十微安的電流，而在輸出低電平時，I/O最大可以輸入幾十毫安的電流。所以，通常采用灌電流的方式，即電流從電源經LED流向I/O口。為了不讓流過LED的電流太大而把它燒壞，還得串上限流電阻R，當P0和P2口輸出高電平+5V時，LED兩端沒有電壓降，所以熄滅；當P0和P2口輸出低電平即P0/P2=0時, LED正向導通發光。此時LED兩端電壓VD約為1.7V，那么限流電阻R兩端將存在3.3V即5-1.7=3.3V。查閱AT89C51技術手冊后發現，單個I/O口的輸入電流不能超過

9、10mA；P0口的輸入電流總和不能超過26mA；P1、P2、P3的輸入電流總和不能超過15mA；所有I/O口的輸入電流總和不能超過71mA。如圖2-4圖2-4 led顯示電路圖AT89C51管腳圖如下列圖2-5所示圖2-5 AT89C51引腳排列VCC：供電電壓+5V。GND：接地。P0口：P0口為一個8位漏級開路雙向I/O口，每腳可吸收8TTL門電流。當P1口的管腳第一次寫1時，被定義為高阻輸入。P0能夠用于外部程序數據存儲器，它可以被定義為數據/地址的第八位。在FIASH編程時，P0口作為原碼輸入口，當FIASH進行校驗時，P0輸出原碼，此時P0外部必須被拉高。本系統中P0口接LED數碼管

10、的段選段。 P1口：P1口是一個內部提供上拉電阻的8位雙向I/O口，P1口緩沖器能接收輸出4TTL門電流。P1口管腳寫入1后，被內部上拉為高，可用作輸入，P1口被外部下拉為低電平時，將輸出電流，這是由于內部上拉的緣故。在FLASH編程和校驗時，P1口作為第八位地址接收7。P2口：P2口為一個內部上拉電阻的8位雙向I/O口，P2口緩沖器可接收，輸出4個TTL門電流，當P2口被寫“1”時，其管腳被內部上拉電阻拉高，且作為輸入。并因此作為輸入時，P2口的管腳被外部拉低，將輸出電流。這是由于內部上拉的緣故。P2口當用于外部程序存儲器或16位地址外部數據存儲器進行存取時，P2口輸出地址的高八位。在給出地

11、址“1”時，它利用內部上拉優勢，當對外部八位地址數據存儲器進行讀寫時，P2口輸出其特殊功能存放器的內容。P2口在FLASH編程和校驗時接收高八位地址信號和控制信號。本系統中語音芯片ISD1420的地址端接P2口。P3口：P3口是8個帶內部上拉電阻的雙向I/O口，可接收輸出4個TTL門電流。當P3口寫入“1”后，它們被內部上拉為高電平，并用作輸入。作為輸入，由于外部下拉為低電平，P3口將輸出電流，這是由于上拉的緣故。P3口也可作為AT89C51的一些特殊功能口，如表2.5所示。P3口同時為閃爍編程和編程校驗接收一些控制信號。表P3口的第二功能口管腳備選功能信號名稱RXD串行輸入口TXD串行輸出口

12、/INT0外部中斷0/INT1外部中斷1T0記時器0外部輸入T1記時器1外部輸入/WR外部數據存儲器寫選通/RD外部數據存儲器讀選通RST：復位輸入。當振蕩器復位器件時，要保持RST腳兩個機器周期的高電平時間。ALE/PROG：當訪問外部存儲器時，地址鎖存允許的輸出電平用于鎖存地址的地位字節。在平時，ALE端以不變的頻率周期輸出正脈沖信號，此頻率為振蕩器頻率的1/6。因此它可用作對外部輸出的脈沖或用于定時目的。然而要注意的是：每當用作外部數據存儲器時，將跳過一個ALE脈沖。如想禁止ALE的輸出可在SFR8EH地址上置0。此時， ALE只有在執行MOVX，MOVC指令是ALE才起作用。另外，該引

13、腳被略微拉高。如果微處理器在外部執行狀態ALE禁止，置位無效。PSEN：外部程序存儲器的選通信號。在由外部程序存儲器取指期間，每個機器周期兩次/PSEN有效。在訪問外部數據存儲器時，這兩次有效的PSEN信號將不出現。EA/VPP：當/EA保持低電平時，那么在此期間外部程序存儲器0000H-FFFFH，不管是否有內部程序存儲器。注意加密方式1時，EA將內部鎖定為RESET；當EA端保持高電平時，此間內部程序存儲器。在本設計中，對ROM的讀操作只在內部程序存儲器中，所以EA置應高電平。XTAL1：反向振蕩放大器的輸入及內部時鐘工作電路的輸入。XTAL2：來自反向振蕩器的輸出8。第三章 軟件設計單片

14、機的應用系統由硬件和軟件組成，上述硬件各電路搭建完成后，我們還不能看到多控制、多閃爍方式的LED燈系統循環點亮的現象，我們還需要告訴單片機怎么樣進行控制，即編寫程序控制單片機管腳電平的上下變化，來實現發光二極管的閃爍。軟件編程是多控制、多閃爍方式的LED燈系統中的一個重要的組成局部，是本設計的重點和難點。所以我來闡述多控制、多閃爍方式的LED燈系統是如何實現16個LED燈的循環點亮，來介紹實現流水燈控制的軟件編程方法。本設計是以單片機AT89C51為核心控制16個發光二極管4種閃爍方式的變換。硬件電路如圖附錄A所示，16個發光二極管分別接在單片機的P0和P“0時，發光二極管點亮，當輸出“1時，

15、發光二極管熄滅。同理，接在P0和P2口的其他15個LED的點亮和熄滅的方法同。因此，要實現流水燈功能，我們只要將發光二極管按照不同方式依次點亮、熄滅，16只LED燈便會一亮一暗的成流水燈了。程序設計流程如圖3-2。圖3-2 程序設計流程圖參考文獻1. 曹天漢，?模擬電子技術?，北京師范大學出版社 2005年 8月2. 侯玉寶、陳忠平、李成群，?基于Proteus的51系列單片機設計與仿真?電子工業出版社 2021年9月3. 曹天漢、錢衛星、張雪娟，?單片機原理與接口技術?第3版，電子工業出版社2021年3月4. 李全利 ，?單片機原理與接口技術?M，高等教育出版社 2006年12月5. 李忠國

16、、陳剛 ，?單片機應用技能實訓?，人民郵電出版社 2006年附錄A 課題設計電路原理圖附錄B 課程設計系統程序#include<reg51.h>#define uint unsigned int#define uchar unsigned charconst tab1=0xFE,0xFD,0xFB,0xF7,0xEF,0xDF,0xBF,0x7F;const tab2=0xFF,0xFE,0xFC,0xF8,0xF0,0xE0,0xC0,0x80,0x00;const tab3=0xFF,0x7F,0x3F,0x1F,0x0F,0x07,0x03,0x01,0x00;const t

17、ab4=0xFF,0xFE,0xFA,0xEA,0xAA,0x2A,0x0A,0x02,0x00; /1,3,5,7const tab5=0xFF,0x7F,0x5F,0x57,0x55,0x54,0x50,0x40,0x00; /2,4,6,8uchar key=0;uchar state=0;uchar stateTemp=0;uchar flag=0;void delay(uint n)/延時uint i;for(i=0;i<n;i+);void fun1(void)P0=0x00;P2=0x00;delay(30000);P0=0xff;P2=0xff;delay(30000);

18、 void fun2(void)uchar i;for(i=0;i<8;i+)/向上逐次單個點亮P2=tab17-i;delay(10000);if(state!=2)P0=0xFF;P2=0xFF;return;P2=0xFF;for(i=0;i<8;i+)P0=tab17-i;delay(10000);if(state!=2)P0=0xFF;P2=0xFF;return;P0=0xFF;for(i=0;i<8;i+) /向下逐次單個點亮P0=tab1i;delay(10000);if(state!=2)P0=0xFF;P2=0xFF;return;P0=0xFF;for(

19、i=0;i<8;i+)P2=tab1i;delay(10000);if(state!=2)P0=0xFF;P2=0xFF;return;P2=0xFF;void fun3(void)uchar i;for(i=0;i<9;i+)P0=tab4i;P2=tab5i;delay(25000);if(state!=3)P0=0xFF;P2=0xFF;return;for(i=0;i<3;i+)P0=0xAA;P2=0xAA;delay(20000);P0=0x55;P2=0x55;delay(20000);if(state!=3)P0=0xFF;P2=0xFF;return;for

20、(i=0;i<9;i+)P0=tab48-i;P2=tab58-i;delay(25000);if(state!=3)P0=0xFF;P2=0xFF;return; void fun4(void)uchar i;for(i=0;i<9;i+) /向上逐個點亮P2=tab3i;delay(10000);if(state!=4)P0=0xFF;P2=0xFF;return;for(i=0;i<9;i+)P0=tab3i;delay(10000);if(state!=4)P0=0xFF;P2=0xFF;return;for(i=0;i<9;i+)/向下逐個熄滅P0=tab38

21、-i;delay(10000);if(state!=4)P0=0xFF;P2=0xFF;return;P0=0xFF;for(i=0;i<9;i+)P2=tab38-i;delay(10000);if(state!=4)P0=0xFF;P2=0xFF;return;P2=0xFF;for(i=0;i<9;i+) /向下逐個點亮P0=tab2i;delay(10000);if(state!=4)P0=0xFF;P2=0xFF;return;for(i=0;i<9;i+)P2=tab2i;delay(10000);if(state!=4)P0=0xFF;P2=0xFF;retur

22、n;for(i=0;i<9;i+) /向上逐個熄滅P2=tab28-i;delay(10000);if(state!=4)P0=0xFF;P2=0xFF;return;P2=0xFF;for(i=0;i<9;i+)P0=tab28-i;delay(10000);if(state!=4)P0=0xFF;P2=0xFF;return;P0=0xFF; void timer0(void)interrupt 1 using 1TL0= 0x00;/重置初值TH0 = 0xBE;TL0 = 0xE5;key=P1;switch(key)case 0xFE:state=1;stateTemp=

23、1;break;case 0xFD:state=2;stateTemp=2;break;case 0xFB:state=3;stateTemp=3;break;case 0xF7:state=4;stateTemp=4;break;default:break;void _int()interrupt 2 using 2 if(flag=0) state=5; flag|=1; else state=stateTemp; flag&=0; void main() IT1=1;IE|=0x86;TMOD= 0x21;TH0 = 0xBE;TL0 = 0xE5;ES = 0;/禁止串口中斷T

24、R0 = 1;/開啟定時器0，開始定時while(1)switch(state)case 1:fun1();break;case 2:fun2();break;case 3:fun3();break;case 4:fun4();break;case 5:P0=0xFF;P2=0xFF;break;default:break;致 謝在本設計中，遇到了不少的技術問題，憑本人現有的水平是無法解決的，都是通過同學和老師的精心指導，幫我解決了不解之惑，才使我能夠順利的完本錢設計。在此，特別感謝老師以及各位同學在我畢業設計中所做出的指導和幫助。也感謝大學三年來所有的教過我的老師，傳授給我專業知識的同時教會

25、了我如何做人。我今天所擁有的專業知識，是他們辛勤耕耘的結果。是他們把我領進了電子信息系統這個專業領域，使我有了前進的方向，將來我還會繼續在這一領域進行研究，不管我走多遠，你們的教導我始終記在心里。您好，為你提供優秀的畢業論文參考資料，請您刪除以下內容，O(_)O謝謝！A large group of tea merchants on camels and horses from Northwest China's Shaanxi province pass through a stop on the ancient Silk Road, Gansu's Zhangye city

26、 during their journey to Kazakhstan, May 5, 2021. The caravan, consisting of more than 100 camels, three horse-drawn carriages and four support vehicles, started the trip from Jingyang county in Shaanxi on Sept 19, 2021. It will pass through Gansu province and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and f

27、inally arrive in Almaty, formerly known as Alma-Ata, the largest city in Kazakhstan, and Dungan in Zhambyl province. The trip will cover about 15,000 kilometers and take the caravan more than one year to complete. The caravan is expected to return to Jingyang in March 2021. Then they will come back,

28、 carrying specialty products from Kazakhstan A small art troupe founded six decades ago has grown into a household name in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. In the 1950s, Ulan Muqir Art Troupe was created by nine young musicians, who toured remote villages on horses and performed traditional Mon

29、golian music and dances for nomadic families. The 54-year-old was born in Tongliao, in eastern Inner Mongolia and joined the troupe in 1975.He says there are 74 branch troupes across Inner Mongolia and actors give around 100 shows every year to local nomadic people. "I can still recall the days

30、 when I toured with the troupe in the early '80s. We sat on the back of pickup trucks for hours. The sky was blue, and we couldn't help but sing the folk songs," Nasun says. The vastness of Inner Mongolia and the lack of entertainment options for people living there, made their lives lo

31、nely. "The nomadic people were very excited about our visits," Nasun recalls. "We didn't have a formal stage. The audience just sat on the grass. Usually, the performances became a big party with local people joining in." For him, the rewarding part about touring isn't ju

32、st about sharing art with nomadic families but also about gaining inspiration for the music and dance. Ulan Muqir literally translates as "red burgeon", and today's performers of the troupe still tour the region's villages and entertain nomadic families, but their fame has spread a

33、round the world. On May 16 and 17, nearly 100 singers and dancers from the troupe performed at Beijing's Poly Theater. Their show, titled Ulan Muqir on the Grassland, depicted the history and development of the art troupe. "Being from the region allowed me to embrace the culture of Inner Mo

34、ngolia and being a member of the troupe showed me where I belonged," Nasun, the art troupe's president, who is also a renowned tenor, tells China Daily. During a tour in 1985, he went to a village and met an elderly local man, who told him a story about his friendship with a solider from Sh

35、enyang, capital of Northeast China's Liaoning province, decades ago. The solider gave the old man a handmade saddle when they bid farewell. The story inspired Nasun to write Carved Saddle, a song that later became one of his most popular numbers. Now, every year, Nasun recruits young singers and

36、 dancers for the troupe. The troupe has also designed a new repertoire, which is mostly based on the daily lives of Mongolian people, especially the lives of nomadic families, and has combined contemporary musical elements with folk songs of the region. Haimu, a 25-year-old khoomei (a local variant

37、of overtone singing) singer, joined the troupe three years ago. Along with a six-member band, he performs fast songs and soft ones that he writesall while playing the horse-head fiddle."Although I learned the piano since childhood and grew up listening to various kinds of music, to me, the folk

38、 music of Inner Mongolia is the root," he says. "Performing in remote villages is pleasant. I feel at home on the boundless grasslands, and the warm people there make me feel fulfilled." The first round of spring auction season in Beijing ended last week, but it failed to create much

39、spring in the art market. Although two pieces of Chinese painting fetched more than 100 million yuan, the decline in trading volume and sale rate showed a downturn this year. In the “Grand View: Chinese Painting Highlight session at China Guardian 2021 spring auctions, Pan Tianshous representative w

40、ork Eagle, Rock and Flora hit a record auction price of 279 million yuan, while Li Kerans masterwork Jinggang Mountain fetched 126.5 million yuan, an unexpected high in recent years. However, the trading volume fells to 1.87 billion yuan from 2.22 billion yuan in the same period the year before. The

41、 Huangchen 2021 Spring Auctions, which recorded 42.5 million yuan in total sales, experienced the same. The section number went down to 5 from 12 compared to last year. According to expert Shao Jianwu, the art market did not attract much excitement this year due to the booming stock market and the p

42、ersistent problems of forgery and fake deals. The two pieces of Chinese painting notched up high price this spring due to their own value not due to a revival in the market. "The successful transaction of two works with a hammer price of more than 100 million yuan once again confirms that valua

43、ble and rare works of high quality always earn the long-lasting high price. Chinese painting and calligraphy is still the pillar of the market. However, the overall sales rate has dropped slightly, which reflects the demand for the ordinary auction goods has weakened, said the president of China Gua

44、rdians Hu Yanyan. "Besides, the entry of new buyers also makes certain changes to the direction of purchasing. In a word, the overall market trend is very unpredictable. Although China Guardian 2021 Spring Auctions has achieved remarkable results, it does not mean that the market has walked out

45、 of the predicament. We still have to wait for the big economic boom to invigorate the art market. Even so, the hot pursuit of some special items appeared this spring. A special session of China Guardian Spring Auctions titled “Fine GiltBronze Buddhist Images achieved a great deal with total sales v

46、olume of 41.89 million yuan and 92 percent sale rate. The 5th Shamar Rinpoche Statue from 16-17th century of Tibet was sold for 5.06 million yuan. The Beijing Chengxuan Auctions featured almost 2,800 items of coins and stamps in three sessions with good sale rate. The Huachen Auctions also set a spe

47、cial session of photographs under the condition of large-scale decline of auction sessions. There was a palpable dull thud of disappointment that accompanied the return of the imperial entourage of Zhen Huan to her homeland. It followed a couple years of hushed excitement as Chinese fans were fed ti

48、dbits about their proud concubine who was supposed to conquer the high ground of the North American market. Zhen Huan is, of course, the title character of The Legend of Zhen Huan, a 2021 television series that swept China off its feet and later took other Asian countries by storm. Two years ago, it

49、 was reported that HBO, a premium cable service headquartered in the United States, was going to air it in North America after some modification. Now, a condensed version that provides English subtitles but no dubbing has finally been made available on Netflix for online streaming. This version, hig

50、hly anticipated as a milestone in China's cultural foray overseas, has been widely panned by its home audience. Retitled Empresses in the Palace, the American version has been shortened from its original 76 episodes at 45 minutes each, to six 90-minute episodes. The quick pacing threw off many n

51、ative viewers, who are accustomed to a more leisurely daytime-soap-style narrative rhythm. (Chinese TV stations would run two or three episodes every day.) I did not finish the full-length version and found the truncated one not difficult to follow. What's lost, I believe, are the interesting se

52、tups and pauses that illuminate the Chinese art of storytelling. Much of the plot is still there. It is the flavor that was sacrificed. The American edition uses the framework of the Empress Dowager in her senior years reminiscing at the beginning and the end of each episode, hinting at what's t

53、o come and recapping the key points. This device, not used in the original, is culturally understandable but artistically mediocre. What puzzles me is the two new songs for the opening and end credits. They were written in English, but sung by Chinese with an uncomfortable accent. They were obviousl

54、y designed to appeal to an English-speaking base, but do not jibe with the Chinese dialogue. Speaking of the dialogue, the English translation, picked apart by some Chinese, is too literal for my taste. I can imagine a typical American hit by a flurry of royal ranks, addresses and greetings, even multiple names and titles for the same person. The first half hour must be a swamp to wade through, very much like my experience of getting through a Tolstoy tome with its