1、非謂語動詞1 1性質性質：它具有動詞的特點，但在句子中起著名詞、形容詞、副詞的作用，充當主語、表語、定語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語的作用，即：除謂除謂語以外的一切成分。語以外的一切成分。2 2形式形式 不定式不定式 相當于名詞、形容詞、副詞。相當于名詞、形容詞、副詞。充當主語、賓語、定語、表語、賓語充當主語、賓語、定語、表語、賓語補足語、狀語。補足語、狀語。動名詞動名詞 相當于名詞充當主語、表語、相當于名詞充當主語、表語、定語、賓語。定語、賓語。分詞分詞 相當于形容詞、副詞。作表語、相當于形容詞、副詞。作表語、定語、賓語補足語、狀語。定語、賓語補足語、狀語。 3 3語態：語態： 必須搞清邏輯主語

2、與非謂語動詞的關系，從而來確定非謂語動詞態的語態。 邏輯主語能發出該動作 （發） 邏輯主語不能發出該動作 （收） 不發不收用結構： 動詞不定式：用獨立結構。 動名詞：用復合結構。 分詞：用獨立主格結構 不定式1 1不定式作主語不定式作主語： Warm up exercises: 1) change the following into the infinitive 1. _( die ) for people is a glorious thing. 2. _( talk ) with him is a great pleasure. 3. _( help ) others is our du

3、ty. 4. _( see ) is to believe. 5. _(sit) at the back of the classroom made the students surprised. 2) change the sentences above into the ones using “it” as form subject.To dieTo talkTo helpTo seeTo sit 3) A: 如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的， 可以在不定式前加一個由 for 引起的短語。 It is easy for the students to read. It will be a

4、 mistake for us to help you.B: 下列形容詞作表語時，不定式前常加一個 of 引起的短語，這些形容詞是： (表評價性的，來說明邏輯主語的性質，特征，屬性） kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, right, careless, rude, polite,naughty etc. Its kind of you to think so much of us. Its unwise of him to leave home at once. It s wrong of

5、 him to speak bad behind others. Its wrong of the south to break away from the Union.2不定式作表語 1. Her work is _( look ) after the children.2. My aim is _( go ) to TsingHua University. 3. She seemed _( think ) about the problem. 4. They appeared _( agree ) with what we said. 不定式作be動詞的表語時可以和主語部分調換，說明主語的

6、內容。to lookto goto thinkto agree3 3不定式作賓語：不定式作賓語： 有些及物動詞常用不定式作賓語。常見的動詞有： want, demand, hope, wish, expect; like, hate; start, begin; fail, help, offer, try, manage, pretend, forget, remember, promise, prepare, learn, agree, plan, determine, prefer, intend, etc. 1. They wanted _( get ) on the bus, did

7、nt they?2. He said he wished _( be ) a professor.3. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor.4. My daughter preferred _ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties.5. He had promised _ ( give ) me a hand.to getto beto goto danceto give如作賓語的不定式有自己的補語，須用先行詞 it作 form object，而將真正的賓語不定式后置。 think, find, feel, co

8、nsider, make He found it important to study Russian. The computer makes it possible to calculate faster.不定式一般不能作介詞的賓語，只有在極少數介詞如 ：but, except等后才行，此時不定式可帶 to 或不帶 to。 He seldom comes except to look at my pictures. We have no choice but to wait outside. They could do nothing but ask for help. 4.4.不定式作賓語

9、補足語不定式作賓語補足語 A) 1. I didnt want my parents _( help ) me. 2. Wed prefer you _( take ) the job instead of Zhang.3. My parents expect me _( go ) to an ideal university.4. The doctor advised the patient _( take ) two pills every four hours. 5. He determined me_( tell ) everything.to helpto taketo goto t

10、aketo tell B)watch, hear, observe, feel, listen (to), notice, see, make, let, have(使), etc. + sb. + 動詞原形 + sth. + done +sbsth+ doing Notice: 1. get +sbsth +to do2. let + sth. + be done3. 如果變成被動結構，就必須帶to。1. We cant let this _(go) on.2. I will not let my children _(treat) in that way.3. John made him

11、_( tell ) everything.4. The two boys were sorry indeed to see him _(go).5. We felt the house _( shake) in the earthquake.6. Do you like listening to other people _ ( talk )? Have you ever heard him _( tell ) a lie?7. Who would you like to have_( go ) with?8. Who would you like to have _ (play) the g

12、ame?9. What song did you hear _( sing )?10. We saw the house _( burn ) to the ground when we reached there.5.5.不定式作定語不定式作定語 Change the following into infinitives.1. He was the first person that came to the classroom this morning.2. Do you have anything that you want to say?3. Here are some books tha

13、t you can read.4. He thought out a plan _ (punish) Tom.5. He is always the last _ (come) to office .6. Please give me a knife _ (cut) the apples with.作定語的不定式如是不及物動詞，不定式后面須有相應的介詞。6.6.不定式作狀語不定式作狀語 狀語的形式很多，有目的、結果、原因、條件、讓步、比較、方式、伴隨等，但目的、結果要用不定式。 目的狀語還可用 in order to 或so as to來表示結果狀語還可用 soas to, suchas to

14、, enough to, tooto, only to等結構來表示 A)Substitution: He got up early so that he could catch the first bus to the town. He got up early_ _ _ catch the first bus. We must work hard at English in order that we can contact foreigners freely. We must work hard at English _ _ _ contact foreigners freely. He

15、was so frightened that he could hardly say anything. He was_ frightened _say anything. He was _ brave _ _say anything. He was so young that he could not go to school. He was _ young _ go to school. He was not _ _ _ go to school. B) 1. _(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had an operation on her.

16、 2. He hurried to the station only _ ( find ) the train left. 不定式在作表語/ 補語的形容詞后面作狀語，用主動形式表被動意思。This question is difficult _ (answer).Do you think him easy_ (work) with?We find this rule hard _ (remember).不定式中作結果狀語的注意點：不定式中作結果狀語的注意點： 1）某些形容詞在“tooto”結構中表示肯定，這類詞是：anxious, eager, glad, ready, surprised,

17、willingShe was too surprised to see how angry her father was. 2）在not, never, only, all, but的 “tooto”結構中，“too”的含義為“very”，不定式沒有否定含義。 Im only too glad to stay at home. Its never too old to learn. 不定式的時態與語態：不定式的時態與語態： 1）一般式：不定式表示的動作常與謂語的動作同時（或幾乎同時）發生，或在它之后發生。I saw him go out.I plan to attend the meeting

18、 to be held tomorrow.2）進行式：不定式表示的動作正在進行。Im very glad to be working with you. 3）完成式：不定式的動作發生在謂語動詞之前。Im sorry to have kept you waiting. The article is said to have been read by many people. 不定式作獨立成分不定式作獨立成分 To tell (you) the truth, he doesnt agree with you. To begin with, Beijing is a very beautiful c

19、ity. 不定式與疑問詞不定式與疑問詞who, which, who, which, when, where, how, what when, where, how, what 等連用，等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當主語，在句中起名詞作用，可充當主語，表語，賓語等。表語，賓語等。 He didnt know what to say. How to solve the problem is important. My question is when to start. 動名詞動名詞動名詞1 1動名詞作主語動名詞作主語A) 1. _( die ) for people is a gloriou

20、s thing.2. _( talk ) with him is a great pleasure.3. _( help ) others is our duty.4. _( see ) is believing.5. _( sit ) at the back of the classroom made the students surprised. It作形式主語時，可用動詞不定式，作形式主語時，可用動詞不定式，但下列句型常用動名詞：但下列句型常用動名詞：It is + no good (no use, fun, a waste of time) +doing如如： 1. Its no us

21、e _( sit ) here waiting. 2. Is it any good _( tell ) him the truth? 3. It is great fun _ (play) golf. 不定式與動名詞的區別：不定式與動名詞的區別： 不定式作主語時經常表示具體動作，不定式作主語時經常表示具體動作，而動名詞作主語時經常表示抽象動作：而動名詞作主語時經常表示抽象動作： Its no good eating too much fat. Its no good for you to eat so much fat. B) 關于邏輯主語的問題 1. _to the meeting sur

22、prised all of the boards. A. Mike coming B. Mike came C. Mike comes D. Mikes coming 2. Its no use _ that you didnt know the rules. A. you pretend B. you pretending C. your pretending D. your pretend Change the following into the simple sentences.That Peter didnt attend the meeting made it put off.2動

23、名詞作表語 1. Her work is _( look ) after the children. 2. My aim is _( go ) to TsingHua University. 3. One of my bad habits is _(bite ) nails（指甲）. 動名詞作表語與主語是對等的關系，表示主語的內容，主語常是無生命名詞或what引導的名詞性從句。 3動名詞作賓語動名詞作賓語 mind, miss, excuse, enjoy, escape consider, admit(承認)，advise, appreciate=enjoy, avoid, finish,

24、face, practise, suggest, stop, delay, imagine, include, keep, quit, resist, risk, understand, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, etc. 以及介詞后接動名詞以及介詞后接動名詞doing1. He was in low spirits and even considered _( go ) away.2. Practise _( put ) your hand to the ground.3. I cant help _(

25、 have ) the trip to Britain.4. Dont tell me you always escape _( fine) because you have a fast sports car.5. Leave off _( bite ) your nails!6. He didnt feel like _( work ), so he suggested _( spend ) the day in the garden.7. You certainly mustnt miss _( see ) the wonderful film.8. The doctor advised

26、 _( stay ) longer in hospital.9. Michael has delayed _( write ) to her till today.10. The law forbids _( sell )liquor to children.11. They all suggested _( give ) more chances.12. Can you imagine _( leave ) standing outside for a whole night.13. They built the banks to prevent the area from _( flood

27、 ).14. Women do mind _( smoke ) by men.動名詞與不定式的不同含義：1) be afraid to do 不敢、害怕、膽怯去 做某事 be afraid of doing 擔心、恐怕出現 She was afraid _( wake ) her husband up, for he had bad temper. She was afraid _( wake ) her husband, for he was ill. 2) forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事（未做） forget doing sth. 忘記做過了某事（已做） The ligh

28、t in the office is off. It was she who turned it off, but she herself forgot _( turn ) it off. The light in the office is still on. She forgot _(turn )it off.3) remember to do sth.記著去做某事（未做） remember doing sth.記著做了某事（已做） Do you remember _(meet) me at a party last year? You must remember _( leave) to

29、morrow. 4) stop to do sth. stop doing sth. 5) regret to do sth. 遺憾地說/告訴 regret doing sth. 后悔做了 6) try to do sth. try doing sth. You must try _( do ) it. Lets try _( do ) the work in some other way.7) mean to do sth. mean doing sth. 8) go on to do sth. go on doing sth.9) cant help doing sth. 情不自禁，不禁

30、cant help (to) do sth. 不能幫忙做 10） permit / allow / advise + doing sth. + sb. to do sth. 11） start / begin / continue / like / love / hate + to do sth. + doing sth.12） S. + want to do sth. S. + want sb. to do sth. S.+ want sth. to be doneS. + want + doing / to be done13） S. + need + to do sth. S. + ne

31、ed + doing / to be done14） S. + require sb. to do sth. S. + require sth. to be doneS. + require + doing / to be done 15）S. + is worth + doing 動名詞在句中是主動的形式，但含有被動名詞在句中是主動的形式，但含有被動的意思。動的意思。動名詞復合結構的一般規則是：動名詞復合結構的一般規則是：1.邏輯主語是有生命的名詞：作主語時，須用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞；作賓語時，也可用普通格或人稱代詞賓格。Toms (His) coming is what we ha

32、ve expected.She didnt mind Jack/ Jacks (him/ his) coming here.2. 邏輯主語是無生命的名詞：只用名詞普通格。 Is there any hope of our team winning the match?3. 邏輯主語是指示代詞或不定代詞 this,that, somebody, someone, nobody, none, anybody, anyone時，只有普通格。 She was disturbed by somebody shouting outside.動名詞的時態和語態動名詞的時態和語態1）動名詞的時態：一般式和完成

33、式We are interested in _ (play) chess.Im sorry for not _ (keep) my promise.但在某些詞后，常用一般式，盡管其動作是在謂語所表示的動作之前發生。On hearing the bad news, she cried.Ill never forget seeing that film for the first time. 2）動名詞的語態 doing being donehaving done having been doneHe was afraid of _ (leave) at home.The house showed

34、 no sign of _ (damage).但有些動名詞在句中是主動形式，卻有被動含義The house requires / needs / wants repairing.The book is worth reading. 分詞分分 詞詞 分詞相當于形容詞、副詞。作表語、分詞相當于形容詞、副詞。作表語、定語、賓語補足語和狀語。分詞可分為現定語、賓語補足語和狀語。分詞可分為現在分詞、過去分詞。在分詞、過去分詞。 一般式一般式 完成式完成式現在分詞現在分詞 doing having done (Ad.)being done (Att.) having been done過去分詞過去分詞 d

35、one1.分詞與動名詞作表語時的區別：分詞與動名詞作表語時的區別：1. Our plan is _( finish ) the task before May.2. Toms job was _( guard ) the factory.3. His lecture is _( interest ), which made us _( interest ).4. The situation is _( encourage).5. The library is _ (close) now.6. If you are badly _ (hurt), you shouldnt try to stan

36、d up. 1. The news is encouraging. （表主語的性質，特征） The glass is broken. (表主語所在的狀態）2. The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Tom. （被動語態） 2. .現在分詞和過去分詞作狀語的區別：現在分詞和過去分詞作狀語的區別： 分詞與邏輯主語（即句子主語）關系來決定分詞與邏輯主語（即句子主語）關系來決定分詞的語態，主語能發出分詞的動作分詞的語態，主語能發出分詞的動作,用主動用主動doing / having done，不能發出分詞的動作，不能發出分詞的動作,用被動用被動 do

37、ne / having been done。作狀語。作狀語時，可表示時間，原因，結果，條件，方式，時，可表示時間，原因，結果，條件，方式，伴隨狀況。伴隨狀況。 分詞的動作如發生在謂語動詞之后分詞的動作如發生在謂語動詞之后doing，用一般式，如發生在謂語動詞之前，用完成用一般式，如發生在謂語動詞之前，用完成式式having done。 注1：分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須與句子的主語一致，構成主動或被動的關系。 注2： 表示時間關系的分詞短語有時可由連接詞while或when引導。 注3：有時，”with + 名詞（或代詞賓格）+ 分詞”的結構表示伴隨狀況。 注4: 當分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不

38、同時，分詞需有自己的主語，構成獨立主格結構。（見后）A)A)1._(see ) those picture, he couldnt help thinking of those days in Yanan.2._( turn ) round, Fanny found a bus driving up.3._( water ) the vegetables, they began to pick up the apples.4._( finish ) the work, he went back home on foot.5._( inspire ) by Dr. Chens speech, t

39、hey decided to study maths harder.6._( persuade) by my mother, she gladly went there alone. 7. Warmly _( praise ) for his work, he was too excited to fall asleep.8. _( arrive ) at the station, we found the train gone.9. _( send ) the child to bed, she began to correct the pupils exercises.10._( surr

40、ound), the enemy found nowhere to hide and had to give up.11.While _( cross )the street, look out for cars.12. When _( walk ) in the park, Mathilde met with her old friend.13. While_( criticize ),she cried.14. She came earlier than _( expect).15. Everything goes well as _( plan ).16. She still made

41、the same mistakes though _( tell) several times.18. _( give ) more time, we are sure to do it better.19. The doctor did everything he could _( save ) the patient.20. _(improve )his English, Wang Ling works much harder.21. _( tell ) you the truth, I dislike maths. 作目的、結果狀語的區別：22. Li Ming works hard _

42、( pass ) the exams.23. Li Ming works hard _( try ) to pass the exams.25. He returned home _( find ) the house broken into.26. His father died, _( leave ) him nothing but debts.27. Football is played over a century, _( make ) it popular.28. Bees suck honey into their stomachs, _( get ) thicker and th

43、icker. 判斷下列對或錯：1. Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.2. Having had dinner, the dishes were washed.3. Leaving at home, the little girl felt much afraid.將上列將上列1-18句分詞部分改成從句：句分詞部分改成從句：B)B)伴隨狀語伴隨狀語1. The boy lay in bed, _( listen ) to music.2. Its a bad habit to talk to others, _( look )

44、aside.3. The professor entered the room, _( follow ) by his assistants.4. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talk, _( add ) that he had enjoyed his stay here.5. The boy stood in front of the teacher, _( criticize). 獨立主格結構獨立主格結構 （ 所謂獨立主格結構，分詞的邏輯主所謂獨立主格結構，分詞的邏輯主語不是句子主語，而是有自己的邏輯語

45、不是句子主語，而是有自己的邏輯主語時，叫獨立主格結構。）主語時，叫獨立主格結構。）A)1. Today _( be ) Sunday, the library doesnt open.2. There _( be ) no buses, we had to walk home.3. The signal _( give ), the bus started.4. Weather _ ( permit ), well visit the Great Wall.5. A teacher from England _( teach ) us English, were sure to learn i

46、t well.B)6. With him _( give ) us a lead, our team is to win.7. With the worker _( lead ), the Young Pioneers went through the forest and started towards the mountain village.8. Many people spoke aloud in front of our classroom, with nobody _( stop ) them.9. He was looking at the screen again, with

47、the machine _( turn ) on.10. The girl felt uneasy with the whole class _( stare ) at her.11. Now the patient could walk with the nurse _( support ) him.12. With the machinery _( do ) all the work, we finished the task last month.13. She lay on the grass with her eyes _( close ).14. You might catch a

48、 cold with your feet _( expose). 3.現在分詞與過去分詞作賓語補足語的區別：現在分詞與過去分詞作賓語補足語的區別：Whomflns +sb do (經常性動作) +sb doing sth.（正在進行） +sth done（被動）1.I used to see these boys _( play ) on the playground.2. I saw them _( play ) the computer this afternoon.3. Have you _( heard ) this song _( sing ) before?4. She was s

49、urprised to find the house _( break ) into when she went back home. 5. Unfortunately, he got his wallet _( steal ) on the bus. 6. We are interested in hearing him _( tell ) us the news. 7. He wont have us _( criticize ) him.8. Its a bad habit to leave the work _( undo ).9. Yesterday I caught him _ (

50、 take ) my dictionary when I went into the classroom.10. He found his hometown _.A. greatly changedB. had greatly changedC. greatly changing D. had greatly been changed4. 分詞作定語分詞作定語( (不定式作定語）：不定式作定語）：A)A)1. Do you know the man _ (speak ) at the meeting?2. Do you know the man _ ( praise ) at the meeti