1、在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。名詞性從句主語從句 表語從句 賓語從句 同位語從句 引導名詞性從句的關聯詞引導名詞性從句的關聯詞1. That he will succeed is certain .2. Whether he will go there is not known .3. What he said is not true .4. Where he hid the money is to be found out .5. Whoever comes is welcome.That he will succeed is certainWhether he will go

2、there is not knownWhen they will start the project has not been decided yetIt is certain that he will succeedIt is not known whether he will go thereIt has not been decided yet when they will start the project有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用常用it 代替代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主，而把主語從句置于句末。常用句型如下：語從句置于句末

3、。常用句型如下：其他類似句型還有：其他類似句型還有：It + be +important/ necessary/ obvious + that從從句句It+be+reported/believed/thought/announced/said/known/proved/hoped + that從句從句It + be +a pity/a shame/a fact/a surprise/ common knowledge+ that從句從句It + 特殊動詞（特殊動詞（happens/occurs/seems/appears） + that 從句從句何時開會還沒有決定。何時開會還沒有決定。 Whe

4、n the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet .他們何時出發和他們去哪里還沒有決定。他們何時出發和他們去哪里還沒有決定。單個的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞單個的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般一般用用_形式。如果是兩個或兩個以上的主語形式。如果是兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語，謂語動詞則用從句作主語，謂語動詞則用_形式。由形式。由兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句，謂語兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句，謂語動詞用動詞用_形式。形式。 總結歸總結歸納：納：單數單數復數復數hasWhen they will start and where

5、they will go_(have)still unknown.何時何地開會還沒有決定。何時何地開會還沒有決定。When and where the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet .havehas單數單數1)（2008浙江浙江) _ want to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. A). anyone B). the one C). whoever D). who2)(1993 福建福建) _ he said at the meeting astonished everyb

6、ody present. ( 93) A).what B). that C). the fact D). the matter3)（2006浙江浙江） 1. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language A). As B). That C). this D). It 4. _ is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. (福建福建 2008) A. It B. What C. As D. Wh

7、ich 5. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.（ 06遼寧遼寧 ）A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. WhoeverAA2.賓語從句I dont know where the sound came from.Dont be satisfied with what you have achieved.I think (that) he will win the game(否定）否定）You can buy whatever you need in the shop當主句是

8、I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 時，其后的賓語從句如果是否定形式，常把否定詞not從從句中轉移到主句中成為否定的轉移。 We dont believe that he will win the game. I dont think he will do so. I insist that she -( do) her work alone. The commander ordered that troops - (set off )at once. 表建議，命令，堅持，要求表建議，命令，堅持，要求command, o

9、rder, suggest, advise, insist, desire, demand, beg, require, request等動詞如等動詞如果后面加上賓語從句的話果后面加上賓語從句的話, 從句謂語部分必從句謂語部分必須用（須用（should） do1. I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.it找出下列句子中的錯誤找出下列句子中的錯誤 I hate it when people speak with their mouths full. Ill see to (保證保證) it that

10、 everything is ready in time. He made it clear that he would leave office soon. We must bear it in mind that we are Chinese. it +從句從句介詞介詞+ it +從句從句it +adj. +從句從句it + 介詞短語介詞短語 +從句從句it+ n.+從句從句it +過去分詞過去分詞+從句從句It It 形式賓語形式賓語主語主語+謂語謂語名詞性從句在句中要用名詞性從句在句中要用_語序語序, ,從句從句的引導詞必須始終置于的引導詞必須始終置于_ 1.No one can be

11、 sure _ in a million years. what will man look likeB. what man will look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will man like陳述陳述總結歸總結歸納納：2.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were

12、how excited 句首句首 I dont know_ A when has she gone B where she has gone C how did she leave D why did she goB2. Our physics teacher once told us that light _ （ travel ） faster than s總結總結歸納：歸納：3) )主句的動詞用主句的動詞用一般現在時一般現在時，從句謂語可根據需要選用從句謂語可根據需要選用各種各種時態時態1. He said that he will go to the statio

13、n.3. Tom says that Mary _ (go) abroad last year and _ (be) there for nearly 5 months. 1 1）主句的動詞用）主句的動詞用過去過去時，時，從句謂語動詞用從句謂語動詞用過去過去的某種時態的某種時態2 2）主句的動詞用主句的動詞用過去過去時，時，從句表示從句表示客觀事實，格言，諺語客觀事實，格言，諺語等等 ，從句謂從句謂語動詞語動詞用用一般現在時一般現在時wenthas beenwould賓語從句that不能省略的情況 1.動詞后有兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時，緊跟動詞的賓語從句可以省略that，其余的賓語從句tha

14、t 不能省去。 Ex.He said (that) Hangzhou is a beautiful city and that he wanted to visit it 2.謂語動詞和賓語從句之間有插入語的時候 I noticed， for the first time, that he was wearing his fine green coat 3.It 做形式賓語時候3.表語從句 引導表語從句的詞有連詞that, whether，連接代詞和連接副詞，關系代詞型what，以及as if, as though, because等連詞。 1. 由that引導 The fact is tha

15、t he doesnt really try. 事實是他沒有做真正的努力。 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩的是我把他的地址丟了。 My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建議是我們應該告訴他。 His sole requirement was (is) that the system work. 他唯一的要求是這個制度能起作用。 My idea is that we should start making preparations right now. 我的意見是我們馬上就開始做準備

16、工作。 2. 由whether引導 The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 問題是這部電影是否值得看?！咀⒁狻縲hether 可引導表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導表語從句。 3. 由連接代詞引導 You are not who I thought you were. 你已不是我過去所想像的人。 The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。 The question is who (m) we should trust. 問題是我們應當相信誰。 W

17、hat I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我們應走哪條路。 5. 由關系代詞型what引導 Thats what I want to stress. 這是我想強調的。 Thats what we are here for. 我們來這里就為了這個。 Fame and personal gain is what theyre after. 他們追求的是名利。 He is no longer what he was. 他已經不是以前的他了。 6. 由as if / as though引導 It isnt as if you were

18、 going away for ever. 又不是你離開不回來了。 Now it was as though she had known Millie for years. 現在好像她認識米莉已有好多年了似的。 It is not as though we were poor. 又不是我們家里窮。 7. 由because引導 It is because I love you too much. 那是因為我太愛你了。 Thats because you cant appreciate music. 這是因為你不能欣賞音樂。 If Im a bit sleepy, its because I wa

19、s up all night. 如果我有點困，是因為一夜沒睡。 Its because I passed a slip of paper for John to Helen in class. 這是因為我在上課中替約翰傳紙條給海倫。 【注意】because 可引導表語從句，但與之同義的since, as, for等也不用于引導表語從句。 4. 同位語從句同位語從句同位語從句常放在以下名詞后：同位語從句常放在以下名詞后：Proposal，suggestion，fact， thought，truth，hope， information，doubt，problem，belief，news，word，

20、question, report ,message , decision ,request 對它們做進一步的解釋說明，把同位語從句刪去不影響主句對它們做進一步的解釋說明，把同位語從句刪去不影響主句引導詞：引導詞：that，whether，how，when，where ， why They were worried over the fact that you were sick. The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不實。明天放假的消息不實。 Ive come to the conclusion

21、that it was unwise to do that. 我得出結論我得出結論:這樣做是不明智的這樣做是不明智的I have no idea when he will be back He has solved the problem why the radio was out of orderIt is a question how he did it The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule be adopted. 同位語和定語從句的區別同位語和定語從句的區別1.同位語從句同位語從句 中的從句中的從句 是一個完整的句

22、子，是一個完整的句子， 不缺少不缺少主語主語 也不缺少賓語。關系詞只起做連接作用不做主也不缺少賓語。關系詞只起做連接作用不做主語或賓語。被從句解釋說明的名詞語或賓語。被從句解釋說明的名詞 是讓大家記的那是讓大家記的那些常用的名詞些常用的名詞 定語從句中定語從句中 的從句的從句 （1）不是一個完整的句子，缺）不是一個完整的句子，缺少主語或賓語時要用關系代詞少主語或賓語時要用關系代詞that，which，who，whom。（。（2）從句中動詞或動詞短語為不及物用）從句中動詞或動詞短語為不及物用法時或主語賓語不缺時用關系副詞法時或主語賓語不缺時用關系副詞when，where，why同位語被分離同位語

23、被分離 The story goes that he beats his wife. 傳說他打老婆。 The news got around that he had won a car in the lottery. 消息傳開說他中彩得了一輛汽車。 The rumor spread that a new school would be built here. 謠傳這里要蓋一所新學校。 Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town. 有傳言說史密斯一家要離開這座城市。 The thought came to him that maybe the e

24、nemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敵人已逃離這座城市。 The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下來，所有居民都必： that,what ,which , whether, if, who, whom,whose, whatever ,whichever,whoever ,whomever,whoseverwhen, where, why, how 重點重點 30. We cannot figure out _ quite a number of insects, bi

25、rds, and animals are dying out. (2004 北京) A. that B. as C. why D. when 31. We suggested that the meeting _ A.should put off B.be put off C. was put off D.putting off 33. Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future. ( 04廣東 )A. that B. how C. such D. so58. - Cou

26、ld you do me a favor?- It depends on it is.A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever 2. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.（07年年天津卷）天津卷） A. this B. that C. it D. these 1).Sydney kept his promise _ (what /that)he would visit me this coming Christmas.2).We are going to disc

27、uss the question _ (whether/if)we should do it.3)The question _ (why /that) he did it in such a way has not been answered. thatwhetherwhy2. 同位語從句同位語從句同位語從句常放在以下名詞后：同位語從句常放在以下名詞后：Proposal，suggestion，fact， thought，truth，hope， information，doubt，problem，belief，news，word，question, report ,message , decis

28、ion ,request 對它們做進一步的解釋說明，把同位語從句刪去不影響主句對它們做進一步的解釋說明，把同位語從句刪去不影響主句引導詞：引導詞：that，whether，how，when，where ， why They were worried over the fact that you were sick. The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不實。明天放假的消息不實。 Ive come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得

29、出結論我得出結論:這樣做是不明智的這樣做是不明智的I have no idea when he will be back He has solved the problem why the radio was out of orderIt is a question how he did it The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule be adopted. 同位語和定語從句的區別同位語和定語從句的區別1.同位語從句同位語從句 中的從句中的從句 是一個完整的句子，是一個完整的句子， 不缺少不缺少主語主語 也不缺少賓語。關系詞

30、只起做連接作用不做主也不缺少賓語。關系詞只起做連接作用不做主語或賓語。被從句解釋說明的名詞語或賓語。被從句解釋說明的名詞 是讓大家記的那是讓大家記的那些常用的名詞些常用的名詞 定語從句中定語從句中 的從句的從句 （1）不是一個完整的句子，缺）不是一個完整的句子，缺少主語或賓語時要用關系代詞少主語或賓語時要用關系代詞that，which，who，whom。（。（2）從句中動詞或動詞短語為不及物用）從句中動詞或動詞短語為不及物用法時或主語賓語不缺時用關系副詞法時或主語賓語不缺時用關系副詞when，where，why2. Try to understand the difference betwee

31、n them by yourselves * the news that we have won 146 gold medals makes Chinese excitedThe news that you told us last night is not trueThe order when we should set out hasnt reached us The order that the captain gave is being carried outThe days when we spent together are unforgettableThe place where

32、 we will get is still far from hereAnswer my question whether you are comingHave you any idea what time it starts？同位語被分離同位語被分離 The story goes that he beats his wife. 傳說他打老婆。 The news got around that he had won a car in the lottery. 消息傳開說他中彩得了一輛汽車。 The rumor spread that a new school would be built he

33、re. 謠傳這里要蓋一所新學校。 Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town. 有傳言說史密斯一家要離開這座城市。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敵人已逃離這座城市。 The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下來，所有居民都必表語從句 引導表語從句的詞有連詞that, whether，連接代詞和連接副詞，關系代詞型what，以及as if

34、, as though, because等連詞。 1. 由that引導 The fact is that he doesnt really try. 事實是他沒有做真正的努力。 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩的是我把他的地址丟了。 My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建議是我們應該告訴他。 His sole requirement was (is) that the system work. 他唯一的要求是這個制度能起作用。 My idea is that we should s

35、tart making preparations right now. 我的意見是我們馬上就開始做準備工作。 2. 由whether引導 The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 問題是這部電影是否值得看?！咀⒁狻縲hether 可引導表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導表語從句。 3. 由連接代詞引導 You are not who I thought you were. 你已不是我過去所想像的人。 The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。 The

36、 question is who (m) we should trust. 問題是我們應當相信誰。 What I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我們應走哪條路。 4. 由連接副詞引導 The problem is how we can find him. 問題是我們如何找到他。 That was when I was fifteen. 這是我15歲時發生的事。 Thats where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇見她的地方。 Thats why he didnt come. 這就是他沒有來的緣故。 Tha

37、ts why I object to the plan. 這就是我反對這個計劃的原因。 Thats where you are wrong. 這就是你不對的地方。 5. 由關系代詞型what引導 Thats what I want to stress. 這是我想強調的。 Thats what we are here for. 我們來這里就為了這個。 Fame and personal gain is what theyre after. 他們追求的是名利。 He is no longer what he was. 他已經不是以前的他了。 6. 由as if / as though引導 It i

38、snt as if you were going away for ever. 又不是你離開不回來了。 Now it was as though she had known Millie for years. 現在好像她認識米莉已有好多年了似的。 It is not as though we were poor. 又不是我們家里窮。 7. 由because引導 It is because I love you too much. 那是因為我太愛你了。 Thats because you cant appreciate music. 這是因為你不能欣賞音樂。 If Im a bit sleepy

39、, its because I was up all night. 如果我有點困，是因為一夜沒睡。 Its because I passed a slip of paper for John to Helen in class. 這是因為我在上課中替約翰傳紙條給海倫。 【注意】because 可引導表語從句，但與之同義的since, as, for等也不用于引導表語從句。 30. We cannot figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. (2004 北京) A. that B. as

40、C. why D. when31. I think Father would like to know _ Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. ( 04 湖南 ) A. which B. why C. what D. how32. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago . ( 04 天津 ) A. what B. which C. that D. where33. Parents are taught to under

41、stand _ important education is to their childrens future. ( 04廣東 )A. that B. how C. such D. so40. Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. ( 05 浙江 ) A. who B. that C. as D. which44. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. （ 06江蘇 ）

42、A. if B. where C. whether D. that 45. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.（ 06遼寧 ）A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever46. See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this morning. （ 06全國I ）A. when B. which C. where D. what 57. Doris success lies in the fact

43、_ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. （ 06上海春季 ）A. which B. that C. when D. why 58. - Could you do me a favor?- It depends on it is.A. which B. whichever C. what D. whateverLesson 4 1.People mind bad language in programmes _ (watch) by children ,according to a research _(publish) yes

44、terday2.Some bad language can _ the dialogue and the situation _ (使有趣/意思)3.People were asked to _ (品論) scenes from films 4.Leeds University _ (總結) that people _ between bad language _(use) in programmes for adult and _ (代詞) meant for childrenwatchedpublishedmakefunnyconcludedMade a distinctionusedth

45、oseComment on2. 賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。 引導賓語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。1.)由連接詞that引導的賓語從句由連接詞that引導賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。 He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 注意:在demand, order, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, reques

46、t, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用 “should+ 動詞原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”講, insist作“堅持說、堅持認為”講，則其后的賓語從句中應該用陳述語氣。 The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. I want to

47、know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 3)用whether或if引導的賓語句whether和if均可引導動詞后的賓語從句，?？苫Q。但從句中有or not時或介詞后的賓語從句中只能用whether連接。其它名詞性從句，如：主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句只用whether. Everything depends on whether we have enough money. I dont car

48、e about whether you have money or not. 介詞后的賓語從句一般不用which和if引導，要用whether和what。that也很少引導介詞賓語從句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。 4)賓語從句中的時態呼應 賓語從句的謂語動詞時態受主句謂語動詞的影響，如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時從句中的謂語動詞可以用各種時態； I know that he studies English every day. I know (that) he will study English next year. We all know that he ha

49、s studied English since 1998. I know that he studied English last term. 如果主句中的謂語動詞用了一般過去時，則從句中的語動只能用過去時的某種形式，如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等； We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house. The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然現象，則從句仍用現在時態。 The teacher told us th

50、at the sun rises in the east.5)當主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 時，其后的賓語從句如果是否定形式，常把否定詞not從從句中轉移到主句中成為否定的轉移。 We dont believe that he will win the game. I dont think he will do so. doubt用于肯定結構時，后面用whether/ if 引導名詞性從句；用于否定結構或疑問結構時，后面用 that 引導名詞性從句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑問句時，后接 that 引導的名詞性從句；用于否定句時，后接whether/if 引導的名詞性從句。 連接代詞whoever，whatever，whichever可引導名詞性從句，相當于anyone who, anything that等。它們也可以引導讓步狀語從句，相當于 no matter who/ what/ which。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 3. 表語從句在句中作表語的句子叫表語從句。 引導表語從句的關