1、PartOneWarm-up1. ListeningMaterialsa.Loveyourlive.Howevermeanyourlifeis,meetitandliveit;donot(1)itandcallithardnames.Youmayperhapshavesomepleasant,(2)glorioushours,eveninapoor-house.Thesettingsunis(3)fromthewindowsofthealms-houseas(4)asfromtherichman'sabode;thesnow(5)beforeitsdoorasearlyinthespr

2、ing.Maybetheyaresimplygreat(6)toreceivewithout(7).Donottroubleyourselfmuchtogetnewthings,whetherclothesorfriends.Turntheold,returntothem.Sellyourclothesandkeepyour(8).Keys:(1)shun(2)thrilling(3)reflected(4)brightly(5)melts(6)enough(7)misgiving(8)thoughtsb.FriendsAtruefriendissomeonewhoreachesforyour

3、handand(1)yourheart.There'salwaysgoingtobepeoplethathurtyou,sowhatyouhavetodoiskeepon(2)andjustbemorecarefulaboutwhoyoutrustnexttimearound.Makeyourselfabetterpersonandknowwhoyouarebeforeyoutryandknowsomeoneelseand(3)themtoknowyou.Remember:Whateverhappens,happensfora(4).Howmanypeopleactuallyhave8

4、truefriendsHardlyanyoneIknow.Butsomeofushaveall(5)friendsandgoodfriends.Keys:(1)touches(2)trusting(3)expect(4)reason(5)rightc.Nomanorwomanis(1)yourtears,andtheonewhois,won'tmakeyoucry.Never(2),evenwhenyouaresad,becauseyouneverknowwhoisfallinginlovewithyoursmile.Justbecausesomeonedoesn'tlovey

5、outhe(3)youwantthemto,doesn'tmeantheydon'tloveyouwithalltheyhave.Don'tcrybecauseitisover,smilebecauseit(4).Lifeisapureflame,andwelivebyan(5)sunwithinus.Keys:(1)worth(2)frown(3)way(4)happened(5)invisible11, AbouttheAuthorIntroduction:LiamO'Flahertyisoneofthemostsignificantandimportant

6、modernAnglo-Irishauthors.Hisnovelshavenotbeenmetwithmuchcriticalanalysisoverthelastfortyyearsbecausehestoppedpublishingworkin1956.BothhisnovelsandhisshortstoriesdefineAnglo-Irishliteratureinthathisthemesstemfromhisexperiencesgrowingupinapoverty-strickensocietyontheislandofAran;hisnaturalistic,mystic

7、al,romantic,andrealisticstyleswerealsodefinedbyhisexperiencesinhisnativeIreland.ChronologyofLiamO'Flaherty'sMainWorksonJanuary1923 Thy Neighbour's Wife. First published creative work- a short story,The Snaiaippeprear“ed12, 1923,intheBritishSocialistweeklyTheNewLeader1924TheBlackSoul.Oneo

8、fthefoundersoftheshortlivedliterarymagazineTo-Morrow.1924SpringSowing1925TheInformer,whichwasmadeintoafilmofthesamenamebyJohnFord.1925CivilWar.1928TheAssassin1932Skerrett1934ShametheDevil1937FamineTheShortStoriesofLiamO'Flaherty1948TwoLovelyBeastsandOtherStories1950Insurrection1953DuilDesire,aco

9、llectionofmostoftheshortstorieswhichO'FlahertyhadwritteninGaelic1956TheStoriesofLiamO'FlahertyLiamOFlahertybecamefamousbecauseofhisnovels,especiallyFamineandTheInformer,buthisliteraryreputationrestsmoreheavilyuponhisshortstories.III.DoYouKnowLiamO'FlahertywasborninthevillageofGortnagCapa

10、ll,Inishmore,on28August1896.InishmoreisthemostnorthernoftheAranIslands.GortnagCapallmeans"TheFieldoftheHorses"andistruetoitsmeaning.TheentireareaofInishmorewasbleakandharsh.Thetreeless,flat,rockygroundwasalmosttooshallowforanycropstogrow.SuchaharshlandaffectedO'Flahertyimmensely:Iwasbo

11、rnonastorm-sweptrockandhatethesoftgrowthofsunbakedlandswherethereisnofrostinmen'sbones.Swiftthoughts,andtheswiftflightofravenousbirds,andthesquealofterrorofhuntedanimalstomereality.Ihaveseentheleapingsalmonflybeforethesalmonwhale,andIhaveseenthesatedbuckhornhismate,andthewandererleavehiswifeinse

12、archoffreshbosomswiththefireofjoyinhiseye.Forme,thatmanisgreatwhoishisownGodandtheslavemanisaharnessedloutwhojinglesthecoppersofhishireinthescalesofmediocrity(Doyle18).TheareaofInishmorewasalsoquitepovertystricken.Poverty,famine,anddeathweresomethingthatthepeopleofGortnagCapalldealtwitheveryday(Shee

13、ran15).Thepeoplestruggledwithfeedinglargefamiliesonlittleornofood.Also,thepeoplehadlittlemeansofearningmoneyorremovingthemselvesfromthepoverty.ThecommonoccupationsinGortnagCapallwereaslandowners,suchasLiamO'Flaherty'sfather,andfishermen.Anothercommonpracticewastohaulsandfromtheshoreinorderto

14、mixitwithseaweedandsiltinordertoturn"barerockintotillageland"(Sheeran15).O'Flahertyhadbothanadmirationandhatredforthepoor.Theygivehimbotharomanticqualityindescribingtheplightofthecommonmanbutalso"frequentlyfillhimwithmisanthropy"(Doyle18).AmongthepeopleofGortnagCapallweremany

15、orphansandwidows.Becauseofthehardlife,manypeoplediedearly,eitherfromstarvation,disease,ordrowningintheoceaninanattempttocatchfishtofeedthefamily.OFlahertydescribesthelifeinsuchaharshplaceas:terriblyintense.There,notonlyextremepoverty,buttheverypositionoftheislandfosterinthehumanmindthosedevilsofsusp

16、icionandresentmentwhichmakeingratitudeseemman'sstrongestvice.Thesurroundingsea,constantlystirredintofurybystormsthatcutoffcommunicationwiththemainland,alwaysmaintainsinthemindoftheinhabitantsarestlessanxiety,whichhasastrongbearingoncharacter,sharpeningthewitsandheighteningtheenergy,butatthesamet

17、imeproducingaviolentinstabilityoftemperament(Doyle17).AsomewhatdifferentdescriptionoftheAranIslandswasgivenbyJohnMillingtonSyngeinTheAranIslands.ThisworkisimportantinthatitwasasorepointforO'Flaherty.ThedescriptionprovidedinTheAranIslands,writtenatintervalsbetween1898and1901,wasverydifferentthant

18、helifeO'Flahertyactuallyled.ThebookprovidedaninspirationforO'Flahertylateroninlifetogiveaproperdescription.ThemistandfogofInishmorealsoprovedtobeadefiningfactorfortheyoungO'Flaherty.Asayoungster,hewasfascinatedwiththemysticalqualitiespresentinthemelancholyatmosphereofhishomeland.Hewasent

19、hralledbythe"mysticaldreamsandmysticalterrors"oftheland(Doyle18).Hebecamepreoccupiedwithancientruinsintheformofthe"numerousprehistoricpaganandearlyChristianmonuments"ofAran(Doyle18).O'Flaherty,throughhismysticalfascination,becameabroodingyoungsterwhoundertook"gloomymedit

20、ation"(Doyle18).TheenjoymentofthemysticalpastsofIrelandalsofurtheredanaturalisticmovementinsideofO'Flaherty,whichisquiteevidentinhisshortstories.O'FlahertydoesnotdealwiththeharshlifeinInishmoreforagreatdealinhisautobiographiesbecauseofasenseoffamilypride(Sheeran22).Hisownupbringingisonl

21、yasourceofexperiencesonwhichtocreateagreaterimaginationanddrawapictureinhisnovelsandshortstories.In1908,apriestoftheHolyGhostorderfromRockwellCollegeinCountyTipperarycametotheAranIslandsinordertorecruitsomeyoungstersforthepriesthood(Doyle18).O'Flahertywasatthetopofhisclassandshowedimaginationinh

22、isunusualbroodingmanner.Hewasthereforepointedouttothepriestthatfurthereducationalopportunitiesshouldbegiventohim.HiseducationatRockwellCollegewouldbepracticallyfree.O'FlahertystilldidwellenoughatBlackrocktoreceiveanentrancescholarshiptoUniversityCollege,Dublin.Heagain,despitehisretrospectiveaver

23、siontotheChurch,contemplatedthepriesthoodonceagainandwasacceptedattheDublinDiocesanSeminaryatClonliffe.TheexperienceattheUniversityCollegewasnotagoodonethough.O'Flaherty'slifetookanoddtwistwhenhedroppedoutofUniversityCollegeandenlistedintheBritishArmyin1915.ThreereasonsexistastowhyO'Flah

24、ertymadesuchadrasticmove.First,O'FlahertywasratherdisillusionedwiththeRepublicancausebecauseitsleaderswerenotasviolentandapttorebelasO'Flahertywouldhaveliked.HefeltthattheywereoverlycautiouswithRepublicanactions(Doyle20).In1920,O'FlahertyreturnedtoIreland.HebecameactiveinCommunistactivit

25、ies.TheCommunistPartyofIrelandwasstartedbythesonofJamesConnolly,RodericConnolly,whowasthefirstpresident.O'Flahertywasactivewithintheparty(Cahalan193).DuringtheIrishCivilWar,O'FlahertyandagroupofunemployedmengainedcontroloftheRotundainDublinandraisedtheCommunistflagoverthebuilding(Doyle21).O&

26、#39;FlahertysoonjoinedtheIrishRepublicanArmyinanattempttooverthrowtheFreeStateforcestonoavail.On6December1922,theFreeStatewasofficiallyestablished.O'Flahertylosthisspiritofactivismandturnedhiseffortstowriting(Cahalan195).LiamO'Flahertyisanoftenoverlooked,thoughquiteprolific,Irishwriter.Hiswr

27、itingsarehardtoquantify.Hevacillatesfromtheromantictotherealistictothenaturalistictothemystical.O'Flahertyneverreallyfoundhisplaceinsociety,whichmayhaveactuallyhelpedhiswritings.Hisabandonmentledtoimaginativeinsights.Hisrebelliousnatureledtoapassionforhiswritings.ThemythicalhistoryofIrelandandhi

28、simpoverishedupbringingaffectedO'Flahertyfortheremainderofhislife.TheuniqueauthorLiamO'FlahertydiedinDublinon7September1984.IV.Warming-upQuestions1. DoyouknowthatproperwordscandrivepeoplesdissatisfactionsandtirednesswayGiveanexamplefromthetext.2. DoyouknowhowtosowpotatoesDescribeitinyourownw

29、ords.3. WhatsyouropinionofbeingafarmerV.Warming-upActivities1. Trytoworkoutalistofwordsorexpressionsusedinsowing.2. Pleasegiveasimplecharactersketchofthecouple.PartTwoBackgroundinformationI. MoreAbouttheAuthorHosmetownTheAranIslandsTheAranIslandscomprisethreeislands(InisMor,InisMeainandInisoirr)loca

30、tedatthemofGalwayBay.ThenamesareIrishlanguagefor“thebigisland”,“themiddleisland”,island”respectively.TheAranIslandsarerichinthelanguage,cultureandheritageofIreland.InishmoreInishmore(orInisMorinIrish)isthelargestofthethreeAranislands.ItsprincipalvillageisKilronanwherethereisagood,deepharbour.Anexcel

31、lentVisitor'sCentre,IonadArainn,providesasolidintroductiontothehistoryandcultureoftheisland.SitestoseeincludetheinterestingremainsofArkin'sCastle,aCromwellianfortthatmaintainedagarrisonduringthe17thand18thcenturies.SaintCiaran'sMonastery,eastofthevillage,wherecanbeseenalsoseveralearlycro

32、ss-slabs,pillarsandaholywelldedicatedtotheearlysaint.AlsointhislocalityistheveryearlySaintSoorney'sChurch.TothewestofKilronanisthechurchofSaintEnda,thesaintmostcloselyidentifiedwiththespreadofChristianityonAran.KilmurvyistheothermainvillageonInishmore;itliesabout7kmwestofKilronan,andinitsvicinit

33、yistheChurchofSaintColmanMacDuagh,andtheChurchoftheSaints.DunAonghasaUndoubtedlythemostfamousandimpressivesiteonInishmoreisthegreatstonefortressofDunAonghasathelargestoftheprehistoricstonefortsoftheAranIslands.Itisperchedspectacularlyontheedgeofasheet100m(300ft)cliffthatfallsawayintotheAtlanticOcean

34、.Itisenclosedbythreemassivedry-stonewallsanda"chevaux-de-frise"consistingoftallblocksoflimestonesetverticallyintothegroundtodeterattackers.Thefortisabout900metresfromthevisitorcentreandisapproachedoverrisingground.Wheelchairaccessisavailabletothevisitorcentre,butnottothefort.InishmannInish

35、mann(InisMeairinIrish,meaningthe"themiddleisland")alsocontainsbothkindsofmonuments,notablytheancientKilcanonaghChurch,the15thcenturyTemplemurray,andfragmentsofTempleshaghtmacree,ortheChurchoftheKing'sSevenSons.PrehistorictimesarerepresentedbythesuperbovalstonefortofDunChonchubhair.Ther

36、eisonechurchontheislandwithbeautifulHarryClarkeStudiowindows.Alsoonlyonepubwhichisthatchedandkeptintheoldtraditionalstyle.Thereisnobankontheisland,sothebankfliesinwithAerArannonceamonthforbusiness.AnDunisanexcellentrestaurantwithawardwinningfoodsetnearthebaseofDunChonchubhair,abeautifullypreservedpr

37、ehistoricfort.InisoirrInishere(InisoirrinIrish,meaning"thesouthisland")isthesmallestofthethreeislandswithapopulationofonlyabout300people.Despiteitssizeyoucanstillfindpubs,B&Bs,ahotelandacampsiteandthereisplentytodoandsee.InisoirrisgeologicallysimilartotheBurreninCountyClare,comprisingm

38、ostlyofrock.LiketheBurren,manyrareandexoticflowersandplantsgrowthere.II. IrelandGeographySmall-beakedandwing-clipped,IrelandisanislandintheAtlanticOceanwhichappearsabouttoalightonthecoastofBritain80kmtothewestacrosstheIrishSea.Itscitiesaresmall,soit'sneverfartoisolatedsweepsofmountainsorboglands

39、.MuchofIreland'selevatedgroundisclosetothecoast,andalmosttheentireAtlanticseaboardisabulwarkofcliffs,hillsandmountains,withfewsafeanchorages.Mostofthecentreoftheislandiscomposedofflatfarmlandorraisedbogs.Thisareaisdrainedbythe260kmlongShannon,whichenterstheseawestofLimerick.Irelandisasmall,moder

40、n,trade-dependenteconomywithgrowthaveragingarobust7%in19952004.Agriculture,oncethemostimportantsector,isnowdwarfedbyindustryandservices.III. ThePotatoComestoIrelandManycountriesinEuropepaidverylittleattentiontothearrivalofthepotatofromtheNewWorld.Thisisbecausemostcountriesalreadygrewenoughfoodtofeed

41、theirpopulation,andsotherewasnoreasontogrowanewvegetableinlargenumbers.However,thesituationwasdifferentinIreland.Duringthe1500'sIrelandwastornapartbyconstantwarfarebetweenthecountryEnsglishrulersandIrishinhabitants,andbetweenlocalnobleswhowerealwaysfightingoneanother.Asaresultofthesecontinualcon

42、flicts,Ireland'speasantfarmershadahardtimegrowingenoughfoodtofeedthemselves,letaloneanyoneelse.Itwasintothisstarving,war-tornIrelandthatthepotatowasintroducedaroundtheyear1600.NooneissureexactlywhointroducedthepotatotoIreland.SomebelieveitwasthefamousEnglishexplorer,seacaptainandpoet,WalterRalei

43、gh.OthersspeculatethatthepotatowasheduponthebeachesofIrelandaspartoftheshipwreckoftheSpanishArmada,whichhadsunkofftheIrishcoastinaviolentstorm.Howeveritarrived,onethingcanbesaidforcertainthepotatocaughtonveryquicklyinIreland.Thepotato'spopularitywasbasedonthepotatoproducingmorefoodperacrethanany

44、othercropsIrishfarmershadgrownbefore.InpeacefultimesthepotatospreadthroughoutIrelandasahealthyandreliablesourceoffood.Intimesofwaritwaspopularaswell.Whensoldiersdestroyedfarmers'cropsandlivestockassoldiersoftendid,thepotatowouldsurvivebecauseitwashidden,andburiedbelowground.Whenthesoldiersleft,p

45、eoplecouldstilldiguppotatoesandeatthem.IrelandwasthefirstcountryinEuropewherethepotatobecameamajorfoodsource.Bythe1800's,thepotatowassoimportantinIrelandthatsomeofthepoorerpartsofthecountryreliedentirelyonthepotatoforfood.Becausethepotatowassoabundantandcouldfeedsomanypeople,itallowedthepopulati

46、onofIrelandtogrowveryquickly.By1840,thecountryspopulationhadswferlolemdlessthanthreemillionintheearly1500'stoastaggeringeightmillionpeoplelargelythankstothepotato.Somemenandwomentriedtowarneveryonethatitwasdangerousforsomanypeopleinoneplacetobedependentonjustonecrop.Unfortunately,noonelistenedto

47、theirwarnings.PartThreeTextAppreciation1. TextAnalysis2. ThemeThesimplelife,honestnatureandgoodwishesofthenewly-marriedcouplearepresentedthroughthedescriptionsoftheirspringplantinginminutedetail.Itrevealsthetraditionalvirtuesofatypicalfarmer:hardwork,simpleliving,discipline,andaboveall,strongsenseof

48、responsibilityforthehappinessofhiswifeandfamily.3. TextStructurePart1(Paras.18):TheyoungcouplespreparationsforthefirstdayoftheirfirstspringsowingPart2(Paras.923):Adetaileddescriptionofthespringsowing.Part3(Paras.2426):Theyoungcouplesyearningsforthefuture4. GeneralAnalysisQuestion:Whatkindofaharvestw

49、erethenewly-wedsgoingtohaveinthefirstdayoftheirfirstspringsowingFortheyoungcouple,thefirstdayoftheirfirstspringsowingwasanextremelyimportantday,becauseitnotonlywoulddeterminethecroptheywouldharvestinautumn,butalsowouldshowwhatkindofwifeandhusbandtheywouldprovetoeachotherandwhatkindoffamilytheywerego

50、ingtohave.5. FurtherQuestionsonAppreciationFurtherQuestionsonAppreciation1. WhatvaluesandmoralprinciplesarebeingidealizedhereIsitstillthesametodayDoyouagreethatthetraditionalworkethicisoutofdateAresuchqualitiesashardwork,diligence,thrift,responsibility,discipline,simpleandhonestliving,ruggedindividu

51、alismandself-reliance,etc.stillvalued2. WhatchangeshavetakenplaceinsocialethicssinceourgrandfatherstimeIsthereanythingthatremainsunchanged3. LetspretendthatyouareMartinDelaneyorMarylivinginthe21stcentury.WhatkindofapersonwouldyouliketohaveasyourwifeorhusbandWhatqualitieswouldyouliketofindinyourspous

52、eII.WritingDeviceOnomatopoeiaDefinition:Theuseofwordsthatbytheirsoundsuggesttheirmeaning.Someonomatopoeticwordsare“hiss”,“buzz”,“whirr”,“sizzle”,“crack”.However,onomatopoeiainthehandsofapoetorawriterbecomesamuchmoresubtledevicethansimplytheuseofsuchwords.Outside,cockswerecrowingandawhitestreakwasris

53、ingfromtheground.(Para.1)heturnedupthefirstsodwithacrunchingsoundasthegrassrootsweredraggedoutoftheearth.(Para.13)Shewasjustmunchingherbreadandbutter.(Para.17)Theraspingnoisecarriedalongwayinthesilence.(Para.19)Cowswerelowingatadistance.(Para.26)AnotableexampleappearsinThePrincessbyTennyson:Themoano

54、fdovesinimmemorialelms,Andmurmuringofinnumerablebees.Ihaveeverheardtherippleoftheriver,thesoughingofthetreesswayedbythewind,themurmursofthecrowds,thefaintringofincomprehensiblewordscriedfromafar,thewhisperofavoicespeakingfrombeyondthethresholdofaneternaldarkness.IV.SentenceParaphrase1. .WhileMaryrak

55、edoutthelivecoalsthathadlainhiddenintheashes(Para.1)rakedout:toclearfireplacebyshakingandpullingatollinsideitlivecoals:burningcoalshadlainhiddenintheashes:hadbeenburiedundertheashes2. itwashatefulleavingawarmbedatsuchanearlyhour.(Para.2)itwashatefulleaving:“It+linkverb+adj./noun+presentparticiple”is

56、acommonwayofcommentingonwhatyouaredoingorexperiencing.Insteadofpresentparticiples,youcanusetheinfinitive.Itsbeennicetalkingtoyou.ItsdifflitcutryingtopersuadeapersonlikeRicky.Itsimportanttoknowyourownlimitations.Itisnecessarytoupgradeanti-virussoftwareregularly.3. sleepyandyetonfirewithexcitement,for

57、itwasthefirstdayoftheirfirstspringsowingasmanandwife.(Para.3)onfire:burningwithemotion;fullofardorAlthoughstillnotfullyawake,theyoungcouplewasalreadygreatlyexcited,becausethatdaywasthefirstdayoftheirfirstspringplantingaftertheygotmarried.4. Butsomehowtheimminenceofaneventthathadbeenlongexpected,love

58、d,fearedandpreparedformadethemdejected.(Para.3)imminenceofanevent:thefactthatsth.(usu.unpleasant)isnowabouttotakeplacedejected:irritated;inlowspirits;disheartened-Thecouplehadbeenlookingforwardtoandpreparingforthisspringplantingforalongtime,butnowthatthedayhadfinallyarrived,strangely,theyfeltsomehow

59、abitsad.5. Mary,withhershrewdwomansmind,thoughtofasmanythingsasthereareinlifeasawomanthinkinthefirstjoyandanxietyofhermating.(Para.3)-Mary,likeallsharpandsmartwomen,thoughtofmanythingsinlifewhenshegotmarried.6. Martinfelloverabaskerinthehalf-darknessofthebarn,hesworeandsaidthatamanwouldbebetteroffdeadthan(Para.3)-Inthebarn,itwasstillverydarkasitwasveryearlyinthemorning.SoMartintrippedoverabasket.Hecursedandsaidthatitwouldbebetterofftodiethantohavetogetupatsuchanearlyhourandbeginthedaysprtobilablyfortherestofhislife.7. Andsomehow,astheyembraced,alltheirirritationa