1、定語從句一.關系代詞 VS關系副詞關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。 關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。1） who, whom, that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想見你的人嗎？ （ who/that 在從句中作主語）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that 在從句中作賓語）2） Whose用來指人或物，（只

2、用作定語，若指物，它還可以同 of which 互換），例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。3） which, that它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：你拿A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countrysi

3、de.農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作主語）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.的包快散了。 （which / that在句中作賓語）關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。1） when, where, why關系副詞 when, where, why的含義相當于"介，+ which"結構，因此常常和"介，+ which"結構交替使用，例如：There are occasions when (on

4、 which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？二.判斷關系代詞與關系副詞方法一：用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last ye

5、ar.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判斷改錯：(錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.(錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.(對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.(對) I'll never forget the days (which) I

6、 spent in the countryside.習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞where, when 聯系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。方法二：準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。例 1. Is this museum you visited a few days age?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例 2. Is this the museum the exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案

7、：例1 D ,例2 A例 1 變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢his museum is you visited a few days ago.例 2 變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢his is the museum the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而 where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關系代詞，所以應選D。而句2中，主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where ,又因in the museum 詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中，介詞 on用的不 對

8、，所以選Ao關系詞的選擇依據在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose）; 先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關系副詞 （where 地點狀語，when時間狀語，why原因狀語）。三：限制性和非限制性定語從句1）定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，例如：This is the house that we bought last month.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。

9、（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）2）當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經是我的老師。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。This novel, whic

10、h I have read three times, is very touching.這本小說很動人，我已經讀了三遍。3）非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞，對其進行修飾，這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā)。說明：關系代詞that和關系副詞 why不能引導非限制性定語從句

11、。四：介詞+關系詞1）介詞后面的關系詞不能省略。2） that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的"介詞+關系詞"結構可以同關系副詞 when和where 互換。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?五：

12、關系代詞that的用法1）不用that的情況a）在引導非限定性定語從句時。（錯） The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b）介詞后不能用。We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2)只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況a) 在there be 句型中，只用 that ,不用which 。b) 在不定代，sj, 如： anything, no

13、thing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that ,不用which 。c) 先行詞有the only, the very 修飾時，只用 that 。d)先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用 that。.e)先行詞既有人，又有物時。定語從句專項訓練一、用恰當的關系詞將兩句合并為一句。例：James lives on an island. It's famous for its beautiful beaches.James lives on an island which is famous fo門ts beautif

14、ul beaches.1. The story-book is good. He is reading it.The story-book which/that he is reading is good.2. The watch is very nice. He gave me the watch for my birthday.The watch which/that he gave me for my birthday is very nice.3. The teacher is named Li Hong. She teaches us Chinese.The teacher who/

15、that teaches us Chinese is named Li Hong.4. This is the room. We lived in it last year.This is the room which/that we lived in last year.5. A car crashed into mine. It was green.A car which/that was green crashed into mine.二、用適當的關系代詞或關系副詞填空。1. Why does he always wear clothes 一which are too small for

16、 him?2. Please tell me from _whom you borrowed such a book.3. He is writing to his father, who works in the army.4. What's the name of the river which flows through the town?5. We visited the house 二where Luxun once lived.6. Do you know anybody who wants to buy a car?7. We visited the house in w

17、hich Lu Xun once lived.8. He lives in a room whose windows are very large.9. I met a woman who can speak six languages.10. It ' s the facto y here/in whichmy father used to work.11. This is the boy whose father gave us a talk last week.12. Tell me the reason why you are late again.13. Do you rem

18、ember the time when we were in university?14. I will never forget the stories and people that makes me cry in the film.15. They often go to Dingdangda（叮當達書店 ）,_which一 is not far from their school.三、根據漢語完成句子1. The man （正在澆花的）is my uncle.2. Here is all the money.（我所擁有的）3. 3. The necklace is not the on

19、ly thing.（所丟失的）4. I saw an old man and the dog on the road.（正在街上散步的）5. The English book （封皮是紅色的）was lost.答案： 1. who is watering flowers 2. that I have3. that is missing4. that were taking a walk 5. whose cover is red四、單項選擇1 .The book he bought yesterday is very interesting.A. /B. whyC. whenD. what2.

20、 The wolves hid themselves in the places couldn' t be foundA. thatB. whereC. in whichD. in that3. Can you lend me the novel the other day?A. that you talkedB.you talked about itC. which you talked withD.you talked about4. This was the best model of a radio set the factory produced in 1997.A. tha

21、t B. whereC.whichD.when5. May the fourth is the day weChinese people willnever forget.A. which B. whenC.on which D.about which6. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou,live my grandparents and some relatives.A. which B. thatC. whoD. where7. He told me everything he had seen in the fa

22、ctory.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where8. Is that the reason you are in favour of the proposal?A. whichB. whatC. whyD. for that9. The first thing my sister is going to do this evening is to write a report about Englishstudy.A. which B. whoC. thatD. why10. He has two sons,work as chemists.A. two of whom

23、B. both of whomC. both of whichD. all of whom11. I,your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who isB. who amC. that isD. what is12. Who ' s the man you just talked with?A. whoB. whomC. thatD. all the above13. Do you know which hotel?A. she is stayingB. she is staying inC. is she stay

24、ingD. is she staying in14. Sorry, we don ' t have the coat you need.A. whatB. whoC. whomD. which15. I have many books, some of are on chemistry.A. themB. thatC. whichD. those中考仿真模擬I.單項選擇1.who wish to enter the cinema should buy a ticket.A.ThoseB.ThemC.TheseD.Anyone2.I have explained everything_I

25、 can to you.A.thatB.whatC.allD.which3.Who is the manmade mistakes?A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose4.The playgroundwe built last year is very large.A.whereB.whenC.whyD.which5 .Do you know the girl ?A.he often talks toB.to who he often talksC.to that he often talksD.whom he often talk to6 .The playground we p

26、lay football is very small.A.whyB.whenC.on thatD.where7 .Do you often go and visit the friends you worked together for many years?A.whoB.whomC.with themD.with whom8.I can't forget the day I join the League.A.on whichB.whenC.thatD.both A and B9.I want to know the reason he was late.A.becauseB.tha

27、tC.whyD.which10.October 1st,1949 is the day the People's Republic of China was founded.A.on thatB.whenC.whereD.in which11.In the room window is wide open lives an old woman.A.whereB.whoseC.whichD.thatm.在下面各句空格內填上適當的關系詞，并說明其在定語從句中的用法1.Can you tell me the reason it is so hot today?2.The museum we

28、visited yesterday is not far from here.3.I want to know the day Shanghai was liberated.4.The room has two windows is our office.5.We'll never forget the years we spent in the countryside.6.Is that the parkthey have ever been.7 .No one knows the reason for he didn't attend the meeting.8 .Will

29、 you show me the classroom you are studying?9 .Have you heard of the university atI worked?10 .Be sure to call on me next timeyou come to Suzhou.m.用介詞加關系代詞填空1 .Do you see the buildingflew a red flag?2 .The boythe patient is leaning is his son.3 .The songI often listen is“ Old Black Joe”.4 .A plane i

30、s a machineyou can travel everywhere.5 .The manyou are waiting is coming soon.6 .Do you notice the telescopewe can see many stars far away.7 .The clothpeople were talking was wonderful.8 .He is an experienced worker,we can learn a lot.9 .The birdhe was shooting flew away.10 .Air,man can't live,i

31、s invisible.11 .Mother bought me a painting-brush,I can draw beautiful pictures.12 .The girl,I lent the bike,is my classmate.13 .Einstein was a famous physicist,Theory of Relativity was put forward.14 .Do you know the PLA manI went to the exhibition yesterday?15 .The moon is a globenothing can live.16.I have two brothers, are Party members.17 .We all know the liquid,the bo