1、第四講特殊句式和主謂一致語法項目（一）特殊句式（強調句型、倒裝句和 there be 句型）考綱解讀定方向特殊句式在高考語法填空和短文改錯中考查較少，但是作為語法中的一個重點和難 點，我們應在備考中給予足夠的重視。特殊句式的重要性主要體現在書面表達之中，它們基本上都是高級句式，它們的應用對于提升文章的檔次起著舉足輕重的作用。（夯基礎）墾陽狗反一語法填空怎么考特殊句式的解題技法 銘記句式結構（強調句型）實例體驗1. （2017 天津卷）It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.解析：th

2、at 此處是“It is/wasthat”強調句式，強調的是 when引導的時間狀語從句，故填that 。2. （2016 天津卷）You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.解析：that 分析句子結構可知，本句為強調句型。at the hotel是被強調部分，缺少強調句式中的that ,故填that。3. （2020 湖北四地七校聯考 ）However, like so many other things , it is only too much stress does y

3、ou harm.解析：that 句意：但是，像很多其他的事情一樣，只有太多的壓力才會傷害到你。去 掉it is及設空處，句子結構和意義仍然完整，因此此句為強調句，其基本句型為“ It is/was+被強調部分+ that/who +其他”。本句被強調的部分為事物。故填 that 。4. （2020 湖北襄陽四校聯考 ）Although it was ten years ago I read the book,it shows me a universal truth that books are friends, always pushing us to move on.解析：that 分析句

4、子結構可知，本句為強調句型，強調時間狀語，故填 that。5. （2020 湖北荊門調研 ）It wasn't until in high school I began to trustother people again.解析：that 句意：直到上了高中我才開始再次信任別人。本句考查強調句型“It is/was+被強調部分+ that/who +其他成分”，且強調時間狀語，故填 that。6. （2020 江西樟樹中學等六校聯考）In that way, World Read Aloud Day（do） help make a difference.解析：does 句意：通過那種方

5、式，世界大聲讀書日的確幫助產生了影響。本句主語為World Read Aloud Day ,設空處后的謂語動詞是動詞原形help ,根據提示詞do可知本題考查強調。do/does/did 放在實義動詞前表示強調。因主語為單數第三人稱，故填 does。7. （2020 .福州模擬）And is tai chi that has helped her understand thevalue of “going slowly ".解析：it 分析句子結構可知，本句為強調句型，故填 it。重點強化一、強調句式的常用結構1 .強調句的基本句型是“It is/was +被強調的部分+ that/

6、who +其他部分”。被強調 的部分可以是主語、賓語或狀語等。2 .強調句的特殊句式強調句的特殊句式結構構成一般疑問句Is/Was it +被強調部分+ that/who +句子其他部分？特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+ is/was it +that十句子其他部分？not until 句式It is/was not until.+ that十句子其他部分。not.but句式It is not.+ that.,not.but.thatbut./It is二、強調謂語動詞強調謂語動詞時，要在所強調的謂語動詞前加助動詞do, does或did。The family did manage to send hi

7、m to a technical school.家里的人的確設法讓他上了 一所技術學校。注意：被強調的是時間、地點或原因狀語時，一律用 that。PW5s=l倒裝原則要記牢（倒裝句）實例體驗1. （2020 -四川部分名校聯測 ）At the top of the hill（lie） an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.解析：lies當介詞短語置于句首時，句子應用完全倒裝，去除修飾部分which has awonderful view of the whole city 后，還原成正常語序為：An old co

8、ttage （lie）at the top of the hill. 句意：山頂上坐落著一間能一覽全城美景的古老小屋。結合定語從 句的時態可以判斷，此處應用一般現在時，故填 lies。2. （天津卷）Only after Mary read her composition the second time she notice the spelling mistake.解析：did 當only修飾的時間狀語位于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝，且由本句時態可 知應用一般過去時，故填 did。句子還原為正常語序為：Mary noticed the spelling mistakeonly after sh

9、e read her composition the second time.3. (2019 煙臺二模 )So necessary I found it to learn about my kid'sschoolwork that I will visit his teachers next week.解析：have 考查sothat 倒裝句式，正常語序為I have found it so necessary tolearn about my kid's schoolwork that I will visit his teachers next week.4. (2020

10、 臨沂月考)Not a single word he say when he was asked, whichmade his parents angry.解析：did 否定副詞not位于句首時，句子要用部分倒裝，由 when he was asked 可 知應填助動詞did。5. (2020 崇州模擬)Hardly she gone out when a student cameto visit her.解析：had 此題考查hardly.when 句式，該句式主句應用過去完成時。重點強化1 .不要把全部倒裝誤用作部分倒裝(1)當表示地點、時間或方位的副詞或介詞短語置于句首時，句子用全部倒裝

11、。(2)當作表語的介詞短語、形容詞、副詞或分詞置于句首時，句子用全部倒裝。(3)直接引語置于句首時，句子也用全部倒裝。2 .不要把部分倒裝誤用作全部倒裝(1)當否定詞以及由no構成的否定短語置于句首時，用部分倒裝。(2)當“only +狀語(從句)”置于句首時，句子用部分倒裝。(3)在so/such.that句式中，當“so +形容詞/副詞"或"such +名詞”位于句首時，其后的句子用部分倒裝。(4)當as/though表示“雖然，盡管"，引導讓步狀語從句時用部分倒裝。(though引導的讓步狀語從句也可以不倒裝)(5)在含有had/were/should 的i

12、f虛擬條件句中，可以省略 if ,將had/were/should 放 在主語前，構成部分倒裝。(6)當表示前面所說的肯定(或否定)情況也適用于另一個人或事物時，常用“ so(或neither/nor) + be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞+主語”，表示"也是(或也不)”。勒里費!牢記there be句型及其他結構實例體驗1. (2019 -鄭州模擬)is no doubt that keeping an English diary helps youa lot with written English.解析：There此題考查固定句型 There is no doubt that. 意為

13、“毫無疑問”。2. (2018 北京卷改編)In any unsafe situation , simply (press) the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.解析：press考查固定句型。句意：在任何不安全的情況下，只要按下按鈕，一個訓練有素的代理人就會給你你需要的幫助。分析句子結構可知，此處為祈使句，所以用動詞原 形。3. There is a house near the river.There lives a manin the house and there (be) a lot

14、of fish in the river.解析：are此處表示河里有很多魚。fish指的是魚不是魚肉，fish單復數同形，故謂語動詞用復數are。4. (浙江卷)There are some health problems that , when(not treat) in time , can become bigger ones later on.解析：not treated本題考查省略句的用法。完整的句子應該是.when they are nottreated in time ,.。重點強化There be及其他特殊結構1 . There be 結構There be/stands/lie

15、s/lives. ; There is no need/doubt/possibility/sense/point. 等。2 . there be 句型be動詞的單復數要根據就近一致原則確定be的單復數，there be句型不要誤用作there have 。3 .狀語從句的省略當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致或從句的主語為it ,且從句謂語動詞含有be動詞時，可省略狀語從句的主語和be動詞。4 . if條件句的省略用so或not代替上文內容，此時可用“if so/not ”省略句式。其他類似結構還有if ever , if any , if possible 等。5 .祈使句勿把動詞原形用作非

16、謂語動詞。6 .感嘆句由what和how引導感嘆句。語法項目(二)主謂一致考綱解讀定方向在英語中，句子謂語動詞的形式應與句子的主語在人稱和數上保持一致。主謂一致主要分為語法一致、意義一致以及就近、就遠一致三種。近年來高考對主謂一致的考查主要 集中在語法一致和意義一致上，并且常常將主謂一致與動詞的時態和語態結合起來進行綜合 考查。II語法填空上怎么考情掛透析金驗探尋解題題律1語法一致、意義一致、就近、就遠一致原則解決主謂一致實例體驗1. (2017 浙江卷 11 月)This isn't as hard as it(sound), and it is farbetter than any

17、 other method because you improve your vocabulary while reading aninteresting piece of literature.解析：sounds 考查主謂一致。分析句子結構可知，本句中第二個 as引導從句，從句中it是主語，且根據上文的isn't和全文時態可知，此處應用一般現在時，故填 sounds o 2. (2020 湖北七市聯考 )A red rose , rather than yellow roses , (act) as the traditional romantic gift given to you

18、r love on Valentine's Day.解析：acts 考查時態及主謂一致。本段描述的都是客觀情況，故應用一般現在時；句子的主語是 A red rose ,而不是rather than 后的yellow roses ,所以謂語動詞應該用單數形式，故填acts 。3. (2020 -鄭州第一次質量預測)In general , preparing for new debate topics usually (include) brainstorming arguments , researching a resolution( 解決),and doing debate pra

19、ctice.解析：includes考查主謂致。 本句中主語為preparing for new debate topics ,是動名詞短語，故謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。4. (2020 -太原階段測評 furthermore , the amount of sleep (change) greatly over the past 15 years.解析：has changed 考查動詞時態和主謂一致。根據該句中的時間狀語"over the past15 years ”可知，此處應用現在完成時，且該句的主語是"the amount of sleep ",故謂語 動

20、詞用單數形式。5. (2019 河北五個一名校聯盟二模)In that way you can find articles just aboutanything that(be) related to the science fields you are interested in.解析：is考查主謂一致。關系代詞 that指代的是先行詞 anything ,并在從句中作主 語，再結合全文的時態可知，應填 is。重點強化1 .可數名詞單數或不可數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數；可數名詞復數作主語時，謂 語動詞用復數。2 .在定語從句中，關系代詞that , who), which等作主語時，其謂

21、語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。3 .非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語，謂語動詞一般用單數。但 what引導的主語從句表 示復數概念時，謂語動詞用復數。4 .就近原則：由 either.or,neithernor,not onlybut also. 等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常與最近的主語在人稱和數上保持一致。5 .就遠原貝U：主語后跟有 with , together with , as well as, but , except , along with , rather than 等引起的短語時，謂語動詞的數要與前面的主語保持一致。 If對點集訓上提素養克基練提能練-握售升華|小題夯基練單

22、句語法填空1 . They celebrate Christmas here , and there are obviously displays in shops and Christmas markets , but seem to be no signs of Christmas adverts.解析：there 句意：他們在這里慶祝圣誕節，而且很明顯商店和圣誕節市場里有很多 展覽品，但是似乎沒有圣誕廣告的跡象。考查there be句型，be動詞可用lie , exist , seem,remain等替代。2 . I was in trouble in overcoming my add

23、iction to alcohol, and was myfriend Mike.解析：so 根據句意判斷，所填的詞要能表達出后一種情況與前面情況相同這一意義， 故用so,構成“so +謂語動詞+主語”這種倒裝結構，表示“也:3 . Only then we realize there was an earthquake.I was too frightenedto move.解析：did句意：只有在那時我們才意識到地震發生了。我太害怕了以至于一動不動。“only +狀語”位于句首，后面的句子需要部分倒裝。本句介紹的是過去的事情，需用一般 過去時，故填did。4 . One has reaso

24、n to believe that China's anti-corruption over the past few years , tough it is , has achieved inspiring progress.解析：as/though 句意：有理由相信在過去的幾年里中國的反腐活動取得了令人鼓舞 的成就，雖然該活動很艱難。as/though引導讓步狀語從句時采用了部分倒裝。5 . Now just in front of the house(stand)a tall tree with a historyof 100 years.解析： stands 句意：現在，就在這

25、座房子前面聳立著一棵有100年歷史的大樹。表示地點的介詞短語置于句首，且主語是名詞，后面的主語、謂語部分需用全部倒裝形式；根據時間狀語Now可推知設空處需用一般現在時；本句主語為第三人稱單數，故填 stands。6 More than one doctor (be) involved in the rescue that took place afterthe earthquake.解析： was 句意：許多醫生都加入到了震后的營救工作中。“ more than one 可數名詞單數”作主語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。根據從句用一般過去時可知，主句也應用一般過去時。故填 was。 7 Th

26、e traditional Chinese marriage usually (involve) some necessaryprocedures ， such as match-making ， engagement ， meeting the bride ， and three bows.解析： involves 考查主謂一致。根據該句中的 usually 可知，此處表示經常發生的動作，故用一般現在時；主語 The traditional Chinese marriage 為第三人稱單數，故謂語動詞應用單數形式。 8 While most water towns are in the so

27、uth ， Shandong's Tai' erzhuang stands out in the north.The town (be) on the bank of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.解析： is 考查時態和主謂一致。該句主語為“ The town ”，為單數，故謂語動詞用單數；該句陳述的是當前的情況，故用一般現在時。句意：這個小城位于京杭大運河的岸邊。 9 In my life ， it is music which is extremely important brings me closerto my friends an

28、d family.解析： that 考查強調句型。此題強調 music ， which is extremely important 為定語從句修飾先行詞music 。 10 It's said that not getting enough sleep (lead) to poor judgement，lack of creativity ， and even depression.解析： leads 從句中主語not getting enough sleep 是動名詞結構，謂語動詞應用單數形式，根據主句的時態可知，此處應用一般現在時，所以填 leads 。 大題提能練語法填空倒裝專

29、練There 1.(be) a girl named Cinderella whose stepmother had two ugly andlazy daughters.Not only did they get good cares ， but also they needed to do nothing.However,2.by doing dirty housework could Cinderella get access tofood ； and seldom could she 3.(gain) some rest.Not 4.midnight wasshe allowed to

30、 go to bed.Poor 5.she was， she was very beautiful.One day ，from the palace came 6.invitation ， saying that the prince would choose his wife.Away went her stepmother and her stepsisters to the palace.Never had Cinderella7. (be) permitted to go with them. “8.(be) I a princess ， I wouldlive a whole new

31、 life ！” sighed Cinderella.No sooner had she sat down than a goddess appeared and gave her a smart dress ， a cargo as well as horses.But she warned Cinderella that everything would disappear at 12 o'clock.When Cinderella arrived at theparty,9. attractive was Cinderella that the prince only danced withand she lefther.Hardly had the clock stricken twelve when Cinderella be