1、on子特殊句式一、倒裝“主語+謂語”是英語句子的最基本結(jié)構(gòu)。如果把謂語放在主語之前，該句就成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。1、完全倒裝：謂語動詞完全放在主語之前的句子，便(1)在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中There stands an old tree on the top of thehill.(2)在表示方位或時間的副詞或介詞短語、如： here, there, now, then ,up , down,in, out, away, off, in the room,the wall等置于句首，且以名詞作主語的句Here comes the bus.Away flew the birds.Out went th

2、e children.Nowcomes your turn.現(xiàn)在輪到你了。【注意】中語是代詞就不用倒裝.即主謂語序 不變。Away ran the thief. Away he ran.2、部分倒裝只杷謂語的一部分(多為助動詞或情態(tài)動詞) 置于主語之前的句子，叫部分倒裝句。(1) 否定詞(hardly, seldom, never, rarely , in no way, under no circumstances, by no means, not only , , , but also, not until ) (2)表示否定或者半否定意義的副詞，介詞短 語，連詞等置于句首。否定副詞 n

3、ever, nor,not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意義的介詞短語 at no time, under/in no circumstances,in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于旬首時要倒裝,不在句首則用正常語序。 Never have I seen such a performance.Hardly do I think possible to finish the job before dark.=I hardly think it possible to finish

4、the job before dark.練一練1. Never in mywildest dreams B thesepeople are living in such poor conditions.A. I could imagine B. could I imagineC. I couldn ' t imagine D. couldn ' tI imagine2. Only then D how much damage hadbeen caused.A. she realized B. she had realized C. had she realized D. did

5、 she realize(3) so 放在句首， So + adj. /adv - that , 意為“如此以至于”后接表語或狀 語，再品M that從句，so后面的主句要倒裝,而 that引導(dǎo)的從何不倒裝。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.So easy is that a boy can learn in.如此容易，以至一個孩子都能學(xué)會。練一練So difficult B_it to work out theproblem that I decided to ask Tom for

6、 advice.A. I did findB. did I find練一練C. I have found D. have I foundB that Marci was able to setup new branches elsewhere.A. So successful her business wasB. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successfulD. So was her successful business(4)so + be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 +主語，意 為“也”That man is a do

7、ctor, so is his wife. He likes pop music very much, so do I .此句型也可寫成“it is the same with ”， 或 “so it is with ”。They love having lots of friends,“it isthe same with me./so it is with me. ” so開始的簡短反應(yīng)如果是對別人說的情況加 以肯定，對前面內(nèi)容的肯定或附和，句子不可使用倒裝。試比較： A: I was afraid. A:I wasafraid.8: So was I. B:So youwere. nei

8、ther/nor+ be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 +主語，意為“也不這樣”。I ' ve never been abroad. Neither has she. The boy can ' t swim and neither / nor can the girl.此句型也可寫成“it is the same with ”， 或 “so it is with ”。Lily can' t ride, it is the same with Lucy/ so it is with Lucy1. It ' s burning hot today, isn ' t i

9、tYes, A yesterday.A. So was it B. So it was C. Soit is D. So is it2. My room gets very cold at night.一 CA. So is mine B. So mine is C. Sodoes mine D. So mine does(5) only 修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句，且 放在句首時要倒裝。Only then did I understand why she did so.Only in this waycan you study English well.Only when the war

10、was over in 1880 was he able to continue this work.使用特點： 在部分倒裝句中，如果謂語部分無助動詞，則需找助動詞來“幫助”它構(gòu)成倒裝句。Only after the war he learned the sad news.(X)only修飾狀語從何時,從何不可倒裝，主旬 要部分倒裝。Only when he returned did we find out the truth.only修飾主語時，句子不可倒裝.Only mother can understand me. B snacks and drinks, butthey also br

11、ought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.A. Not only they broughtB. Not only did they bringC. Not only brought theyD. Not only they did bring對名詞(或中心詞是名詞)感嘆時，用 what引 導(dǎo)；對形容詞或副詞感嘆時，用 how引導(dǎo)。(6) as , though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時采用形式倒裝的情況表語的倒裝:Young as/ though he is , he knows some of the fam

12、ily secrets.Strangeas/though it seems , it is true.謂語動詞的倒裝Try as Imight, I couldn ' t lift the stone.Search asthey would here and there, they could find nothing in the room.狀語的倒裝，Much as helikes the bike, he doesn' t want to buy it. Hard as Istudied , I could not catch up with them.如果是單數(shù)名詞或形

13、容詞的最高級作表語、不再用冠詞Child as he is, he can carry the big box.Youngest as he is in our class, he speaksEnglish best.練一練A,Tom couldn ' t make thedoor open.A. Try as she might B. As she might tryC. she might as try D. might sheas try二、強調(diào)It is/was+ 被強調(diào)部分+that/who+句子剩余成 分所強調(diào)的可以是單詞、短語，也可以是從旬， 但結(jié)構(gòu)必須完整。被強調(diào)的成

14、分可以是主叁 賓語或狀語等,但不能是定語或謂語Wecalled on Prof. Wangat his office this morning.今早我們到王教授的辦公室拜訪了 他。- It was we who/ that called on Prof.Wang at his office this morning.-It was Prof. Wang who/ that we called on at his office this morning.(1) 這種強調(diào)句的一般疑問句只需把 is ( was) 提前,即：Is/Was it + 被強調(diào)部分+that/who + 句子剩余成分。Wa

15、s it your brother who works in thatcompany(2)特殊疑問句的強調(diào)句型只需在一般疑問句 前加上特殊疑問詞，即：特殊疑問詞+ is/was + it + that +句子剩余成分.Who was it that wrote these famous plays Where was it that you picked up the wallet1. It was along the Mississippi RiverC Mark Twain spent much of hischildhood.A. how B. which C. that D.where

16、2. Where did you get to know her It was on the farm D we worked.A. that B. there C. which 強調(diào)句型，被強調(diào)的是時間狀語，因此用介詞D. wherenotuntil句型的強調(diào)句其強調(diào)句式為：It is/was not until + 被強調(diào) 部分+ that +其他成分。此句型只用until ,不 用till 。但如果不是強調(diào)句型，till , until 可通用；He didn ' t go to bed until ten o ' clock. Tt was not until ten

17、o' clock that he went to bed.I didn ' t realized she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 一It was not until she took off her dark glassesthat realized she was a famous film star.強調(diào)句型中的it與作形式主語的it可根據(jù)能 否恢復(fù)原句來判斷，即把It is/was 和that去 掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能構(gòu)成一個完整的句 子，這就是強調(diào)句型，否則就不是。It i

18、s there that we met each other.It is clear that not all boys like football. 【注意】強調(diào)句型與It is/was + 時間+ when/before 從句的區(qū)別在 “It is/was+ 時間 + when/before 從句”中，it指時間，when/before引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從 句。注意兩種句型“時間”表達方式的不同。It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.It was midnight when/betore I go back home yester

19、day.短語表達;一般句型，時間以名詞的方式表達, 用來作表語。練一練It was D he cameback from Africathat year he met the girl he wouldlike to marry.A. when; then B. not; until C. notuntil; that D. only; when【注意】It is/was - that/who結(jié)構(gòu)不能強 調(diào)謂語。如果需要強調(diào)謂語，用助動詞 do, did 或 does。I do hope you ' ll stay to lunch.Do come here tomorrow.He d

20、id attend the meeting.I A hope that every one of us will be successful in our studies.A. do B. did C. doesD. doingI ' ve been studying the science of outer space for the last ten years and now I still A .A. am B. do C. beD. have三、反意疑問句主要考查主從復(fù)合句和并列句的反意疑問句1、陳述部分含有must的反意疑問句 當(dāng)must作“必須”講時，其反意疑問部分 用n

21、eedn' t; 當(dāng)含有mustn' t （不允許、禁止） 時，其反意疑問部分用 must/may。You must go homeright now, needn' t you 你 必須得現(xiàn)在回家，對嗎You mustn' t walk on grass, must you 你 不能踐踏草地，不是嗎(2)當(dāng) must/may( might)表示推測，即 must 作 “一定，準是”講，分2種情況：(3)對現(xiàn)在的推測：看must后面的動詞(2) 對過去的推測： 存在于 must have+ 過去分 回時，有以下兩種情況：有過去時間狀語，如last night,

22、yesterday 等，反問部分的謂語動詞為 didn't +主語 沒有具體得而過去時間狀語。反問部分用 haven' t/ hasn ' t + 主語。You must/may (might) be tirednow,aren ' t youYou must have seen the film, _haven' tyouHe must have met her yesterday, _didn ' t you2、陳述部分謂語動詞為 ought to/used to 的 反意疑問句其反意疑問部分可采取兩種形式；He used to live i

23、n China, usedn' t /didn ' t heShe ought to know about it, oughtn ' t/shouldn ' t she3、陳述部分含有否定詞或半否定 詞的反意疑問 句當(dāng)陳述部分帶有 no, no one, neither, nor, none of, seldom , hardly , scarcely , never, few, little , nothing , nobody 等否定詞或半 否定詞時，反意疑問部分的動詞用肯定形式。You have never been to Beijing, have yo

24、u Nothing is wrong with your TV set, is it【注意】如果陳述部分含有由表示“否定”意 義的前綴構(gòu)成的詞,其反意疑問部分一般用否 定式。He was unsuccessful, wasn ' t he She looked unhappy, didn ' t she 4、陳述部分含有賓語從句的反意疑問句 (1)當(dāng)陳述部分帶有賓語從句時，反意疑問部 分的主語與謂語常和主句保持一致He said that he would come to my birthday party, didn ' t he(2)陳述部分的主句謂語動詞是thin

25、k,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine 、且主句主語為第一人稱時, 反意疑問部分的主語和謂語與賓語從句的主語 和謂語保持一致；但動詞不是一般現(xiàn)在時或一 般過去時，疑問部分和主句的主語和謂語一致。 陳述部分的主句主語為第二、三人稱時,后面 的疑問部分與主句的主語、謂語一致。I think the question is difficult, isn' titI don ' t think he can finish the work, canheWe had never thought that it was going to be so d

26、ifficult, hadn ' t weYou don' t think I am wrong, do you Nancy doesn' t believe that it is a good idea to buy the bigger computer, does she 5、祈使句的反意疑問句祈使句后的附力口問句不表示反意.而表示一種 以。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：(1) 否定祈使句，+will you(2)肯定祈使句，+ wil l/won ' t you(3) Let ' s，+shall we Letus,+ will/won ' t you(4)

27、 Let + 第三人稱，+will you Open the door , will/won ' t you Let' s go out for a walk, shall we Let us go home now, will/won ' t you 6、回答反意疑問句時應(yīng)遵循的原則不管是陳述部分為否定，還是附加問句為否定， 回答時只看所提到的事情是否已/會發(fā)生。如 果發(fā)生了，用肯定回答，否用否定回答。如當(dāng) 對方問你 You aren ' t a teacher , are you 或 You are a teacher , arent you 時，你只要聽

28、懂you和teacher兩個單詞即可，如果你是老 師，回答 Yes, I am.否則，回答 No, I amnot.要么肯定到底，要么否定到底，不要出現(xiàn)類似 于 Yes, I don ' t 或 No, I do.的形式。體驗高考：must be helping the old man to water the flowers,BA. is he B. isn' t heC. must be D. mustn ' t he2. Sally ' s never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theater, _ B A. ha

29、sn ' t sheB. has sheC. isn ' t she D. is she3. It ' s the first time that he has been to Australia,CA. isn ' t he B. hasn ' t heC. isn ' t it D. hasn ' t it四、省略一、定語從句中的省略現(xiàn)象定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that , which , whomlt可以省略。That is the naughty boy (whom/ that) we talked last week.二、狀語

30、從句中的省略現(xiàn)象1 .當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致， 且從句中含be動詞時,可以省略狀語從句中的 主語和be動詞，He won t come unless (he is) invited.I learned much of mechanics while (I was)at school. 機械2 .如果狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致，謂 語動詞部分沒有be動詞時，如果從句的謂語可 以用動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞代替， 則可以省略主語，如：After she sang, she left the ri ch man' s house.After singing, she lef

31、t the rich man' shouse.3 .如果狀語從句的主語和謂語部分是it is/ was時，it is / was可以省略，此時構(gòu)成“連 詞(if , unless , when, whenever 等)+ 形容詞” 作狀語。如：When ( it is ) necessary you can help us todo something.另外，我們還可以用so或not代替上文內(nèi)容， 此時可有“if +so/not ”省略句式。Get up early tomorrow. If not ( lf you don' t get up early) , you wil

32、l miss the first bus.He may not be at home then. If so ( If he is not at home) ,leave him a note.【注意】當(dāng)從句的主語和主句的賓語一致時,問或也有這樣的省略。Her father told her to be careful when( she was) crossing the street.這時從句中可出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu)：(1) 連詞(as , as if , once) + 名詞 Once( he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office

33、.(2) 連詞(though , whether, wherj) + 形容詞 Work hard when(you are) young, or you ' ll regret.(3)連詞(whether , as if , while) + 介詞短語 Helooked everywhere as if( he was)in search of something.(4) 連詞(when , while , though) + 現(xiàn)在分詞 When(I am) in trouble, I always turn to her for help.(5) 連詞(when, if , even

34、 if , unless, once, than,as ) +過去分詞The exhibition is more interesting than( it was) expected.(6)連詞(as if , as though ) + 不定式He opened his lips as if( he were) to speak. 三、不定式的省略1 .單獨使用不定式符號to，代替動詞不定式后 被省略的部分，常用在be afraid, expect, forget,hope, intend,like,love,mean,prefer, refuse , seem,try,want,wish

35、 等后邊。He invited me to have dinner with him, butI didn ' t want to (have dinner with him).2 .如果不定式中含有 be, have, have been , 通常保留be, have和have been。如： -Are you a sailor -He hasn' t finished yet.-No, but I used to be. -Well,heought to have.3 .不定式充當(dāng)賓語補足語在see, hear, feel, watch, make, have 等感官動詞和

36、使役動詞后， 省略to，但在被動語態(tài)中須把to補上。例如； We saw the car stop. The car was seen to stop.4 .否定形式的省略用not to.-Shall I go instead of him-I prefer you not to .5 .不定式符號 to 用在 have, need, ought, be going , used 等后面I didn ' t want to go there, but I had to.6 .不定式符號to用在某些形容詞，如 glad,happy,pleased,delighted 等后面。-Will

37、you join in the game-1 ' d be glad to .7.當(dāng)but意為“除去，除開”，做介詞時，前 有動詞do,其后to多省略；前是其他動詞，其 后則保留。Tom had nothing to do but have a rest.五、祈使句和感嘆句一、祈使句1 .否定式和強調(diào)式Don t open the door.Never say that again.Please don' t forget to take your medicine. Do tell him when you see him.2 .帶主語的祈使旬(1)為了加強語氣或要特別指明向

38、誰提出命令 或要求時，需加主語“ you”，有時還可同時加 稱呼語。Tom, you water the flowers.(2)命令/吩咐幾個人分頭做幾件事情時，祈 使句需帶主語“ you”，還可同時帶稱呼。You, girls, clean the desks; you,boys, sweep the floor.(3)在表達“不高興，厭煩”，等情緒時，可 帶主語“ you” oYou mind your own business!否定式為，要把don' t放在主語you之前， 如： Don' t you do that again.(4)祈使句的主語除了用“ you”外，還

39、可用 “everybody, everyone , somebody someone等，它們可以放在旬末。Be quiet , everyone !3 .祈使句+and +陳述句句=if .+主句Work hard and you will succeed= lf you work hard, you will succeed.二、感嘆句1 .基本構(gòu)成形式(1) What( +a/an) + 形容詞+名詞+主語+謂語！ What a beautiful picture it is!(2) How +形容詞+ a/an +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語 +謂語！How wonderful a plan yo

40、u have made!= What a wonderful plan you have made!【注意】 在復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞之前不 可用“ how+形容詞”構(gòu)成感嘆句，而只能用what。(正)What great changes we have had these years!(誤)How great changes we have had these years!(正)What good news it is!(誤) How good news it is!(3) How +形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語！How kind the girl is!How fluently she sp

41、eaks English!2 .省略形式的感嘆句3 . (1) how 直接修飾謂語動詞：How + 主語+ 謂語！How the wind blows! 風(fēng)真大啊！(2)省略主語和謂語How interesting(it is)!What a clever boy (he is)!練一練：1 .D role she played in the film!No wonder she has won an Oscar.)A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting2. Mar

42、y,D hereeverybody else,stay where you are.A. comeB. comesC. to come D. coming 一、特殊句式試題演練 1.(2016 河北保定二模)Professor Salovery, who invented the term EQ, gives thefollowing description:At work,it isthe EQ that gets you promoted.2.（2016 天津.13 改編）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel that t

43、he coach picks up tourists.3. （2015 安徽合肥名校聯(lián)考）It was not the word you said that angered ,but how you said it.4. （2015 天津 3） Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize（realize）that she has left the contract at home.5. （2014 陜西 17） No sooner had Mo Yan steeped on the stage than the audience

44、broke into thunderous applause.6. （2017江西師范大學(xué)附中模擬）Wasn t it the icy road rather than the drivers that was to blame for the series of trafficaccidents7. （2017 湖南五市十校聯(lián)測）You should be fully prepared before going walking in the all, bring （bring）plenty of drinking water with you.8. （2016 江蘇）Not until re

45、cently did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the ruralareas.9. （2015 d匕京 31） If （you are ）accepted （accept ） for the job , you' ll be informed soon.10. （2016 北京 24） Observe （observe） carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.11. .（2016 重慶 10）

46、I spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, didn ' t you 12.（ 2016 天津卷）Give me a chance,and I'll give you a wonderfulsurprise.13. （2017 四川宜賓二診）"Only two centimeters higher, and you will break the world record, " encouraged

47、 the coach.14. （2016山東部分重點中學(xué)聯(lián)考）Yes, of course they celebrate Christmas here, and there are obviously displays in shops and Christmas markets, but there seem to be no signs of Christmas averts.15. （2017江西南昌三中檢測）一Wheredid you have the discussion with Professor Snow It was in the classroom where we had a biology lesson that we had the discussion.16. （2017 安徽江南十校聯(lián)考）With so many good friends together with you,you must have been happy during the past National Golden Week, weren' t you 二、強化訓(xùn)練1.短文改錯 This morning,when I was walk