1、倒裝句倒裝句就是將正常的陳述語序加以變化，主要作用是強(qiáng)調(diào)被提前的部分，倒裝句可分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝兩種：l 全部倒裝謂語動(dòng)詞提前至主語之前為全部倒裝，如：Out came his guest.On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago.l 部分倒裝助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提至主語之前，謂語動(dòng)詞位置不變，即為部分倒裝，如：Neither could he see through your plan.So lit

2、tle did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.Doesn't her invitation appeal to you?英語句子使用的目的，可分為四大類：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。這四大類型句子都有可能出現(xiàn)倒裝句。一、疑問句中出現(xiàn)的倒裝句 1. 特殊疑問句中（1）What is this?（全倒裝）（2）Which do you want?（部分倒裝）特殊疑問句中，如果疑問詞做主語或疑問詞修飾主語時(shí)，句子不用倒裝，即用陳述語序。例如：Who did it yesterday? Which guy

3、can do this work?2. 一般疑問句（1）Do you study English every day?（部分倒裝）（2）May I come in? （3）Are you going to be a teacher?一般疑問句中，常把助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在句首，即位于主語前，而構(gòu)成部分倒裝。二、感嘆句中出現(xiàn)倒裝句1. What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（1）What a happy life we have had！(賓語在主語前面)（2）What a fine day it is!（表語在主語前面）（3）What a shining example Comrade Lei Feng has

4、set us!2. How引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（1）How happy we are!（表語在前面）（2）How hard they are working!（狀語在前面）（3）How nice a day it is!注意：What或how 引導(dǎo)的句子，主謂也有不倒裝的。What所強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)是名詞，這一名詞一般是表語或賓語，有時(shí)所強(qiáng)調(diào)的名詞可能是主語。例如：What enormous crowd came!What也可單獨(dú)使用。例句：What she suffered in the old days!How修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。有時(shí)how many的搭配也可修飾名詞。For how many ye

5、ars have I waited! 該短語作狀語。3. 副詞引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（1）There comes the bus!（2）In come the students!（3）Off goes the worker!副詞引導(dǎo)詞位于句首，一方面為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，另一方面使情景生動(dòng)。主語是名詞時(shí)，主謂倒裝；如果主語是人稱代詞，主謂不倒裝。例如：Away he went to the station!三、祈使句中出現(xiàn)的倒裝（1）Long live the king! （2）Long live the Peoples Republic of China!（3）May you succeed! 祝你成功！L

6、ong may he live! 愿他長命百歲！（4）Dont you open the door. Dont anyone open the door.祈使句一般無主語，有時(shí)也有主語出現(xiàn)。祈使句的主語要重讀，代詞也要重讀（陳述句的主語一般不重讀）。祈使句常用句號。表示一種強(qiáng)烈感情時(shí)，句子用感嘆號。四、陳述句中出現(xiàn)的幾種倒裝句1. 主謂倒裝（1）Long long ago, there was a war between the birds and the beasts.（2）Once upon a time there were six blind men in India.（3）“Come

7、 along, then.” said the bird.（4）.but toward the end there came the terrible storm.2. 表語倒裝（1）Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man of great achievements.（全倒裝）（2）Inside the pyramids are the rooms for the bodies of kings and queens.（3）A very reliable person he is.（主語是人稱代詞時(shí)，主謂不倒裝）3. 賓語倒裝（1）Many happy ho

8、urs she had spent planning for something nice for him.（2）Twenty-one dollars they took for it.（3）Not a single mistake did he make.（4）Only a dictionary he never forgets to bring here.賓語在前時(shí)，多數(shù)屬于強(qiáng)調(diào)部分，句子一般不加助動(dòng)詞，偶爾也有助動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)，如例句（3）。五、復(fù)合句中的倒裝（1）I take back what I said.（2）.and the ship would have sunk with all

9、 board had it not been for the captain.（要是沒有那位船長，就會(huì)連船帶人都沉沒了。）（3）Were I you，I would go with him.（4）Proud as these nobles are，he is afraid to see me.（5）Not only was everything that he had taken away from him，but also his German citizenship.（6）Hardly (Scarcely)had he sat down when the telephone rang.（7

10、）The harder you work, the greater will be your achievement.六、其他倒裝陳述句中為了保持句子平衡或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)表語、賓語、狀語等成分，或使上下文緊密銜接時(shí)，使用倒裝句。（1）On the wall is a blackboard on which were written some words，“It is no use sitting here without listening to me.”（定語從句中，主語的同位語太長）（2）They entered the classroom，in front of which sat a nau

11、ghty boy.（使上下文緊密銜接）（3）Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people were looked down upon by the foreigners.（主語加上定語后太長而表語短，所以表語在前面，強(qiáng)調(diào)句子平衡）七、難點(diǎn)： 否定詞提前倒裝A. 否定詞用于句首時(shí)，句子應(yīng)進(jìn)行部分倒裝否定詞常用的有：Not only(but also) Not until (直到.才)No sooner.(than) (一.就) Never/ Rarely/SeldomHardly/Scarcely (when) Few/LittleNeith

12、er/Nor (也不) NwhereAt no time Under no circumstances (決不)On no account In no way其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分別和but (also), than, when搭配使用，需注意：后一組詞之后的部分不進(jìn)行倒裝，只有否定詞之后的部分倒裝。如：Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.Not only was he able to enter the final round of the contest, but he

13、came out first as well.No sooner had I got any chance to speak than the clerk slammed the door in my face.Seldom does he travel about.Under no circumstances should you betray your own country.此類倒裝句一般出現(xiàn)在填空題中，需填入的是倒裝部分，只要在句首見到上述的詞，就應(yīng)條件反射的想到用倒裝句 例題：(1) - was the first fully successful transatlantic cab

14、le finally laid. (A) Not until 1866 (B) Until 1866, just (C) Until 1866 (D) In 1866, not until 答案：A解釋：由被動(dòng)式was laid被名詞短語分割開可知, 此句是個(gè)部分倒裝句, 選項(xiàng)中只有A否定詞提前可引導(dǎo)倒裝句, 1866應(yīng)是until的賓語, 故D不對; 此句正常語序應(yīng)為: The first fully successful transatlantic cable was not finally laid until 1866. (2) Not until 1931 - the officia

15、l anthem of the United States.(A) “The Star-spangled Banner” did become(B) when “The Star-spangled Banner” became (C) did “The Star-spangled Banner” become (D) became “The Star-spangled Banner” 答案：C解釋：否定詞not放在句首引起部分倒裝，只有C符合倒裝語序 B. 介詞、分詞詞組提前倒裝當(dāng)句子沒有賓語，且主語偏長時(shí)，往往將句中作狀語的介詞短語或作表語的形容詞短語或作表語的分詞短語提至句首，引起主謂的全

16、部倒裝。如：In the middle of the river floated the cluster of plants that she had cast.Characteristic of an anarchist was her strong opposition to the government, which she had blamed for all the social injustices.Lying on the grassland is a pretty girl in her early twenties.例題：(1) Typical of the grasslan

17、d dwellers of the continent -, or pronghorn. (A) it is the American antelope (B) the American antelope is (C) is the American antelope (D) the American antelope 答案：C 解釋：此句為形容詞短語be typical of作表語前置引起的完全倒裝句, 空白處缺少的實(shí)為倒裝的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞, A B未倒裝, 可首先排除; D無動(dòng)詞, 也可排除. 此句正常語序應(yīng)為: The American antelope, or pronghorn, i

18、s typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent. (2) The glaciers that reached the Pacific Coast were valley glaciers, and between those tongues of ice -that allowed the original forests to survive. (A) that many sanctuaries were (B) were many sanctuaries (C) were there many sanctuaries (D) the

19、re the many sanctuaries 答案：B解釋：and是并列句的連接詞，逗號前是分句一，and后是分句二. 因分句二中between引導(dǎo)的介詞短語提前，空格處需要分句二倒裝的主謂語，D無謂語，可先排除；A使原句只有從句無主句; C中there是多余的，只能選BC. 副詞提前倒裝副詞提至句首引起倒裝，可分以下幾種情況：1. only + 副詞(when, before, if, after等)或only+介詞狀語(由in, under, by, on, after等引導(dǎo))提前，必須部分倒裝。如：Only then did he realize how stupid he had b

20、een.Only after entering the store did Arthur realize that there was danger.Only in the library can she concentrate on her study. 2. often, such, so等副詞提前，部分倒裝如: So diligently did he work that he got hight scores on the final exam.（=He worked so diligently that he got hight scores on the final exam.）S

21、uch was his wish that the world would stay away from war forever.Often did we go on a holiday in hot summer.ü 注意，so的另一種倒裝是表示“也”California relies heavily on income from crops, and so does Florida.加利福尼亞過多的依賴于來自農(nóng)作物的收入，佛羅里達(dá)也是這樣ü 同理，體會(huì)一下neither, nor的倒裝He can't dance, neither/nor can I.= I can't, either.他不會(huì)跳舞，我也不會(huì)。3. in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副詞提前，全部倒裝。如：Off got the staggering gentlemen.Here are the photos I took at the seaside. 例題：(1) As inevitably as human culture has changed with the passing of time, so does the ABCDen