1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上Machine design theory The machine design is through designs the new product or improves the old product to meet the human need the application technical science. It involves the project technology each domain, mainly studies the product the size, the shape and the detailed structure bas

2、ic idea, but also must study the product the personnel which in aspect the and so on manufacture, sale and use question.Carries on each kind of machine design work to be usually called designs the personnel or machine design engineer. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only

3、must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge. If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the

4、product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determ

5、ine whether the people do need this kind of productMust regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to

6、 have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a dec

7、imal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly.A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have th

8、e patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brand-new design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mecha

9、nical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea. Newly designs itself can have the question occurrence whic

10、h many flaws and has not been able to expect, only has after these flaws and the question are solved, can manifest new goods come into the market the product superiority. Therefore, a performance superior product is born at the same time, also is following a higher risk. Should emphasize, if designs

11、 itself does not request to use the brand-new method, is not unnecessary merely for the goal which transform to use the new method. In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical idea

12、s, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the comparison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which

13、finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts. How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people adapts them to operate. Designs personnel''s basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly i

14、s not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process. Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial s

15、tage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on. In order to carry on the effective

16、 exchange, needs to solve the following problem: (1) designs whether this product truly does need for the people? Whether there is competitive ability (2) does this product compare with other companies'' existing similar products? (3) produces this kind of product is whether economical? (4)

17、product service is whether convenient? (5) product whether there is sale? Whether may gain?Only has the time to be able to produce the correct answer to above question. But, the product design, the manufacture and the sale only can in carry on to the above question preliminary affirmation answer fou

18、ndation in. Project engineer also should through the detail drawing and the assembly drawing, carries on the consultation together with the branch of manufacture to the finally design proposal.Usually, can have some problem in the manufacture process. Possibly can request to some components size or

19、the common difference makes some changes, causes the components the production to change easily. But, in the project change must have to pass through designs the personnel to authorize, guaranteed cannot damage the product the function. Sometimes, when in front of product assembly or in the packing

20、foreign shipment experiment only then discovers in the design some kind of flaw. These instances exactly showed the design is a dynamic process. Always has a better method to complete the design work, designs the personnel to be supposed unceasingly diligently, seeks these better method. Recent year

21、, the engineerig material choice already appeared importantly. In addition, the choice process should be to the material continuously the unceasing again appraisal process. The new material unceasingly appears, but some original materials can obtain the quantity possibly can reduce. The environmenta

22、l pollution, material recycling aspect and so on use, worker''s health and security frequently can attach the new limiting condition to the choice of material. In order to reduce the weight or saves the energy, possibly can request the use different material. Comes from domestic and internat

23、ional competition, to product service maintenance convenience request enhancement and customer''s aspect the and so on feedback pressure, can urge the people to carry on to the material reappraises. Because the material does not select when created the product responsibility lawsuit, has alr

24、eady had the profound influence. In addition, the material and between the material processing interdependence is already known by the people clearly. Therefore, in order to can and guarantees the quality in the reasonable cost under the premise to obtain satisfaction the result, project engineer ma

25、kes engineers all to have earnestly carefully to choose, the determination and the use material. Makes any product the first step of work all is designs. Designs usually may divide into several explicit stages: (a) preliminary design; (b) functional design; (c) production design. In the preliminary

26、design stage, the designer emphatically considered the product should have function. Usually must conceive and consider several plans, then decided this kind of thought is whether feasible; If is feasible, then should makes the further improvement to or several plans. In this stage, the question whi

27、ch only must consider about the choice of material is: Whether has the performance to conform to the request material to be possible to supply the choice; If no, whether has a bigger assurance all permits in the cost and the time in the limit develops one kind of new material.In the functional desig

28、n and the engineering design stage, needs to make a practical feasible design. Must draw up the quite complete blueprint in this stage, chooses and determines each kind of components the material. Usually must make the prototype or the working model, and carries on the experiment to it, the appraisa

29、l product function, the reliability, the outward appearance and the service maintenance and so on. Although this kind of experiment possibly can indicate, enters in the product to the production base in front of, should replace certain materials, but, absolutely cannot this point take not earnestly

30、chooses the material the excuse. Should unify the product the function, earnestly carefully considers the product the outward appearance, the cost and the reliability. Has the achievement very much the company when manufacture all prototypes, selects the material should the material which uses with

31、its production in be same, and uses the similar manufacture technology as far as possible. Like this has the advantage very much to the company. The function complete prototype if cannot act according to the anticipated sales volume economically to make, or is prototypical and the official productio

32、n installment has in the quality and the reliable aspect is very greatly different, then this kind of prototype does not have the great value. Project engineer is best can completely complete the material in this stage the analysis, the choice and the determination work, but is not remains it to the

33、 production design stage does. Because, is carries on in the production design stage material replacement by other people, these people are inferior to project engineer to the product all functions understanding. I n the production design stage, is should completely determine with the material relat

34、ed main question the material, causes them to adapt with the existing equipment, can use the existing equipment economically to carry on the processing, moreover the material quantity can quite be easy to guarantee the supply. In the manufacture process, inevitably can appear to uses the material to

35、 make some changes the situation. The experience indicated that, may use certain cheap materials to take the substitute. However, in the majority situation, in will carry on the production later to change the material to have in to start before the production to change the price which the material w

36、ill spend to have to be higher than. Completes the choice of material work in the design stage, may avoid the most such situations. Started after the production manufacture to appear has been possible to supply the use the new material is replaces the material the most common reason. Certainly, thes

37、e new materials possibly reduce the cost, the improvement product performance. But, must carry on the earnest appraisal to the new material, guarantees its all performance all to answer the purpose. Must remember that, the new material performance and the reliable very few pictures materials on hand

38、 such understood for the people. The majority of products expiration and the product accident caused by negligence case is because in selects the new material to take in front of substitution material, not truly understood their long-term operational performance causes. The product responsibility la

39、wsuit forces designs the personnel and the company when the choice material, uses the best procedure. In the material process, five most common questions are: (a) did not understand or cannot use about the material application aspect most newly the best information paper; (b) has not been able to fo

40、resee and to consider the dusk year possible reasonable use (for example to have the possibility, designs the personnel also to be supposed further to forecast and the consideration because product application method not when creates consequence. ecent years many products responsibilities lawsuit ca

41、se, because wrongly uses the plaintiff which the product receives the injury to accuse produces the factory, and wins the decision); (c) uses the material data not entire perhaps some data are indefinite, works as its long-term performance data is the like this time in particular; (d) the quality co

42、ntrol method is not suitable and not after the confirmation; (e) the personnel which completely is not competent for the post by some chooses the material. Through to the above five questions analysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion. May fo

43、r avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the direction. Although uses the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs the personnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according

44、 to the suitable procedure, may greatly reduce the lawsuit the quantity. May see from the above discussion, the choice material people should to the material nature, the characteristic and the processing method have comprehensive and the basic understanding.窗體頂端翻譯： 機械設計理論機械設計，通過設計新產品或改進老產品，以滿足人類需要的應

45、用技術科學。它涉及工程技術的各個領域，主要研究產品的尺寸，形狀和結構，研究產品的人員也必須詳細了解這方面的制造，銷售和使用等問題。進行各種機械設計工作的人員被通常稱為設計人員或機器設計工程師。機械設計是一種創造性的工作。項目工程師不僅需要在工作中的創造力，而且還必須在機械制圖，運動學，工程材料，材料力學，機械制造技術等方面具有深厚的基礎知識。綜上所述，機械設計目標是生產能夠滿足人類需要的產品。當然機械設計中，發現和技術知識本身不一定能帶來對人類的好處，只有當他們被施加在產品上時，才能產生產品上的好處。因此，要實現在一個特定的產品設計前，必須先進行確定人們是否真的需要這種產品必須把機械設計作為本

46、機的設計人員進行使用創新能力的產品設計，系統的分析和制定產品制造技術的好機會。掌握該項目的基本知識要背誦一些數據和公式是比數量更為重要的。在一個良好的設計需求下，上述僅僅是服務數據和公式是不足以完全決定產品，。在另一方面，應當精確認真進行所有操作。例如，即使小數點的位置錯了，也可能導致正確的設計轉向錯誤。一個好的設計人員要敢于提出新的想法，而且愿意承擔一定的風險，當新的方法不適合，用原來的方法。因此，設計人員必須要有耐心，因為所花費的時間和努力，不能保證成功。對一個有好的方法的人來說，-一個全新的設計，請求畫面放棄很多。由于許多保守的人，做機械設計當然不是一件容易的事。一，機械設計師應該不斷探

47、索改進現有產品的方法，在這個過程中，要認真選擇最初設計過程的確認原則，通過確認新的想法后，找出統一的。新設計本身發生很多缺陷可以有問題，并未能想到，只經過了這些缺陷和問題都解決了，才能體現新貨進入市場的產品優勢。因此，性能優越的產品誕生的同時，相應的風險也較高。應該強調的是，如果設計本身不要求使用全新的方法，沒有必要僅僅為了其轉換為使用新方法的目標。在設計初始階段，應該允許設計人員充分展示創造力，不是每一種約束。即使有過許多不切實際的想法，也可以在設計早期，即在規劃藍圖前得到糾正。只有這樣，才不會停止了創新的思路。通常情況下，必須提出幾套設計方案，然后進行比較。有可能非常多，其中最后指定的方案

48、中，它接受采用一定不是計劃中的一些想法。心理學家經常討論的原因如何使人們適應性的操作他們的機器。設計人員的基本職責是努力使人機協調。這當然不是一件容易的工作，因為確實沒有給所有的人說，其實都是最優越的操作區域和操作過程。另外一個重要的問題，項目工程師必須能夠進行交流，并與其他有關人員咨詢。在初始階段，設計人員不得不進行交流和與管理人員的初步設計咨詢，并獲得批準。這通常是通過口頭的交流，示意圖和書寫材料進行的。為了進行有效的交流，需要解決以下問題：（1）設計這個產品是否真正需要它的人呢？是否有競爭力（2）不與其他公司的現有同類產品這款產品比較？（3）生產的這種產品不管是經濟？（4）產品服務是否方

49、便？（5）產品是否有售？是否會得到什么？僅必須能夠產生正確的答案上述問題的時間。但是，在產品的設計，制造和銷售只能在矣到，項目工程師也對上述問題的初步肯定答案的基礎應通過細節圖和裝配圖，進行咨詢與制造分支最終的設計方案。通常，可以在制造過程中的一些問題。可能可以要求某些組件的大小或共同差異使得一些變化，使組件生產輕易改變。但是，在項目變更必須有設計人員授權，保證不會損害產品的功能通過。有時，在產品組裝前，或在包裝外運實驗時才發現設計某種缺陷。這些實例確切地表明設計是一個動態過程。總是有一個更好的方法來完成設計工作，設計人員必須不斷努力應該，尋求這些更好的方法。最近一年，工程材料的選擇已經出現重要的。另外，在選擇過程應該是連續的材料的不斷重新評估過程。這種新材料不斷出現，但一些原始資料可以得到數量可能可以減少。對環境的污染，物資回收等方面的使用，工人的頻繁健康和安全可以附加新的限制條件，材料的選擇。為了減輕重量，或節省能量，可能可以請求使用不同的材料。來自國內和國際的競爭，