1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上 句子的成分和基本句型導(dǎo)學(xué)案專題一、句子成分：組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫作句子成分。英語的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分為：_，_，_，_，_，_，_。第一、下面我們就來認(rèn)識(shí)句子的各個(gè)成分，請(qǐng)勾畫出那些要求的句子成分吧。一、主語表明句子里所談的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主語常用名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)。例如:Lily likes her new bike.(名詞) He gets up early every day.(代詞) To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短語）二、謂語即謂語動(dòng)詞的位置說明主語“做什么”、

2、“是什么”或“怎么樣”，謂語用動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。例如：We work hard. The boy caught a bird. He is my father. They all look fine. 謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)方面必須保持一致。例如：I am reading. You are reading. HeShe is reading. We are reading.三、賓語賓語是動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象。由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或代詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)，和及物動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語“做什么”。例如：Tom bought a story-book.（名詞）I saw him yesterday. （代詞）H

3、e wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短語）直接賓語和間接賓語有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，指人的叫間接賓語，指物的叫直接賓語。合稱雙賓。例如：He gave me some ink . Our teacher told us an interesting story. 四、表語說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”，與連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，表語由名詞、形容詞、或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語等充當(dāng)。例如：My sister is a nurse.（名詞）They were at home.（介詞短語）She got angry. （形容詞）Her gr

4、andfather is over eighty years old.（數(shù)詞）五、定語定語是修飾名詞或代詞的，可以作定語的除形容詞外，還有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等。例如：This is a green cup.（形容詞）Are these students your classmates? （代詞）Winter is the coldest season of the year.（介詞短語）I have something important to tell you.（不定式）The people here are very friendly.（副詞）注意：形容詞作

5、定語時(shí)通常放在被修飾的詞之前。而介詞短語、不定式短語或副詞等作定語時(shí)則放在被修飾的詞之后。六、狀語狀語是修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、或副詞的，有的修飾全句。可以作狀語的主要是副詞和介詞短語或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語等。例如：You are quite right .（副詞） Mr.Wu comes to the school by bike. (介詞短語) She will arrive in Beijing on Monday. （介詞短語）He stopped to have a look. （不定式短語）七、賓語補(bǔ)足語¬¬¬¬¬有些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語后邊還

6、需要有一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語，意思才能夠完整。賓語和它的補(bǔ)足語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。例如：We call her Xiao Li.You must keep the room clean and tidy.John asked me to help him with his Chinese.I will have my hair cut tomorrow.We saw the boy playing basketball on the playground just now. 句子成分巧記歌訣 主謂賓表定狀補(bǔ)， 七種成分記清楚。 句子主干主謂賓（表），枝葉成分定狀補(bǔ)。 定語修飾主賓表， 賓語之后常有補(bǔ)。 主謂人稱

7、數(shù)一致， 狀語位置最靈活。第二、練一練 指出下列句子中劃線部分的成分。1We all study hard at English.A. 主語 B. 謂語 C. 賓語 D.表語2Betty likes her new bike very much. A. 主語 B.謂語 C.賓語 D.表語3My brother is a policeman. A. 主語 B.謂語 C.賓語 D.表語4Were you at home last night? A.定語 B.狀語 C.賓補(bǔ) D.表語5Winter is the coldest season of the year. A 定語 B.狀語 C.賓補(bǔ) D

8、.表語6He often walks in the park. A.定語 B.狀語 C.賓語 D.表語7Mary asked me to help her yesterday.A.定語 B.狀語 C.賓補(bǔ) D.表語8He bought me a nice present last week. A.賓語 B.直接賓語 C.間接賓語 D.賓補(bǔ)9His parents are doctors.A.賓語 B.表語 C.謂語 D.定語10Ill get you some tea now.A.賓語 B.直接賓語 C.間接賓語 D.賓補(bǔ)專題二、簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型： 第一、認(rèn)識(shí)句子的五中基本寫法。由一個(gè)主語（或

9、并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（或并列謂語）所構(gòu)成的句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句。根據(jù)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，簡(jiǎn)單句分為5種基本句型：1 SV;（主語 不及物動(dòng)詞） I can swim. 我會(huì)游泳。 Everything changes. 萬物都在變。2SVO;（主語及物動(dòng)詞賓語）I like English. 我喜歡英語。 They are reading books . 他們?cè)诳磿?SVP;（主語連系動(dòng)詞表語）My mother is a scientist. 我母親是個(gè)科學(xué)家。She looks young. 她看上去很年輕。4SVIODO;（主語及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語直接賓語）My mother bought me a

10、dictionary yesterday. 我母親昨天給我買了本字典。Can you give me the math book? 你能給我那本數(shù)學(xué)書嗎？5SVOOc;（主語及物動(dòng)詞賓語補(bǔ)語） We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我們必須保持教室干凈、整潔。My mother asks me to speak English as much as possible. 我母親要求我盡可能多地講英語。 I heard her singing happily in the room just now. 剛才我聽到她在房間里高興地唱著歌。簡(jiǎn)單句五種基本

11、句型巧記歌訣：英語句子萬萬千，五大句型把線牽。句型種類看動(dòng)詞，后接成分是關(guān)鍵。系詞之后接表語，不及物后無需連。及物又可分三類，單賓雙賓最常見。還有賓語補(bǔ)足語，各種搭配記心間。第二、練一練 指出下列句子的基本類型1They are listening.2My mother is fifty now.3I have bought three books.4My friend gave me a birthday present.5I painted the wall white.6The boss often makes the workers work twelve hours a day.7T

12、hey arrived at six oclock.8The map is on the wall9Children often sing this song.10Mr Wu teaches us English.11She showed her friends all her pictures.12I find him a lovely boy.第四部分：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練 一、請(qǐng)朗讀以下句子，劃分下列句子的成分，并指出他們分別屬于簡(jiǎn)單句中的哪種。1. Our country consumes a large number of plastic bags.2. The super-thin bags

13、are the main source of white pollution.3. We should encourage people to return to carrying cloth bags.4. The new rule came out.5. Environmental groups welcome the new rule.6. They can stop using plastic bags.7. What is particularly positive is that it involves public participation.8. Shops dont offer free plastic bags to their consumers.9. Hong Kong and Australia are considering measures to curb plastic bag lit