1、專題十四強調(diào)句和省略句按照考綱要求，考生應(yīng)能夠恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂迷~語和強調(diào)句式對表達的內(nèi)容進行強調(diào)，近幾年的高考試題主要考查考生對謂語動詞的強調(diào)的理解和強調(diào)句型的靈活使用，考查復(fù)合句中的強調(diào)句式；按照考試大綱的要求，考生還應(yīng)掌握英語省略的一些基本原則，在行文中正確地使用省略。強調(diào)句一、強調(diào)句句型1.陳述句的強調(diào)句型：It is / was +被強調(diào)部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）+ that / who（當(dāng)強調(diào)主語且主語指人 ）其他部分。It was on the party that he met one of his old friends.2一般疑問句的強調(diào)句型：同上，只是把is / was 提到

2、 it 前面。Was it on the party that he met one of his old friends?3特殊疑問句的強調(diào)句型：被強調(diào)部分（通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞）is / was it that / who 其他部分？When and where was it that you were born?I met the film star Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday.強調(diào)主語：It was I （that / who） met the film star Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport y

3、esterday.強調(diào)賓語：It was the film star Jackie Chan that / who I met at Beijing Airport yesterday.強調(diào)地點狀語：It was at Beijing Airport that I met the film star Jackie Chan yesterday.強調(diào)時間狀語：It was yesterday that I met the film star Jackie Chan at Beijing Airport.注意：構(gòu)成強調(diào)句的it本身沒有詞義；強調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用that和who,即使在強調(diào)時間狀

4、語和地點狀語時也如此，that 和 who 不可省略；強調(diào)句中的時態(tài)通常用兩種：一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。原句謂語動詞是一般過去時、過去完成時和過去進行時，用It was.，其余的時態(tài)用It is.二、not.until. 句型的強調(diào)句1 句型為：It is / was not until 被強調(diào)部分that 其他部分It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.注意：此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是強調(diào)句型，till和until可通用。因為句型中It i

5、s / was not.已經(jīng)是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句。三、謂語動詞的強調(diào)1. It is / wasthat結(jié)構(gòu)不能強調(diào)謂語，如果需要強調(diào)謂語時，用助動詞do / does或did。Do sit down.He did write to you last week.Do be careful when you cross the street.注意：此種強調(diào)只用do / does和did ,沒有別的形式；過去時用 did ,后面的謂語動詞用原形。省略句為了使講話和行文簡潔，句中某些成分有時可省略。省略可分以下幾種情況：一、簡單句中的省略1 省略主語：祈使句中主語

6、通常省略。其他省略主語的用法多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。(I) Thank you for your help.(I) See you tomorrow.(It) Doesn't matter.2省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分。(There is) No smoking.(Is there) Anything wrong?Why (do you) not say hello to him?3不定式的省略(1)使役動詞let, make, have 及感官動詞see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to 等后面作賓語補足的不

7、定式要省去to, 但在被動句時應(yīng)加上to。I saw the boy fall from the tree.The boy was seen to fall from the tree.2)mean, try, want, afford, decide, refuse, wish, like, need, would like, would love.等后面接不定式作賓語時，省略作賓語的不定式。只保留不定式符號to, 但如果該賓語是動詞be 或完成時態(tài)的不定式時，則需在to后加上 be 或have。 Are you going there? Yes, I'd like to (go t

8、here) Are you an engineer? No, but I want to be (an engineer) 3)tell, warn, order, advise, ask, expect 等動詞后接不定式作賓補時常省略不定式的賓語補足語。The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to (enter the lab) 4)兩個或兩個以上的動詞不定式并列在一起由and / or 連接時，第1 個不定式帶to, 后面的不定式可省去to。但如表示對比(照)等，則不省略to。Her job

9、is to take care of the children and (to) wash clothes. It's better to laugh than to cry.5)主 (賓 )語補足語中的to be 往往省略。He was thought (to be ) the cleverest boy in the group.6)特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略would sooner, had better, do nothing but, have nothing to do but, there's nothing to do but, can't help but, r

10、ather than 等后的不定式的符號to 常省略。He would sooner die than surrender.I'd rather look after the baby than wash dishes.7)主語部分有一個表“做 ”的 do 的各種形式時，表語不定式常省略“ to。 ”What I really want to do is (to) go to the cinema.4省略表語 Are you thirsty? Yes, I am (thirsty) 5同時省略幾個成分Let's meet at the same place as (we met

11、) yesterday. Have you finished your work? (I have) Not (finished my work) yet.二、并列句中的省略兩個并列分句中，后一個分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.三、主從復(fù)合句中的省略1 主句中有一些成分被省略。(I'm) Sorry to hear that you are ill.(It is a) Pi

12、ty that he missed such a good chance.2從句的省略(1)賓語從句以 which, when, where, how 和 why 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句在其謂語與主句謂語相同時，可省略全部謂語，甚至主語也省略，僅保留一個wh 詞。She will go to Beijing, but I don't know when (she will go to Beijing.)(2)狀語從句在時間、地點、讓步、方式、條件狀語從句中，如果主語與主句主語一致，或者主語是it,那么動詞 be及其主語通常可省略。常見的有以下幾種：時間狀語從句：Be careful when

13、(you are) crossing the street.條件狀語從句：He won't go to the party unless (he is) invited.比較狀語從句：Country music today remains much the same as (it was) before.讓步狀語從句：Whether (it is) right or wrong, his opinion should be paid attention to.注意： though 和 as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，通常從句要倒裝。從句倒裝時，如果從句的表語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，將名詞提前時，名詞

14、前面的冠詞a / an 須省略。Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society. = Though he is a child, he knows much about the society.注意：有些由if 構(gòu)成的省略結(jié)構(gòu)，已屬固定短語，如if any, if necessary, if possible, if not, if so 等。If necessary, ring me at home. He may be busy. If so, I'll call later. If not, can I see h

15、im now?(3)修飾名詞way 的限制性定語從句常省略in which 或 that。Is this way you talk to your parents?(4)強調(diào)句It is / was.that. ，當(dāng)強調(diào)疑問句時，that 常可省略。Why was it (that) you were ten minutes late?用 so 或 not 時切不可用it 或 that 代替。 Is he coming back tonight? I think so. Is he feeling better today? I'm afraid not.這種用法常見的有：How so

16、? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so. 及 I suppose not. I believed not. I hopenot 等。（但 I don't think so 比 I think not 更常用）。四、連詞that的省略1 .賓語從句中常省略連詞that,但也有不能省略的情況（參看名詞性從句”等有關(guān)部分）。2 .在定語從句中，that在從句中作賓語時可省略。3引導(dǎo)主語從句、同位語從句等的連詞that 一般不可省略。在表語從句中偶爾可省略。在近五年的高考試卷中強調(diào)句、省略句已經(jīng)成為高考熱點。命題者加大了對句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜程度和知識面

17、的考查，同時注重考查知識之間的交叉。這就要求學(xué)生在復(fù)習(xí)和備考中注意總結(jié)，全面把握，深入研究。具體把握強調(diào)句以下四大考點：1 考查強調(diào)句式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)2考查含有“ not.until.句型的強調(diào)句式 ”3考查強調(diào)句式的疑問句4考查強調(diào)句式的正確判斷省略是高考英語考試大綱要求掌握的語法項目之一，雖然不是每年必考項目，但不少省份有所涉及。從命題的趨勢來看，更側(cè)重考查省略在交際中的功能，考查語法知識間的交叉使用。高考真題探究（200620XX 年）【 2011 四川卷 15】 Was it on a lonely island he was saved one month after the boat

18、went down?A. where B. that C. which D. what【答案】B【考點】考查強調(diào)句。【解析】此處強調(diào)的是句子的地點狀語on a lonely island ,是強調(diào)句的一般疑問句句型：Was it +被強調(diào)部分 + that +句子？句意：“他是不是在小船沉沒一個月后在一個孤島上被營救的？”【 2011 陜西卷 23】 It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we dobenefits our work most.A. who B. whichC. that D. what【答案】C

19、【考點】考查強調(diào)句。【解析】強調(diào)句型:It is/was + 被強調(diào)部分+that 連接句子的其他部分。答案選擇C。【 2011 重慶卷 32】 Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? Of course, I have. It was in our village it was made.A.thatB.where C.whenD.which【答案】A【考點】考查強調(diào)句。【解析】問話人詢問對方是否看過山楂樹之戀這部電影，答話人回答說當(dāng)然看過，這部電影是在自己的村莊拍攝的。本句是強調(diào)句，被強調(diào)的部分是地點狀語in our village

20、。強調(diào)狀語in our village 。【 2011 湖南卷35】 It s not what we do once in a while shapes our lives, but what we do consistentlyA .whichB. thatC. howD. when【答案】B【考點】本題考察強調(diào)句型。【解析】本題考察強調(diào)句型。強調(diào)主語。故選B 。句子意思：決定我們生活的東西不是我們偶爾所做的事情而是那些我們自始至終所做的事情。【 2011 江蘇卷33】 It sounds like something is wrong with the car s engine., we

21、 d better take it to thegarage immediately.A. Otherwise B. If notC. But for that D. If so【答案】D【考點】考查省略和替代。【解析】句意：聽起來車的發(fā)動機好像有問題，如果那樣的話，我們最好立刻把它弄到汽修廠去。前后兩句話之間是順承關(guān)系。Otherwise否則，要不然；if not要不，不然；but for that若不是因為那件事；if so若是這樣。 10 安徽 It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village the h

22、ostess cooked such anice dinner.A. whereB. thatC. whenD. which答案B考點本題考查強調(diào)句型。解析迷惑點在于強調(diào)部分中含有一個定語從句that she had bought in the village。 10 湖南John s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard workhas made him whathe is today.A. whyB. whenC. whichD. that答案D考點考查強調(diào)句型。解析題干為強調(diào)句型, 被強調(diào)部分為year

23、s of hard work, 故選 D 項。 10 浙江 The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, ifregularly, can improve our health.A. being carried out B. carrying outC. carried out D. to carry out答案C考點本題考查if 條件句中的省略情況。R解析本句的句子的主語是the experiment；謂語動詞是shows； that引導(dǎo)賓語從句,賓語從句的主干事：proper amounts of exercise can im

24、prove our health, ifregularly 是插入的條件從句, 從句的主語是properamounts of exercise,此時應(yīng)用it代替前面提到的主語，條件句的主語與主句的主語一致 ，并且含有is,故省 略了 it is, 完整形式是：if it is carried out 。句意為：這項實驗表明, 適當(dāng)?shù)倪\動, 如果有規(guī)律的進行, 能夠有助于我們的身體健康。 09 湖南 Every evening after dinner, if notfrom work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A. being tired B

25、. tiring C. tired D. to be tired答案C考點省略句式。解析在if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中, 從句中還原應(yīng)為if am not tired from work, 根據(jù)省略的原則, 所以答案選C。 09 江西 It was he came back from Africa that wear he met the girl he would like to marry.A. when; thenB. not; untilC. not until; thatD. only; whenR考點強調(diào)句型。It isth蹄構(gòu)可知。09 江西 Some of you may hav

26、e finished unit one., you can go on to unit two.A. If you mayB. If you doC. If notD. If soR考點省略句的用法。If so = If you have done that / so你們中的一些人可能已經(jīng)完成第一單元, 如果是這樣的話, 你們可以繼續(xù)第二單元。R08 全國 n 3 It was in New ZealandElizabeth first met Mr.Smith.A.thatB.howC.whichD.whenR考點此題考查強調(diào)句R解析句意為：正是在新西蘭伊麗莎白第一次見到史密斯先生。It+b

27、e+被強調(diào)成分+that句型為強調(diào)句。08 天津 It was along the Mississippi RiverMark Twain spent much of his childhood.A. howB. whichC. thatD. whereR考點此題考查強調(diào)句R解析此處構(gòu)成It wasthat弓雖調(diào)句式，句中強調(diào)了介詞短語along the Mississippi River 。 08 重慶 It wasnot until midnightthey reached the camp site.A.thatB.whenC.whileD.asR考點考查強調(diào)句。not until在 i

28、t was 后可以判斷這是一個強調(diào)含有not until 的句子 , 強調(diào)句型中只能用that。08 福建 Who should be responsible for the accident? The boss, not the workers.They just carried out the orderA.as toldB.as are toldC.as tellingD.as they toldR考點1此題考查狀語從句的省略R解析1 as told=as they were told,此處是as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句的省略。當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語一致,且DoR07 全國 I W We all

29、 know that,A mot if dealt Ccirefully withVCif dealt not careful I v with*R答案1 BR考點1此題考查省略句式,the situation will get wo /§匕Bjf not carefully dealt withD.not if carefully dealt with謂語動詞含有be時，將從句的主語和 be省略。又因為 workers與tell之間是被動關(guān)系,排除C、if it is notR解析1 that后跟賓語從句，賓語從句中含有一個主從句，if從句使用了省略句式，完整的形式應(yīng)為 caref

30、ully dealt with, it 指代主句中的 situation。R07 安徽In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier thanA.that used to beBit is used toC.it was used to D.it used to beR答案1 DR考點1不定式的省略。R解析1表示過去常常”用used to doR 07 重慶It is not who is right but what is rightA.whichB.itC.thatR答案1 CR考點1此題考查強調(diào)句型R解析1本句

31、為It isthat強調(diào)句型。R06 全國 n It was not until she got homeA.whenB.thatR答案1 BR考點1本題考查強調(diào)句。R解析1強調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為R06遼寧，并且本題中動詞原形be不能省略。is ofiniponaiice.D.thisC.where“It is/was破強調(diào)部分+that/whoIt was after he got what he had desiredJennifer realized she had lost her keys.D.before。”本題強調(diào)時間狀語從句，用thatolie realized it -as no

32、t so iinporwm.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.asR答案1 AR考點1此題考查強調(diào)句。R解析1該句為強調(diào)句,強調(diào)句子的時間狀語 after he got what he had desired。強調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是It is/was+被 強調(diào)部分+that/who+句子的其余成分。R06山東I just wonder由抽1口冰身52送山前，A.why it doesR JV'hcLt he d0CS C.how it isD.what it isR答案1 DR考點1本題考查強調(diào)句。R解析1本題題干相當(dāng)于I just wonder what makes him so e

33、xcited.的意義，所以該題實際上為強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句式，what為賓語從句的連接詞且在從句中作主語。模擬試題探究1 （2010 湖南湘潭期末聯(lián)考）-I hope he won't get ill during the examinations. He has been very well recently.A. CertainlyB. No C. Not D. Yes【答案與解析】B 本題中的否定回答用 no,而不是not,此題回答是省略的，完整形式為“No, hewon't.2 （2010 湖南雅禮中學(xué)月考 ）He is only too ready to help o

34、thers, seldom , refusing them when they turn to him.A . if never B . if ever C. if not D. if any【答案與解析】B 此處seldom , if ever是if there is ever的省略形式，there is ever如果有也是少見的；幾乎從來不”。3 （2010 湖南師大附中月考 ）Mum, I am afraid I won't do well in the coming test.-Honey,more careful,you will make it.A . is; soB .

35、be; andC. be; thenD . being; and【答案與解析】B 祈使句用動詞原形開頭，祈使句+and +簡單句相當(dāng)于由if引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句。4 （2010 河北唐山模擬）Was it near the white building, if I may ask,Martin Luther King gave a speechI have a dream?A whereB thatC whyD in which【答案與解析】B 題意：如果我們問的話，是不是在那座白色的樓房附近馬丁路德 金作了 我有一個夢想 ”的演說呢？if I may ask 是插入語，此句考查強調(diào)句型的一般疑問

36、句形式：Is / Was it 被強調(diào)部分that 原句剩余部分。5 （2010 銀川市期末聯(lián)考）I just don't understandthat prevents so many Americans from being as happyas one might expect.A why it does B what it doesC what it isD why it is【答案與解析】C 本題是賓語從句中的強調(diào)句的使用。可以將原句恢復(fù)“ It is what that prevents so manyAmericans . 但是英語中疑問代詞或副詞須放句首。 ”6 （20

37、10 湖南雅禮中學(xué)月考） find my wallet, Tom?A Where did you thatB Where was it youC Where have you D Where was it that you【答案與解析】D 考查強調(diào)句，強調(diào)地點狀語。故選D 項。7 （2010 安徽期末聯(lián)考） the accident happened? It's said to happen on his way to work.A Do you know it is where thatB Where is it that do you knowC Do you know where

38、 it is thatD Where do you know it is that【答案與解析】D 考查強調(diào)句型。題意： “你知道這事故是在哪發(fā)生的嗎？”“ 據(jù)說是在他上班的路上。”8 （2008 山東青島模擬）I can't remember how many days ago a fight broke out between the husbandand the wife.A whichB whyC that D where【答案與解析】C 題意：我不記得在多少天前這對夫婦曾經(jīng)吵過一架。9 （2010 山東沂南一中高三） How long do you think the computer company brings out a new product?A it will be beforeB will it be untilC will it be whenD it will be thatA 本題考查一個固定結(jié)構(gòu)It will be 一段時間before.，意為 “要過（多久）才 ”，本句實際上是對其時間的提問，所以只有選A 項