1、動詞過去分詞規則動詞的過去分詞一般是由動詞加ed構成(具體規則見后)，不規則動詞的過去分詞見不規則動詞表。過去分詞則屬于類動詞。1. 及物動詞的過去分詞作表語, 與句子主語是被動關系, 表示主語的狀態, 還表示已完成了的動作。 The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。 2. 不及物動詞的過去分詞作表語, 與句子主語是主動關系, 表示主語的狀態, 只表示動作的完成。 He is retired. 他已退休.。3. 有些過去分詞作表語時, 構成的謂語很接近被動結構。過去分詞構成規則1. 規則動詞：規則動詞的過去分詞的構成規則與規則動詞的過去式的構成規則相同。四點變化規則： (1)一般動詞，

2、在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)以“ e ”結尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)以“輔音字母 + y ”結尾的動詞，將 "y" 變為 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried , (4)重讀閉音節結尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2. 不規則動

3、詞，見不規則表一、過去分詞作表語The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 這座城市三面環山. 【注意】過去分詞作表語與被動語態的區別: 過去分詞作表語,主要是表示主語的狀態,而被動語態則表示動作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被動語態,表示動作) (2) The library is now closed. 圖書館關門了.(過去分詞作表語) 【注意】過去分詞表示被動或完成, -ing 形式表示主動或進行。有些動詞如 inter

4、est, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其過去分詞形式來修飾人,用 -ing 形式來修飾物. (3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 這本書很有趣,我對它很感興趣. 二、過去分詞作定語 作定語用的過去分詞相當于形容詞,其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞. 及物動詞的過去分詞作定語,既表被動又表完成;不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語,只表完成. 1. 過去分詞用作定語,如果是單個的, 常置于其所修飾的名詞之前. We must adapt our thinking to the change

5、d conditions. 我們必須使我們的思想適應改變了的情況. 2. 過去分詞短語用作定語時,一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后,其意義相當于一個定語從句,但較從句簡潔,多用于書面語中. The concert given by their friends was a success.他們朋友舉行的音樂會大為成功. 3.過去分詞短語有時也可用作非限制性定語,前后常有逗號. The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會,到會的有五千多人. 4. 用來修飾人的過去分詞有

6、時可以轉移到修飾非人的事物,這種過去分詞在形式上雖不直接修飾人,但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關. The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視. 三、過去分詞作狀語 1. 過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語表示被動的和完成的動作. (1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因為寫得匆忙,這篇文章不是很好. 【注意】written 為過去分詞作狀語,表示這篇文章是被寫的,而且已經被寫. 值得注意的是,有些過去分詞因來源于系表結構,作狀語時不表被動而表主動.這樣的過去

7、分詞及短語有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (駐扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿著); tired of (厭煩). (2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因為沉溺于思考之中,所以他沒聽到那個聲音. 2. 過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語,此時應注意人稱一致. (1) Given another hour, I can also work out this

8、problem. 再給我一個小時,我也能解這道題. (2) Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. 從山頂看城市,城市顯得更漂亮.【注意】如果過去分詞作狀語時,前面再加邏輯主語,主句的主語就不再是分詞的邏輯主語,這種帶邏輯主語的過去分詞結構實際上屬于獨立主格結構. (1) The signal given, the bus started. 信號一發出,汽車就開動了.(the signal 是 given 的邏輯主語,因此主句主語 the bus 就不是given 的邏輯主語. (2) Her he

9、ad held high, she went by. 她把頭昂得高高地從這兒走了過去.(her head 是 held high 的邏輯主語,因此主句主語 she 就不再是held high 的邏輯主語.) 3. 過去分詞作狀語來源于狀語從句. (1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因為淋了一場大雨,所以他全身濕透了. (caught in a heavy rain 為過去分詞短語作原因狀語,它來源于原因狀語從句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.) (2) Grown in rich soil, th

10、ese seeds can grow fast. 如果種在肥沃的土壤里,這些種子能長得很快.( grown in rich soil 為過去分詞作條件狀語,它來源于條件狀語從句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil. 【注意】狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語時有時還可保留連詞,構成"連詞+過去分詞"結構作狀語. When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 當你做體格檢查時要保持鎮定. 4. 過去分詞作狀語的位置.過去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語,后面有逗號與主句隔開;也可放在主

11、句后面,前面有逗號與主句隔開. He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他靜靜地站在那里,被感動得熱淚盈眶. 四、過去分詞作賓語補足語 (一)能夠接過去分詞作賓補的動詞有以下四類: 1. 表示感覺或心理狀態的動詞.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等. (1) I heard the song sung in English. 我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌.(過去分詞s

12、ung的動作顯然先于謂語動作heard;) (2)He found his hometown greatly changed. 他發現他的家鄉變化很大.(過去分詞changed的動作顯然先于謂語動作found) 2. 表示"致使"意義的動詞.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等. (1) I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理發. (2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了. (3) Don't leave those things und

13、one. 要把那些事情做完. 3. 表示思維活動的動詞如consider， know， think等后。如： (1) I consider the matter settled. 我認為這件事解決了。 (2) I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain. 我認為自己在這場交易中有受愚弄了。4. 表示愛憎意愿的動詞如want， wish， like， hate等后。如： (1) I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要預定兩張機票。 (2) He didnt wish it mentioned. 他不愿這事被提起。【注

14、意】過去分詞所表示的動作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動賓關系. (二)使役動詞have接過去分詞作賓補有兩種情況. 1. 過去分詞所表示的動作由他人完成. He had his money stolen. 他的錢給偷了.(被別人偷去了) 2. 過去分詞所表示的動作由句中的主語所經歷.如: He had his leg broken. 他的腿斷了. (自己的經歷) 五、"with +賓語+過去分詞"的結構 此結構中,過去分詞用作介詞 with的賓語補足語.這一結構通常在句中作時間,方式, 條件, 原因等狀語. (1) The murderer was brought in, with

15、 his hands tied behind his back. 兇手被帶進來了,他的雙手被綁在背后.(表方式) (2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加熱,我們就會看到水蒸氣.(表條件) (3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解決,我們都回家了.(表原因) (4)She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注視著他. (5) He stood for an instant wit

16、h his hand still raised. 他仍然舉著手站了一會兒.一、單項選擇題。1. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel.  A. tired; boring    B. tiring; bored     C. tired; bored    D. tiring; boring 2. On getting to the kindergarten, the mother was glad to

17、see her baby well _. A. looked for     B. cared for     C. take care of    D. cared after 3. The two old sisters, _ so long, held each other and burst into tears. A. being separated     B. having been separated

18、    C. having separated   D. had been separated 4. Lets have a rest. The _ work made me very _. A. tired; tired    B. tiring; tiring      C. tired; tiring     D. tiring; tired 5. Just as the valu

19、e of a telephone network increases with each new phone _ to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.  A. adding     B. to have added      C. to add     D. added 6. As we al

20、l know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us _ about what is happening in the world. A. informing     B. to inform      C. informed      D. being informed 7. Everyone was _ by his

21、 _ progress which he made during the two months. A. surprised; surprise         B. surprised; surprised C. surprised; surprising        D. surprising; surprising 8. When he turned around, he found a pair of eyes _ h

22、im.  A. looking      B. watch at     C. fixing on     D. staring at 9. The film you saw last light was made _ on a true story that happened many years ago.  A. base     B. to be based   

23、;    C. based        D. basing 10. After _ his work, the teacher came to help me with my English.A. finished     B. being finished     C. having finished     D. be finishing 11. Fo

24、llow the directions on the bottle carefully when _the medicine.  A. you will take        B. taking       C. to take      D. taken 12. The students, _ their teachers, came home.  A. followed 

25、     B. follow      C. following      D. will follow  13. The long-lasting war, filled with blood and deaths, ended in peoples sadness, _ no result.  A. reached     B. to reach    

26、   C. would reach     D. reaching 14. They spent the night _ in the room. A. having locked      B. locking     C. to be locked      D. locked 15. He wrote a letter to the king _. A. hop

27、ing to be set free         B. to set him free    C. so that be set free         D. asked to be set free 16. Steven has devoted all his life to _ films, and Kate, his wife, is also _ to the duty o

28、f her profession. A. make; devoted      B. making; devoting   C. making; devoted    D. make; devoting 17. _ in the dark, his head hit against a tree. A. Walking           B. He was

29、 walking       C. Walked            D. When he was walking 18. Time should be made good use _ our lessons well. A. of learning     B. to learn     C. to learning

30、0;    D. of to learn 19. The film, _ true story of this Red Army general, attracted peoples interest all over the country.  A. is based on               B. is on the base of    C. which

31、 is the base of         D. based upon 20. She returned home from the market only to find the door open and a number of things_.  A. stole     B. missing      C. missed       &

32、#160; D. losing 21. _ it rains, we will stay at home. A. Supposed     B.  Supposing     C. To suppose      D. If suppose 22. _ with yours, our library is _ too small a size. A. Comparing; in   &#

33、160;      B. Comparing; of      C. Compared; in           D. Compared; of 23. Its dangerous to carry a hot pan with _ oil. A. burning       B. burnt  

34、        C. burn       D. burns 24. We were told that the stone figure _ back to the 16th century was of great value. A. dated        B. dating         

35、0;C. coming      D . kept 25. The boy lay on his back, his teeth _ and his glaring eyes _ straight upwards. A. set; looked           B. set; looking       C. setting; looked  

36、      D. setting; looking 26. _ in the forest, he had to ask for help by sending out signals. A. Having lost      B. Losing       C. Lost      D. He was lost 27. The Golden Gate Br

37、idge, _ several hundred years ago, is worldwide famous.  A. which is built     B. which built       C. having built     D. built 28. I suggested the cheat _ into prison. A. referred to being put   

38、60;      B. referred be put C. referred should be put          D. referred to be put 29. _, I went out for a walk. A. There was nothing to do         B. There being nothing to do&#

39、160;C. There had nothing to do          D. Had nothing to do 30. He returned home to learn that the girl _ had been married the secretary village. A. became engaged to him       B. was engaged to him C. engaged

40、 to him before         D. got engaged to him 31. _ at failing in the maths exam, John wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents. A. Disappointed           B. To be disappointed     &

41、#160;C. Disappointing         D. Having disappointed 32. _ in the dark cave, he was not afraid of being found by _ enemy soldiers.  A. Hidden; armed           B. Hide; armed     C.

42、 hidden; arm             D. Hiding; armed 33. To have the wonderful cloth _ new clothes, they had the machine _ all day long. A. made of; running          B. made of; run  

43、60;   C. made into; working        D. made into; work 34. The World Trade Organization finally opened its door to China on November 10, _ our Chinese 15- year wait.  A. to end       B. ended    &

44、#160;  C. ending       D. ends 35. If _ in wet sand, the vegetables can_ fresh for a long time. A. being buried; remain       B. buried; remain     C. buried; be remained     

45、   D. burying; remain 36. _ over and over again, but he still couldnt understand.A. Having explained    B. having been explained  C. Explaining     D. It had been explained 37. Everything _, the plan is fairly practical, you can put it into

46、 practice. A. considering B. taken into consideration   C. to consider   D. taking into consideration 38. _ from the moon, our earth, with water _ seventy percent of its surface, appears as a “ blue ball”.A. Seen; covered         

47、 B. seeing; covering    C. Seen; covering         D. To see; to cover 39. A great big fellow, _around 250 pounds, walked with slow heavy noisy footsteps up to the producer counter in the supermarket.A. weighed     B. wei

48、ghing      C. weighs      D. weighty 40. - The plan _ is of great importance to everybody.   - I see. He is sure to finish it on time. A. made    B. making     C. to be made    

49、60;  D. to make 41. From the dates_ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.  A. marking              B. marked       C. to be marked    

50、0;     D. having been marked 42. Hearing the good news, I felt a heavy load _ my mind.  A. taking off     B. to be taken off    C. having taken off     D. taken off 43. The students were listening to the teache

51、r, with their eyes _.  A. widely open      B. wide opened    C. widely opened   D. wide open 44. The scientist came to the meeting with his wife _ him. A. being supported    B. supporting     C. suppo

52、rted     D. support 45. The noise of the machines _ can be clearly heard in our classroom. A. fixed       B. being fixed     C. to be fixed      D. having been fixed 46. After a few rounds o

53、f talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute _. A. being settled     B. to be settled       C. had settled    D. as settled 47. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _ on benches, chairs, or boxes.

54、60;A. having seated      B. seating       C. seated        D. seat 48. _ in this way, the situation doesnt seem so disappointing.  A. To look at        B. Looking at

55、       C. Looked at        D. To be looked at 49. _ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000.A. To be judged the best          

56、;    B. Having judged the bestC. Judged the best                   D. Judging the best 50. The president promised to keep all the board members _ of how the negotiations were going on. 

57、A. inform         B. informing          C. be informed       D. informed 51. _ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.  A. To face   &

58、#160;  B. Having faced    C. Faced      D. Facing 52. When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians _ jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly. A. wearing      B. to wear   

59、60;   C. worn      D. having worn 53. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form     B. form      C. forming  

60、     D. having formed 54. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing          B. introduced        C. introduce       

61、;      D. being introduced 55. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss.  A. questioning        B. having questioned      C. questioned       

62、  D. to be questioned 56. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.  A. To wait           B. Have waited        C. Having waited   

63、0; D. To have waited 57. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.  A. to smell      B. smelling      C. smelt         D. to be smelt 58. The disc, d

64、igitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party. A. recorded     B. recording    C. to be recorded      D. having recorded 59. Having been attacked by terrorists, _. A. doctors came to their rescue   &

65、#160;      B. the tall building collapsed  C. an emergency measure was taken     D. warnings were given to tourists 60. _ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend anther two days on the farm. A. Attracting   

66、  B. Attracted     C. To be attracted    D. Having attracted 61. The old man, _ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his mother. A. to work     B. working      C. to have worked   

67、 D. having worked 62. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing     B. known      C. being known      D. to be known 63. _ the programme, they have to stay there for anothe

68、r two days.  A. Not completing             B. Not completed      C. Not having completed         D. Not completed 64. Laws that punish parents for their little child

69、rens actions against the laws get parents _.  A. worried       B. to worry      C. worrying       D. worry 65. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put  

70、;       B. to be putting     C. to put       D. putting 66. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party.  A. get changed      B. get change      C. get

71、 changing     D. get to change 67. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _. A. exhausting            B. exhausted       C. being exhausted    &

72、#160;   D. having exhausted 68. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke         B. smoking       C. to smoke       D. smoked 69. Suddenly, a tall man drivi

73、ng a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods.  A. seizing; disappeared            B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing          D. seized; disappearing 70.

74、_ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given      B. To give       C. Giving      D. Given 71. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.  A. when taking &

75、#160;       B. when taken      C. when to take         D. when to be taken 72. Friendship is like money: easier made than _. A. kept       B. to be kept   

76、  C. keeping     D. being kept 73. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited      B. inviting        C. being invited       D. having invited 74. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will