1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上初中英語語法非謂語動詞 （全面總結）非謂語動詞包括動詞不定式，動詞- ing形式和過去分詞。非謂語動詞沒有人稱和數的變化，不受主語人稱和謂語動詞的時態變化干擾，但是有時態和語態的變化。非謂語動詞在句中不能單獨作謂語，但仍保留動詞的特點，即可以有自己的賓語和狀語。To hear your voice is so nice.動詞不定式Reading books makes one wise.動詞-ing形式This is a book written by Balzac.過去分詞1、 動詞不定式2、1.1動詞不定式的類型動詞不定式是一種動詞的非謂語形式，可在句中充當多種成

2、分，是初中英語學習中必須掌握的重要語法項目。1.2動詞不定式的句法功能1.2.1動詞不定式作主語To learn a foreign language is not easy.1.2.2動詞不定式作主語Her job is to look after the children.1.2.3動詞不定式作賓語He wants to buy some stamps.1.2.4動詞不定式作賓語補足語The doctor told me to have a rest.1.2.5動詞不定式作定語I want something to eat.1.2.6動詞不定式作狀語Yesterday they came

3、to visit us.1.3動詞不定式的時態和語態1.3.1一般式：to do表示不定式的動作發生在謂語動詞的動作之后，或同時發生。I want to visit my teacher.I believe him to be a good studeng.1.3.2完成式：to have done 表示不定式的動作發生在謂語的動作之前。I am sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.1.3.3進行式：to be doing 表示不定式的動作與謂語的動作同時進行。He seems to be worrying about it.1.3.4

4、被動語態:to be done 表示被動關系。This sick man will need to be taken to a hospital.1.4動詞不定式的重點與難點1.4.1疑問句 + to + 動詞原形該句型可與賓語從句互換I dont know what to do. = I dont know what I should do. 疑問句在不定式中充當成分時，疑問代詞作賓語，疑問副詞作狀語。I dont know what to do.(疑問代詞what作賓語)I dont know how to do it.(疑問副詞how作狀語)1.4.2動詞不定

5、式作定語動詞不定式要放在所修飾的名詞、代詞之后。He has an important meeting to attend.(定語)動詞不定式與所修飾的名詞、代詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系，因此若不定式的動詞是不及物動詞或者不定時所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，不定式后面就要加上相應的介詞。They want a big room to live in.Pass me a knife to cut the bread with.1.4.3動詞不定式作狀語當動詞不定式修飾表語形容詞作狀語時，它和主語構成動賓關系。同樣，如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞時要加相應的

6、介詞。The house is very comfortable to live in.The pen is good to write with.1.5使用不定式的注意事項1.5.1有些動詞的不定式省略to.祈使動詞如make, let , haveThe boss made Toms father work all day.感官動詞如hear, see, noticeI saw him go into the classroom just now.用于被動語態時，被省略的to需要還原He was made to do the job at once

7、.*不定式省略to的口訣有些動詞跟不定式作賓語補足語時省去了to，其口訣是：一感二聽三讓四觀看。一感：feel二聽：hear, listen to三讓：let, have, make四觀看：observe, see, watch, look at1.5.2動詞不定式的否定需在to前加not。Mother often tells Tom not to play football in the street.1.5.3作簡略回答或為避免不必要的重復時，不定式常可省略to后面的動詞，只保留to。動詞 make, let, see, hear后面的詞可全部省略。A: Did you go to see

8、 the Great Wall.B: Yes, I went to.A: Did Mary go there with you.B: No, her mother didnt let her.1.5.4接不定式作賓語的動詞有want, wish, hope, decide等。1.5.5接帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞有ask, tell, get, wish, want, like, teach等。1.5.6接不帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞有let, make, have, see, watch, feel, listen to等。1.5.7接不定式狀語的形容詞有happy, sorry, afra

9、id, able, sure等。1.5.8 帶to的不定式作主語等，常用形式主語it代替，其作表語的形容詞有important, easy, difficult, hard, good, bad, right等。It is too hard for him to work out such a difficult problem.1.5.9既可接不定式，又可接動詞-ing形式的動詞有like, love, hate, start, begin, need和stop, remember, forget, go on, try等，前者意義沒有多大的區別，后者區別比較大。1.5.10帶to的不定式和

10、疑問詞連用，相當于一個名詞作賓語或賓補，這種句式可以把不定式轉換為復合句，這類動詞有know, decide, tell, ask, find, hear, learn ,thinks等。1.5.11帶to的不定式作定語的動詞有have，there be。I have a few letters to write.1.5.12不定式to在一些情態動詞或助動詞及一些表“意愿”的動詞之后代替上文提到的動詞。這類動詞有have, be able, be going, hope, like, love, try等。A: Would you like to go with me.B: Yes，Id li

11、ke to.*只接不定式作賓語的一些常用特殊謂語動詞。want想要hope希望wish想做（某事）agree同意decide決定manage設法做成refuse拒絕pretend 假裝1.6動詞不定式的幾個重要句型1.6.1疑問句 + 動詞不定式My teacher didnt tell me what to do next.1.6.2 tooto/enough toThey are too shy to speak English.Its too dark for him to see anything in the room.1.6.3 it is/was + 形容詞 + of sb. t

12、o do sth.(形容詞只能修飾sb.和to do sth.)It is/was + 形容詞 + for sb. to do sth. (形容詞只能修飾to do sth.)It was very clever of him to do it like that.It was hard for him to say goodbye.*tooto與sothat 的轉換The box is too heavy for him to lift.= the box is so heavy that he cant lift it.*of sb. 句型可以轉換成一個不定式作狀語的句子，而for sb.

13、 句型則不可以。It is very kind of you to help me. -> You are very kind to help me.補充：形容詞/副詞 + enough to do sth. 與sothatcan do sth.的轉換：He runs fast enough to get there first.è He runs so fast that he can get there first.1.6.4 why(not) do?A: lets go out to eat tonight.B: Yes, why not?1.6.5 There be t

14、o doThere are some clothes to wash.There is a room to clean.1.6.6 be about to do sth.I was about to go to bed when the policeman knocked at the door.1.6.7 had better do sth.had better not do sth.You had better not eat too much.So as toSo as to He got up early so as to meet his parents at the airport

15、.2 動詞-ing形式動詞-ing形式是動詞的另一種非限定形式，包括現在分詞和動名詞兩種，有動詞原型加-ing構成。動詞-ing形式可以作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語等，下面將一一介紹動詞-ing形式的這些用法。2.1動詞-ing形式作主語的情況動詞-ing形式作主語，有時也可以用it作形式主語，而把動詞-ing形式放在后面。Reading poetry brings people from different places and different times together.Its useless arguing with him.2.2 動詞-ing形式作動詞賓語在下面這

16、些詞后常接動詞-ing形式作賓語。mind 介意finish 完成consider考慮miss 錯過enjoy 喜歡practice訓練keep堅持appreciate欣賞She looks forward to walking in the flower-lined garden every spring.I am considering selling my house to collect the money.Good news keeps on coming.The girl was told to practice playing the piano for three house

17、every day.下列動詞和詞組只能用動詞-ing形式作賓語Enjoy喜歡Consider考慮Escape逃脫Give up放棄Risk冒險deny否認Object to反對Imagine想象Delay耽誤Put off推遲Advise建議Allow允許Admit承認Permit允許Finish完成Suggest建議Practice聯系Avoid避免Mind介意Keep(on)繼續miss錯過2.3 動詞-ing形式放在系動詞后作表語His favorite sports is hiking.My job is palying all kinds of musical instruments

18、.2.4動詞-ing形式在一些動詞后作賓語補足語動詞-ing形式在listen to, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, leave, look at, have等動詞后作賓語補足語，表示動作正在進行。They left the fire burning all day long.Do you notice him writing something there?The policeman caught him stealing the bike.I heat him singing in the next room.2.5動詞-ing形式作定語的兩類情況2.5

19、.1我們常說的動名詞作定語，用來修飾無生命的名詞，且只能前置；這類定語不能改為名詞從句。A teaching building 教學樓A walking stick 拐杖A swimming pool 游泳池A sleeping bag 睡袋A smiling face 笑臉A reading room 閱覽室2.5.2 我們常說的現在分詞作定語，多用來修飾有生命的名詞（有時也可以用來修飾無生命的名詞）。這類定語，如果動詞-ing形式是單獨修飾名詞，常前置；如果動詞-ing短語修飾名詞，則常后置，它們都可以被改為定語從句。The dancing girl (The girl who is da

20、ncing) is my classmate.The new hospital being built (which is being built) is just near our school.動詞-ing形式作狀語這類結構常用來表示時間、原因、條件、結構。它相當于一個狀語從句，其邏輯主語就是主語的主語；也可置于句尾，表示伴隨、補充說明。2.6.1動詞-ing形式作狀語表示時間Hearing the good news (= When they heard the good news), the students were wild with joy.Having watered the

21、vegetables ( = After they had watered the vegetables), they went back home for breakfast.2.6.3動詞-ing形式作狀語表示條件Standing on the top of the tower (= If we stand on the top of the tower), we can see as far as the Yangtze River.2.6.4動詞-ing形式作狀語表示自然而然的結果Her husband died in 1942, leaving five children with

22、her(= and left five children with her).2.6.5動詞-ing形式作狀語表示伴隨或補充說明Every evening they sat on the sofa watching TV(= and watched TV).3過去分詞過去分詞的基本形式是“動詞+ed”，但也有不規則的形式。動詞的不規則過去分詞需要逐一記憶。過去分詞可以作定語、表語、賓語補足語、狀語，等。3.1過去分詞作前置定語單個的過去分詞或帶副詞的單個過去分詞作定語時，放在所修飾詞的前面，為前置定語，具有形容詞的特點。A broken windowA recently-built house

23、A newly-married couple3.2過去分詞作后置定語有時為了強調，過去分詞作定語時要置于被修飾的名詞之后，作后置定語，此時過去分詞既有形容詞的特征，又有動詞的特征。He is a man loved and respected by all.3.3 過去分詞作定語與定語從句的關系及物動詞的過去分詞可以改為動詞為被動形式的定語從句；部分不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語時，可改為動詞為完成式或動詞為表示狀態的定語從句。A returned scholar = a scholar who has returnedThe first textbooks written for teachin

24、g English ( = which were written for teaching English) as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.The computer center opened last year（= which was opened last year）is very popular among the students in the school.3.4過去分詞作表語表示主語所處的狀態He was terrified at seeing this scene.The door remained unlo

25、cked.3.5 過去分詞作表語與被動狀態的區別3.5.1 過去分詞作表語表示主語的特點或所處的狀態，被動語態則表示一個被動的動作。The cup is broken.(過去分詞表狀態)The cup was broken by my brother.（過去分詞表動作）3.5.2過去分詞作表語除用于系動詞后面外，還可用于get, become, grow, turn等詞后面，而被動語態沒有此種用法。（R）We became/got excited.（R）We were excited by the news.（W）We became/got excited by the news.3.6過去分

26、詞作賓語補足語的基本用法過去分詞作賓語補足語，賓語與過去分詞之間為被動關系，表示被動意義和完成意義。3.6.1使役動詞keep, leave，get, make的賓語后面經常帶過去分詞作賓語補足語，表示“使處于某種狀態”，分詞和賓語之間是被動關系，而“have/get + 賓語 + 過去分詞”表示“讓別人作某事”或“遭遇到某種情況”。He raised his voice in order to make himself heard by the audience.I must have my hair cut tomorrow.Jane had her purse stolen on the bus yesterday.Mary got the car washed.We mustnt leave the work unfinished.3.6.2表示感覺的動詞所帶的賓語后面都可以接過去分詞作賓語補足語。及物動詞作賓語補