1、科學技術類完形閱讀【2012江蘇卷】閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。The concept of solitude (獨處) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be 36 . Solitude can be hard to discover

2、 37 it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have 38 our culture.The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a ( n) 39 as we've known it. People have become so 40 in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted 41 they'd rather not be. Today we

3、can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog(寫博客), not only from our 42 but from our mobile phones as well.Most developed nations have become 43 on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it, and at this point not 44 it would make them an outsider. 45 , many jobs and careers requi

4、re people to be 46 . From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a 47 to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who 48 wants it. Computers can be

5、 shut 49 and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be "connected" and "on" has many 50 , as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up 51 on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel 52 and forced to answer unwanted call

6、s or 53 to unwanted texts.Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society 54 across generations. Some find today's technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyone's view on the subject, it's hard to imagine what life would be like 55 daily advancements in technology.

7、36.A. updatedB. receivedC. sharedD. collected37.A. thoughB. untilC. onceD. before38.A. respected B. shaped C. ignoredD. preserved39.A. edge B. stage C. endD. balance40. A. sensitiveB.intelligentC. considerateD. reachable41. A. even if B. only ifC. as ifD. if only42.A.mediaB.computesC. databasesD. mo

8、nitors43.A.bentB.hardC. keenD. dependent43. A. bent B. hard C. keenD. dependent44. A. findingB. using C. protectingD. changing45. A. Also B. Instead C. Otherwise D. Somehow46. A. connected B. trained C. recommended D. interested47. A. pleasure B. benefit C. burdenD. disappointment48.A. slightlyB. ha

9、rdlyC. merelyD. really49.A. outB. downC. upD. in50.A. aspectsB. weaknessesC. advantagesD. exceptions51.A. hiddenB. lostC. relaxedD. deserted52.A. trappedB. excitcdC. confusedD. amused53.A. turnB. submitC. objectD. reply54.A. varyB. ariseC. spreadD. exist55.A. beyondB. withinC. despiteD. without【考點】科

10、技類議論文【文章大意】在現代社會中，由于數碼技術的發展，我們獨處的概念幾乎不復存在。盡管人們對現代技術的發展持有不同的看法，但是技術的進步，我們的生活會完全不同。讓我們盡情的享受生活。36【答案】C【考點】動詞義辨析【試題解析】根據第一句話“The concept of solitude (獨處) in the digital world is almost non-existent.“在數碼時代里，獨處的概念幾乎是不存在的”可知，此處表示信息是被共享的。故選C項。【難度】一般37【答案】C【考點】連詞詞義辨析【試題解析】根據上下無奈語境，一旦被放棄孤獨是很難發現的。once意為“一旦”，符合

11、語境。though意為“盡管”；until意為“直到”；before意為“在之前”。都不符合題意。【難度】一般38【答案】B【考點】動詞詞義辨析【試題解析】根據上下文，句意：在這方面，新技術塑造著我們的未來。respect意為“尊重”；shape意為“塑造，使成形”；ignore意為“忽視”；preserve意為“保護”。根據語境可知，應選B項。【難度】一般39【答案】C【考點】動詞詞義辨析【試題解析】根據本句中的connect（連接）可知，此處表示終止孤獨。end意為“結束，終止”，符合語境。【難度】一般40【答案】D【考點】形容詞詞義辨析【試題解析】根據后半句“and connection

12、s that one can often be contacted 41 they'd rather not be.人們能夠經常被聯系”可知，在網絡連接世界中，人們已經變得如此地可達到。reachable意為“可達到的，可獲得的”，符合語境。【難度】一般41【答案】A【考點】連詞詞義辨析【試題解析】根據上下文，可推知， 在網絡連接世界中，人們已經變得如此地可達到以致即使不愿意被聯系，也可能經常被聯系。根據語境可知，應選A項。even if意為“即使”；only if意為“只要”；as if意為“似乎”；if only意為“要是該多好”。【難度】一般42【答案】B【考點】名詞詞義辨析【試

13、題解析】根據上文中的network可知，交談、發短信、法電子郵件等等應與電腦有關。故選B項。【難度】一般43【答案】D【考點】動詞詞義辨析【試題解析】根據后半句“theyve grown accustomed to it”可知，許多發達國家已經依賴于數碼技術。dependent (on)意為“依靠的”，符合語境。bent (on)意為“決心的”；hard（on）意為“嚴厲的”；keen (on)意為“愛好，喜歡”。【難度】一般44【答案】B【考點】動詞詞義辨析【試題解析】根據前半句“Most developed nations have become 43 on digital technol

14、ogy simply because they've grown accustomed to it,”可知，此處意為：不使用它會讓他們成為局外人。故選B項。【難度】一般45【答案】A【考點】副詞詞義辨析【試題解析】此處表示進一步陳述人們與新技術的聯系。故選A項。【難度】一般46【答案】A【考點】動詞詞義辨析【試題解析】許多工作和職業需要人們被聯系。根據上下文多次提到connect和contact可知，應選A項。【難度】一般47【答案】C【考點】名詞詞義辨析【試題解析】根據后半句“may not want to be able to be contacted at all times”可

15、知，經常被聯系是一種負擔。A項意為“愉悅”；benefit意為“利益”；disappointment意為“失望”，均與語境不符。故選C項。【難度】一般48【答案】D【考點】副詞詞義辨析【試題解析】獨處對于真正想要獨處的人來說仍然是可能的。slightly意為“稍微”；hardly意為“幾乎不”；merely意為“僅僅”；really意為“真正地”。 really符合語境。【難度】一般49【答案】B【考點】動詞短語詞義辨析【試題解析】根據后半句中的“turn off”可知，此處應為意義一致的短語，shut down意為“關閉”，符合語境。shut out意為“關在外面，遮住”；shut up意為

16、“住口”；shut in意為“關進”。【難度】一般50【答案】C【考點】動詞詞義辨析【試題解析】根據disadvantages可知這句的句意，“除了劣勢之外，還有很多優勢”。故選C項。【難度】一般51【答案】B【考點】形容詞詞義辨析【試題解析】根據后半句“mobile phones have saved countless lives.”，可知此處指旅游者在山上迷路了。故選B項。【難度】一般52【答案】A【考點】形容詞詞義辨析【試題解析】根據本句中的“force和unwanted”可知，手機還使人們人感到困窘（trapped），被迫回答不必要的電話或者回復不必要的短信。excited意為“興奮

17、的”；confused意為“混亂的，困惑的，糊涂的”；amused意為“愉快的”。【難度】一般53【答案】D【考點】動詞短語詞義辨析【試題解析】根據上一題的解析可知，此處為回復短信。turn to意為“轉向；求助于”，submit to意為“提交；服從”；object to意為“反對”，均與語境不符。故選D項。【難度】一般54【答案】A【考點】動詞詞義辨析【試題解析】根據下文，說到人們對現在的技術的態度可知，態度在不同時代有所變化。vary意為“變化，改變”，符合語境。arise意為“出現”；spread意為“傳播”；exist意為“存在”。【難度】一般55【答案】D【考點】介詞詞義辨析【試題

18、解析】根據上下文，句意：如果沒有每日的技術進步，難以想象生活會是什么樣。根據本句賓語從句中所用的虛擬語氣可知，應選without，意為“沒有”。beyond意為“超過，超越”；within意為“在之內”；despite意為“盡管”。【難度】一般【長難句分析】1. The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a ( n) 39 as we've known it.本句是as 引導的原因狀語從句，主句中的主語to be connected動詞不定式修飾the desire 為后置定語。2. People have become so

19、 40 in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted 41 they'd rather not be. 在網絡連接世界中，人們已經變得如此地可達到以致即使不愿意被聯系，也可能經常被聯系。So that 引導的結果狀語從句。3.Being reachable might feel like a 47 to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.動名詞做主語，后面who may not want to b

20、e able to be contacted at all times.是those的后置定語從句。4. I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who 48 wants it.Suppose的賓語從句，在賓語從句中that 引導的表語從句。5. Regardless of anyone's view on the subject, it's hard to imagine what life would be like 55 daily advancements in

21、technology. 盡管在這個問題觀點不同。如果沒有每日的技術進步，難以想象生活會是什么樣。Regardless of 引導的讓步狀語從句。后面主句中是imagine的賓語從句，what 為連詞。高考英語命題與應對：科普類閱讀【背景介紹】科普小品是高考英語閱讀理解的重要內容,也是高考閱讀理解題的考查難點。科普小品閱讀材料著重向讀者介紹科學新發明、新創造,介紹生產新工藝、制造新方法,讓讀者了解科學知識,從而努力拼搏學好科學知識,并用所學科學知識為人民服務。因科普小品向讀者介紹新的發明創造和工藝流程,讀者對其缺乏相應了解,因此理解難度較大。同時科普說明文有很多解釋性、定義性、說明性長句,句子結

22、構特別復雜,往往出現多種從句重疊的現象,因此,閱讀科技說明文時同學們一定要保持頭腦冷靜,切勿急躁,始終以平靜的心態閱讀原文。閱讀時應認真分析長句句子結構和邏輯關系,這樣才能對其做出準確理解。相信只要同學們認真地閱讀、審題,是一定能夠讀懂科普說明文并正確解題的。【命題趨勢】 閱讀理解題主要考查考生對書面語篇的整體領悟能力和接受及處理具體信息的能力。試題的取材，密切聯系當前我國和世界經濟、科技等方面的變化，有關數據的來源真實可信。因此科普知識類文章是每年的必考題。分析歷年的科普類文章我們不難發現以下特點： 1.文章邏輯性強，條理清楚，語法結構簡單，用語通俗。 2.文章內容注重科技領域的新發現。內容

23、新穎，從而使文章顯得陌生，內容抽象復雜。 3.命題方面注意對具體細節的準確理解和以之為依據的推理判斷。 4.以人們的日常行為或飲食健康入手，探討利弊，詮釋過程，闡述概念。 【應試對策】 許多考生在考試時感到困惑的是：為什么一些沒有超越中學語法和詞匯范圍的篇章，讀起來卻不能正確理解，或者要花費很多時間才能讀懂呢？這種現象的產生與閱讀方法有很大的關系。例如，有的考生在考試時一見到文章就立刻開始讀，結果讀了半天，還不知道短文講的是什么，試題要求了些什么，結果浪費了大量的時間，而閱讀效果并不好。那么，怎樣讀效果才好呢？任何一種閱讀方法或技巧的使用，都是由篇章特點和試題本身的要求決定的，應根據不同的體裁

24、和試題要求采取不同的策略。 1.瀏覽。 瀏覽的主要目的就是確定文章的體裁。如果文章屬于人物傳記、記敘文、故事、科普小品和有關社會文化、文史知識的文章，一般來說，應該先看看文章的試題考查內容，對題目類型做到心中有數，針對不同問題，在通讀時有粗有細地去閱讀，這樣不僅能把握篇章的基本結構和邏輯線索，也能做好有關具體事實信息考查的試題。 2.挖掘寓意，掌握中心思想，推出結論。 任何文章，作者在行文時都有一定的寫作目的和主要話題。在通讀篇章時應該吃透作者的寫作意圖，抓住文章的主題句，充分發揮自己的想象力和概括力，作出對中心思想的歸納和結論的推斷。 3.把握篇章結構，利用上下文進行推測。 高考中的閱讀理解

25、篇章往往是一個較完整的短文，其結構、思想，前后上下連貫統一。考試時應充分利用這一特點推測一些生詞、短語在句中的含義，切莫盲目孤立猜測。 4.綜觀全篇，前后呼應。 這是閱讀理解的最后一步，在做完閱讀理解題后，要立足于文章整體，再迅速讀一遍短文，短文中的問題和答案的設置前后都是相關聯的，有著一定的連續性，體現著文章的基本脈絡。【常見題型分析與解題指導】 (一) 生詞詞義判斷題科普說明文介紹科學發明創造和先進工藝流程,常出現一些反映現代科技的生詞,因此,出現生詞詞義判斷題是理所當然的。這些試題常以科學新發明、新創造、工藝新流程為題點命制試題,這種試題常以What does the underline

26、d word mean?或What is the meaning of the underlined word?為設問方式考查對生詞詞義的判斷。應對方法: 解題時一定要認真閱讀原文,分析原文對該科學新發明、新創造、工藝新流程是如何解釋、如何定義的,在此基礎上抽象概括出生詞詞義。(二) 代詞指代判斷題科技說明文在對科學新發明、新創造、工藝新流程進行解釋時,易出現動作變換多,人稱轉換頻的現象,因此,經常出現代詞指代判斷題,這些試題常以it, they, them等表示物的代詞為命題題點,其解題方法與推理故事閱讀理解代詞指代判斷題解題方法相似。應對方法:解題時應認真分析動作轉換背景,區分動作不同執行

27、者,從而準確判斷代詞的正確指代。(三) 科學方法圖示判斷題科普說明文常出現科學方法圖示判斷題,這種試題或以工藝流程為命題題點,要求同學們判斷正確的流程順序,或以生產方法為命題題點,要求同學們判斷正確的生產方法; 或以機械配制為命題題點,要求同學們判斷正確的機械配制。應對方法:解題時一定要認真閱讀分析原文對科學發明創造誕生過程的介紹和工藝流程過程的介紹,并且邊讀邊畫簡易草圖幫助自己理解,思考備選答案時應對照原文介紹情況,找出各圖不同之處,最終做出正確判斷。(四) 數字運算判斷題這種試題常要求考生判斷某種發明創造被使用時所能達到的高度、深度和寬度及生產某種新產品的數量。應對方法: 解題時應認真閱讀

28、分析原文,尋找相應運算公式或運算規律。(五) 發明創造影響判斷題這種試題常以What is the greatest influence of the new invention?或What is the best effect of the new invention?或What is the most important result of the new invention?為設問方式考查對發明創造影響的判斷。應對方法:解題時應尋找原文對科學發明創造效果介紹內容,從眾多效果中找出最佳效果。(六) 新產品使用方法判斷題科學的發明創造都應推廣使用才能轉化為生產力,因此,科普說明閱讀理解材料常

29、出現產品使用方法判斷題,這些試題常以What is the correct way to use the new invention?或How can you use the new product?或What should we do to use the new product?為設問方式考查對新產品使用方法的判斷。應對方法:解題時應認真閱讀原文介紹新產品使用方法的注意點,從而找到新產品正確的使用方法。鏈接3 （2012安徽卷）Welcome to your future life!You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Yo

30、ur face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150,so at 40, youre not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging(抗衰老的) treatment. Now, all three of look the same age !You say to your shirt , ”Turn red.” It changes f

31、rom blue to red. In 2035, “smart clothes” contain particles(粒子) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change clothes color or pattern.You walk into the kitchen . You pick up the milk ,but a voice says ,” You shouldnt drink that!” Your fridge has read the chip (

32、芯片) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old . In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip .Its time to go to work . In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your “smart car” where to go. On the way , you can call a friend using your jacket sle

33、eve . Such “smart technology” is all around you.75.What is the text mainly about?A. Food and clothing in 2035.B. Future technology in everyday life.C. Medical treatments of the future.D. The reason for the success of new technology.【考點】科幻類說明文【文章大意】。本文講的是對未來的生活吃，穿，住，工作等的描述。72.【答案】D【試題解析】文章的第二段“The pa

34、rticles can be programmed to change clothes color or pattern.”可知答案。【難度】一般73.【答案】C【試題解析】段落大意題。根據文章第四段所講的，當到廚房的時候，牛奶過期了，會有電子信息告訴你不能吃了。故選C項。【難度】一般74.【答案】D【試題解析】根據“Its time to go to work . In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your “smart car” where to go.”可知D項正確。【難度】一般75.【答案】B【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“For

35、 new technology to succeed,”和后面的the internet 可知下一段將要講的是科技。故選B項。【難度】一般2010·山東 Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems.While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful，problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than th

36、e devices themselves.University of Missouri(MU)researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller，lighter and more efficient. “To provide enough power，we need certain methods with high energy density (密度)，”said Jae Kwon，assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU

37、.“The radioisotope (放射性同位素)battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.” Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery，presently the size and thickness of a penny，intended to power various micro/nanoelectromechanical systems(M/NEMS

38、)Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns，Kwon said they are safe. “People hear the word nuclearand think of something very dangerous，”he said.“However，nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices，such as pacemakers，space satellites and underwater systems.” His n

39、ew idea is not only in the batterys size，but also in its semiconductor(半導體)Kwons battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor. “The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy，part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶格結構)

40、 of the solid semiconductor，”Kwon said.“By using a liquid semiconductor，we believe we can minimize that problem.”Together with J. David Robertson，chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor，Kwon is working to build and test the battery.In the future，they hope to increase th

41、e batterys power，shrink its size and try with various other materials.Kwon said that the battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.()1. Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon? A. He teaches chemistry at MU. B. He developed a chemical battery. C. He is working on a nuclear energy

42、source. D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering. ()2. Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_. A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied B. to indicate nuclear batteries can be safely used C. to describe a nuclearpowered system D. to introduce various energy sources ()3. Liquid semic

43、onductor is used to_. A. get rid of the radioactive waste B. test the power of nuclear batteries C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries D. reduce the damage to lattice structure ()4. According to Jae Kwon，his nuclear battery _. A. uses a solid semiconductor B. will soon replace the present ones C

44、. could be extremely thin D. has passed the final test()5. The text is most probably a _. A. science news report B. book review C. newspaper ad D. science fiction story答案：CBDCA (09·重慶E篇)A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry

45、that it may be “running out of control”, This idea is dangerous.Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine the outcomes of science. But here is a real

46、 danger. Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing.Some people go even further. They say t

47、hat despite the moral and legal objections(反對), whatever is scientifically possible will be done-somewhere , sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages then from making efforts to buil

48、d a safer world.In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. D

49、espite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact(影響) on traditional moral values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict.Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be extended f

50、ar beyond scientific societies. Only through the untied efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future.72. What can we conclude from the recent study?A. People think highly of science.B. People hold mixed opinions abou

51、t science.C. Science is getting dangerously out of control.D. Science is used for both good and bad purposes.73. According to the passage , what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control?A. The development of science will hopelessly slow down.B. Businesses will have even greater

52、influence on science.C. The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future.D. People will work more actively to put science under control.74. The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because_A. scientists have failed to predict the outcomesB. the ties between different areas

53、 need strengtheningC. united efforts are necessary for the development of scienceD. people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science75. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Science and its applications bring us many dangers.B. The development of science mostly lies in people's a

54、ttitudes.C. Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts.D. The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas.答案 72.B 73.C 74.D 75.B(09·湖南D篇)Andrew Ritchie, inventor of the Brompton folding bicycle, once said that the perfect portable bike would be “like a magic

55、carpetYou could fold it up and put it into your pocket or handbag”. Then he paused: “But youll always be limited by the size of the wheels. And so far no one has invented a folding wheel.”It was a rare indeed unique occasion when I was able to put Ritchie right. A 19th-century inventor, William Henr

56、y James Grout, did in fact design a folding wheel. His bike, predictably named the Grout Portable, had a frame that split into two and a larger wheel that could be separated into four pieces. All the bits fitted into Grouts Wonderful Bag, a leather case.Grouts aim: to solve the problems of carrying a bike on a train. Now doesnt that sound familiar? Grout intended to find a way of making a bike small enough for train travel: his bike was a huge beast. And importantly, the design of early bicycles gave him an advantage: in Grouts day, tyres we