1、龍文教育學科導學案教師: 郇成會 學生: 年級 日期: 2013/ / 星期: 時段: _ :00-_ _:00 學情分析 課 題中考二輪復習專題四：介詞與數詞 學習目標 與 考點分析學習目標：1. 對知識進行分類學習，同時將每個考點串聯起來講解，并且將易混淆 的知識放在一起進行比照。 2. 在對知識分類講解的同時，時刻不忘學生基礎知識的復習。考點分析：1. 在分類學習的過程中與學生一起對歷屆的中考題進行研究學習 2. 加強學生閱讀能力的培養以及強化學生的邏輯推理能力。學習重點學習方法歸納，總結，講授，練習 學習內容與過程一：Lead-in二：Presentation一. 介詞的用法I. 介詞

2、的功能介詞是一種虛詞，用來表示名詞或相當于名詞的其它詞語句中其它詞的關系，不能單獨使用。介詞可與名詞或相當于名詞的其它詞構成介詞短語。介詞短語可在句中作定語，狀語，表語和賓語補足語。例如：The boy over there is Johns brother. (定語) The girl will be back in two hours. (狀語) Our English teacher is from Australia. (表語) Help yourself to some fish. (賓語補足語)II. 常用介詞的用法辨析1. 表時間的介詞(1). at, in on at : 表示

3、時間點. eg：at six oclock/ at noon/ at midnight/ at Halloween in: 表示在某個世紀，某年，某月，某個季節以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上。eg：in the ninettenth century / in 2002/ in may/ in winter/ in the morning/ in the afternoon on: 表示具體的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上.eg：on Monday, on July 1st / on Sunday morning1 .Well have a hiking trip, but when shall

4、we meet?Lets make it _ half past eight _ the morning of June 21.2 . I made a special card for my father _ Fathers Day this year.(2) . since, before, until before詞義“在.時間之前”，而since詞義是“自從.時間以來”，until是“一直到.時間句型It is +一段時間since /before/until的區別eg. It has been two years since I graduated from my high scho

5、ol. Itll be a year before I graduate from my college. It had been ten years until/ before he came back.EX. ( ) It will be about three weeks_he comes back. A.after B.until C.since D.before(3). in, afterin一段時間in一段時間s time(與將來時連用)。after與將來時態連用時，后面只能跟表示時間點的詞語。after與過去時態連用時，后面才能跟表示一段時間的詞語。eg. He will be

6、back in two months. He will arrive after four oclock. He returned after a month.EX. ( ) -How soon shall we start the bicycle trip? -_. A. In three days B. After three days C. In three days time D. After three days timeII. 表示地點的介詞(1). at, in, onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某個范圍之內；on往往表示“在某個物體的外表”。eg. He arrived

7、 in Shanghai yesterday. They arrived at a small village before dark. There is a big hole in the wall. The teacher put up a picture on the wall.(2). over, above, onover, on和above都可表示“在上面”，但具體含義不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反義詞是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反義詞是below。On指兩個物體外表接觸，一個在另一的上面。eg. There is a b

8、ridge over the river. We flew above the clouds. They put some flowers on the teachers desk.EX. They climbed_ the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.(3). across, throughacross和through均可表示“從這一邊到另一邊”，但用法不同。Across的含義與on有關，表示動作在某一物體的外表進行。Through的含義與in有關，表示動作是在三維空間進行。EX.There is a bridge the river.

9、Many boats go it every day. The train ran _the tunnel (隧道). The boy swam_ the river. The moonlight goes _ the window and makes the room bright. (4). in front of, in the front ofin front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”反義詞組behind，在某個范圍以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某個范圍以內,反義詞組at the back ofeg. There are some tall tree

10、s _ the building. The teacher is sitting _ the classroom.(5) . under，below under與over相反，表示指“在-垂直下方”。below與above相反，指“在下面”，指某物位置低于另一物。 注意：below也可指“溫度低于-” eg：Our boat went under the bridge There is a small town below the hill. EX：The temperature will fall_ zero in the night again. Can I join Oxfam Trai

11、lwalker? Only if you are _ eighteen.(6).among和betweenamong(通常用于三個或三個以上)的中間，among后的名詞或代詞必須是復數，between用于(二者之間)，且“兩者”常用and連接。 eg. There is a village among the hills/ Tom is the tallest among these students. Kate sits between Lucy and Lily.III. 其他介詞的辨析(1) .表示方式、手段、工具等介詞by，with，in“表示用“方法、手段”使用by。 eg：We g

12、o to school by bike every day. / I live by teaching. 表示“用工具”的用with。 eg：We write with pens (or pencils). / He cut the apple in half with a knife. 表示“用語言” 用in。 eg：He can write a letter in English now.EX. I improve my English _reading aloud in the morning .(2). besides、except和but . besides意思是“除之外(還有-)”

13、。 eg. They all went there besides Tom Besides English we also learn Chinese, French and Japanese. except意思是“除之外(在整體中除去一部分)”。 eg. We all went the Great Wall except Tom The students go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday. but意思是“除之外(在整體中除去一部分)”，它與except的區別是：but常放在不定代詞之后；而except沒不是。but的問題：用介

14、詞but引出另一個動詞時,要注意：如果前面有do,后面就用原形動詞,前面沒有do時,后面的動詞要加to。EX. I could do nothing but _(wait). They had no choice(選擇) but _(fight).eg. I have nothing but a million pound note.EX. Mr Lin gave the textbooks to all the students _the ones who had already taken them. (2009無錫)(3) . 表示方向的介詞 A be/lie in the north

15、of B. A在B的北部。前者從屬于后者。 A be/lie on the north of B. A在B的北方。兩地接壤。 A be/lie to the north of B.A be north of B.可以省略to the。兩者不接壤EX. north of the zoo there are some giraffes. And south of the giraffes there are some lions. Shanghai lies _ the east of China and _the northeast of Guangdong.(4) . as與likeas 為連

16、詞，后接一個句子; like 為介詞，后面只能接名詞、代詞賓格或動名詞作賓語。eg. We must study hard _Leifeng did Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures _ a camera. IV. 介詞的固定搭配 介詞往往同其他詞類形成了固定搭配關系。記住這種固定搭配關系，才能正確使用介詞。1介詞與動詞的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, thi

17、nk of, look after, spendon,get on (well) with, argue with.about.等。2介詞與名詞的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end, on a bike(=by bike), with the help of或with ones help，beyond hope，in public，under arrest，on business3介詞與形容詞

18、的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for, be strict with.in.等EX. ( ) Are you going to the station _bus or _my car? A. on ; by B. by ; in C. on ; in D. in ; by ( ) _my mothers help, I succeeded in finishing the work. A. Under B. On C. With D.

19、 In【中考題專項練習】( ) 1. Dont drive so fast! We must slow down when we drive the tunnel. (2012江蘇無錫) A. past B. across C. over D. Through( ) 2.Can I join Oxfam Trailwalker? Only if you are _ eighteen. 【2011連云港】 A. over B. on C. under D. below( ) 3. She had to sell the house even though it was _ her own wis

20、hes. 【2011浙江杭州】 A. aboveB. onC. againstD. for( ) 4.What do you often do _ classes to relax yourself? 【2008安徽中考】 Listen to music.A. over B. among C. between D. through ( ) 5. On the way _ the mountain village, we found the local houses different from ours. 【2012江蘇淮安】 A. toB. byC. atD. on( ) 6.Jack, i

21、s maths difficult to learn in high school? 【2012江蘇連云港】 Sure. No subject can be learned well hard work. A. without B. through C. by D. with( ) 7. A YOG volunteer team mostly university and middle school students. They will mainly provide languages voluntary services. 【2012江蘇南京】 A. consists of B. belo

22、ngs to C. thinks of D. leads to ( ) 8. My father has a habit of jogging _the Jinchuan River for an hour in the morning .【2012江蘇南京】 A. between B. along C. over D. through( ) 9. Yesterday I downloaded a new program _the Internet. Now I can watch TV and movies _ my computer. 【2012江蘇蘇州】 A. from；on B. wi

23、th；in C, in；with D. on；from( ) 10. Dont drive so fast! We must slow down when we drive _the tunnel. 【2012江蘇無錫】 A. pastB. acrossC. overD. through( ) 11. The charity walk begins _ 9.00 a. m. Dont be late. No problem.【2012江蘇宿遷】 A. in B. at C. on D. to( ) 12. The 30th London Olympic Games will begin _ 2

24、7th July 2012. 【2012江蘇徐州】 A. in B. on C. at D. for( ) 13.Jack, you seem to be _ . 【2012江蘇鹽城】 Yes. Its 8:20 now and my train leaves in ten minutes. A. in a hurryB. in fearC. in safetyD. in silence( ) 14. The 2012 London Olympic Games will soon start _ the coming July. 【2012江蘇鎮江】 A. on B. in C. at D.

25、to( ) 15. Remember to spend some time_ your loved ones,because they are not going to be around forever. A.from B.with C. in D.on( )16. Jack, you seem to be _Yes. Its 820 now and my train leaves in ten minute. A. in a hurry B. in fear C. in safety D. in silence（2） . 數詞的用法I.、分類：數詞有基數詞和序數詞兩種。英語的數詞可以作句子

26、的主語、賓語、表語和定語。基數詞表數目: 1-12單獨記，13-19加teen注意15和18，整十加ty注意40，50，80，注意：幾十幾之間連練字符號“-”，百和十之間加and1. 基數詞的特殊用法：1表示“幾十年代”或“幾十歲”時，用逢十的基數詞的復數形式。如：in the 1990s 20世紀90年代 in ones twenties在某人20多歲時2用在習語中。如：in twos and threes三三兩兩地2. 序數詞的特殊用法：序數詞的前面一般必須加the，但以下情況不用：表“又一”時，如：There are three flowers, but she wants a four

27、th one.序數詞前有形容詞性物主代詞時，如：This is my fifteenth birthday.序數詞作表語時，如：Who was first in the high jump? He is always the first one to come to the school. I am the second one to get up in my family.3. 分數和百分數(1). 分數1 分數的分子用基數詞，分母用序數詞。 如：one fifth 1/52 當分子大于1時，分母用序數詞的復數。如：five eighths 5/83 當分子是1時，可以用one也可以用a.

28、如：a second = one second 1/24 當分母是2和4時，分別可以用half和quarter代替。如：a half 1/2 three quarters3/4(2). 百分數：百分數用percent表示。如：forty percent 40%4.倍數的表示法(1). 表示“幾倍大小長短；數量”，由“倍數+ the sizelength，amount”結構組成。如：The earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon. (2). 表示“比大幾倍”，由“倍數+形容詞副詞比較級+ than +被比較部分”結構組成。如：This box

29、 is three times bigger than that one. (3). 表示“是倍”，由“倍數+ as +形容詞原級+ as +被比較部分”結構組成。如：Our factory is twice as big as theirs. 5.時間的表示法： 2：24 two twenty-four 12:46 twelve forty-six(1): 最簡單的表示法是直接讀：(2)：分鐘數小于或等于30的，表示法是分鐘數past鐘點數： 2：11 eleven past two 4:22 twenty-two past four 10：29 twenty-nine -past ten

30、(3)：分鐘數大于30的，表示法是60-分鐘數to鐘點數+1: 3:30 half past three 6:35 twenty-five to seventy (4)：15分鐘可以用a quarter表示，15分鐘的整數倍用quarter的復數表示: 5:15 a quarter past five 12：45 a quarter to one II. 基數詞“八注意”。一基數詞的讀法。注意：1，000以上數目的讀法：自右向左每三位劃一個分節“，”，第一個分節讀thousand, 第二個分節讀million, 第三個分節讀billion或thousand million ，且hundred,

31、 thousand, million等用單數形式。注意，百位數hundred與十位數(或個位數)之間要用and連接。十位數與個位數之間要用連字符號“-”，如：52，368讀作：fifty-two thousand, three hundred and sixty-eight.挑戰中考：( )1. How long is the new bridge? Do you know ? -Yes. Its about _. (05濟南市課改區) A. one thousand one hundred and eighty meters B. one thousand and one hundred f

32、ifty meters C. two thousands one hundred forty meters D. two thousands seventy and three meters ( )2. There are _ days in a year. (07貴州畢節地區) A. three hundred and sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty five C. three hundred sixty-five D. three hundreds and sixty- five（2） 基數詞表計量。注意：基數詞表計量大于1時，它所修飾的名詞要用

33、復數形式。如: two bottles of water (兩瓶水); three boxes of apples(三箱蘋果)。挑戰中考：( )3. Ive read _ sports news about the F1 race today. A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of ( )4. Can I help you? Id like _for my twin daughters. A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe B. two pair of shoe D. two pairs

34、of shoes(三基數詞表番號編號。注意：編號的事物如果數字較大，一般用基數詞表達，且放在編號的事物名詞之后。如：No.102 Middle School 102中學；Room 206 206房間 如果編號的事物數字不大，用序數詞表達，但它應放在編號名詞之前。如：the first lesson (第一課) 挑戰中考：( )5. Jack is now in _. A. the three grade B. Grade Third C. Grade Three ( )6. Now children, turn to page _and look at the _ picture in Les

35、son Two. A. twentieth; one B. twenty; one C. twentieth; first D. twenty; first (四基數詞表時刻。注意：英語時刻表達法有兩種：一種是直接讀數字，先說鐘點數，后說分鐘數：另一種是先說分鐘數，后說鐘點數，中間要用past或to連接。即：130分鐘含30分鐘用“分鐘數+past+鐘點數”；3159分鐘用“60-分鐘數+to +下一個鐘點數”。如：4:20 four twenty或 twenty past four 5:45 five fifteen或 fifteen to six或 a quarter to six中考演練

36、：( )7. -It 9:45. Yes, Its _. A. fifteen from ten B. a quarter to ten B. fifteen past nine D. a quarter past ten五基數詞復數表歲數或年代。注意：表示“幾十”的基數詞的復數形式，可用來表示某人的大概歲數或年代。如：My uncle went to England in his twenties. These eggs were found in the Gobi Desert by a group of scientists in the 1920s.挑戰中考：( )8.During W

37、orld War, a Jewish猶太的lady was protected by a local family in Shanghai in her _. A. fifties B. fifty C. fiftieth D. the fiftieth 六含基數詞的復合形容詞。注意：“基數詞+名詞+形容詞”構成的復合形容詞作定語時，其中的名詞用單數形式。如：two-week holiday 兩周的假 ； an eighteen-metre-wide street 一條18米寬的街道 但注意它與名詞所有格形式作定語的區別。如：How far is it from your home to yo

38、ur school? Its about ten minutes walk. 挑戰中考：( )9. Bill said they would have _ holiday. A. a two-month B. two months C. two-months D. two months ( )10. Tim is _ boy. He can say a few words. A. an one-year-old B. a one-year-old C. an one-year old D. a one-year old七基數詞與“多少又一半”的表達。注意：“多少又一半”的表達有種方法：一種是“

39、數詞+n.(單數或復數)+and a half”；另一種是“數詞+and a half +n.復數”。如：“兩個半月”可譯為：two months and a half或two and a half months 中考演練： ( )11. I spent _ in doing my homework yesterday. A. a half and two hour B. two and a half hour C. two hour and a half D. two and a half hours（8） hundred, thousand, million等表示大約數與確切數的區別。注意

40、：基數詞表示具體數目時，hundred, thousand, million用單數形式。但在表示“數百”、“數千”、“數百萬”等不確切數目時，hundred, thousand, million要用復數形式，且后接“of +名詞復數”。如：There are nine hundred and forty-seven students in our school. Thousands of students come to visit the Museum of Natural History every year. 挑戰中考： 12. Nanjing is a city with many p

41、laces of interest. _ tourists come here every year. A. Thousand of B. Thousand C. Thousands D. Thousands of (06南京市) ( )13. How many people are there in Changsha? -About six _. (07長沙市初中畢業會考) A. million B. millions C. millions of ( )14.How many people will come to Beijing for the Olympic Games in 2008

42、? -Its hard to say. _ people, I think. ( 06福州市) A. Million of B. Millions of C. Two millions of D. Two million ofIII、序數詞“三注意”。(一序數詞的構成及基本用法。注意：序數詞一般以與之相應的基數詞后加-th 構成，少數幾個需特別記憶。為方便大家記憶，請看下面口訣。基變序，有規律，first, second, third要牢記；其它變化有公式，基數詞尾加-th;eight去t , nine去e； 從twenty, thirty到ninety, 需變y為ie； five和twelv

43、e, 需將ve變f; 假設是遇到“幾十幾”，只變個位就可以。序數詞：one-first ; two-second; three-third; five-fifth; eight-eighth; nine-ninth; twelve-twelfth; twenty-twentieth; twenty-one-twenty-first另外，注意：序數詞前要加定冠詞the, 在句中作定語放在所修飾的名詞前。如：December is the twelfth month of the year. 十二月是一年中的第12個月。挑戰中考：( )15. Thursday is the _ day of th

44、e week. (five) ( 用所給詞的適當形式填空) ( )16. He believed his lucky number was ten, so he decided to live on the _ floor. A. lowest B. ten C. tenth ( )17. I have made _ dumplings. Now Im making the _ one. A. twenty; twentieth-first B. twenty; twenty-first C. twentieth; twenty-first D. twenty; twenty-one 二序數詞

45、與冠詞a/an連用。注意：序數詞前加不定冠詞a/an, 表示“又一”、“再一”的意思。如：Please try it a second time. 請再試一試。 但基數詞與more連用，并放在more前，表示“另外有”、“還有”的意思。如：Ill take one more (=another) pencil. 我還要一支鉛筆。We ve just started！ There were twenty more trees to be planted！ 我們才剛開始呢！還有20棵樹要栽呢！ 挑戰中考：( )18.Time is not enough for so much work. _ pe

46、ople are needed, I think. A. Other two B. Only two C. Two more D. Two others ( )19. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _ one. A. three B. third C. forth D. 不填 三分數的表達法。注意：分數以基數詞和序數詞合成的。分子用基數表示，分母用序數詞表示，分子大于1，分母要用復數-s。如：1/3(三分之一) ：one third 2/3 :two thirds 挑戰中考： ( )20. This is a big cl

47、ass, and _ of the students are girls. A. two third B. second three C. two thirds D. two three( )21. Whats one fourth and a half , do you know? -Yes, its _. A. two sixths B. three fourths C. one three D. three sixths各地歷年中考數詞的考查1.About _ the fans are waiting here. They want to see the great singer。【20

48、09河南】A. two thousand of B.two thousand C.thousand of D.two thousands of2.The volunteers sent books to a mountain village school on Childrens Day. 【2012江蘇連云港】 A. two hundreds of B. two hundred of C. two hundreds D. two hundred3. The chairperson received about three _ applications to join the Bird watching Club. 【2012江蘇蘇州】A. hundred B. hundreds of C. hundred of D. hundreds4. The action film has attracted millions of young people to the cinema. 【2012江蘇無錫】A. 130-minuteB. 130-m