1、tunnel tunnel1 / ttunnel1 / tnl / nnl / n. .port / prt / nin port: Well have to spend 10 days in port for repairs.ventilate / ventl,eventilate / ventl,et / verb t / verb well-ventilated well-ventilated 通風(fēng)良好的通風(fēng)良好的p o o r - v e n t i l a t e d p o o r - v e n t i l a t e d 通 風(fēng) 差 的通 風(fēng) 差 的chimney chimne

2、y / chimney / ttmni / nmni / n. .sea level sea ,level sea ,level noun noun uncountuncountThe sea level is rising because of The sea level is rising because of the greenhouse effect.the greenhouse effect.double double / ddouble / dbl / bl / adjadj. .consisting of two consisting of two things or parts

3、 of things or parts of t h e s a m e t y p e :t h e s a m e t y p e :fear/ ffear/ fr / r / v.v.fear that.fear that.fear to do sthfear to do sthinvasion / / nvenven / n / 入侵the the German invasionGerman invasion European European1 European1 / ,j/ ,jr rpipin / n / adjectiveadjective歐洲的，歐洲人的，歐盟continen

4、t / knt / kntn nnt / n nt / n 大陸大陸AsiaAsiaAfricaAfricaEuropeEuropeOceaniaOceaniaAmericaAmericaAntarcticaAntarcticaLesson 64 Lesson 64 The channel The channel tunneltunnel1. In 1858, a French engineer, Aim Thom 1. In 1858, a French engineer, Aim Thom de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan de Gamon

5、d, arrived in England with a plan for a twentyfor a twentyoneonemile tunnel under the mile tunnel under the E n g l i s h C h a n n e l .E n g l i s h C h a n n e l . twentyonemile作 tunnel的修飾語(yǔ)，注意 mile為單數(shù)。plan for +名詞動(dòng)名詞表示“的計(jì)劃”： They always make plans for their holidays, but, in the end, they always

6、stay at home. He came with a plan for (building) a bridge over the river. 2 2. This platform would serve as a port and . This platform would serve as a port and a r a i l w a y s t a t i o n . a r a i l w a y s t a t i o n . s e r v e a s ， 充 當(dāng) ， 起 的 作 用 。 The books on the floor may serve as/ for a

7、carpet. This sofa can serve as/ for (a) bed. 3. The tunnel would be wellventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level. if 引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句，由于主時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去，所以相應(yīng)的，主句從句時(shí)態(tài)也發(fā)生了變化。主將 主過(guò)將從現(xiàn) 從過(guò)e.g. When I was young, I thought if I had a lot o f m o n e y , I w o u l d g o a b r o a d 4. In 1860, a better plan was

8、 put forward by an Englishman, William Low. put forwardput forward為固定短語(yǔ)，可分開(kāi)用，其含義之為固定短語(yǔ)，可分開(kāi)用，其含義之一 是一 是 “ 提 出 （ 計(jì) 劃 、 建 議 等提 出 （ 計(jì) 劃 、 建 議 等 ） ” ： You know they wouldnt accept your plan. You know they wouldnt accept your plan. W h y d i d y o u p u t i t f o r w a r d ? W h y d i d y o u p u t i t f

9、o r w a r d ? Has he put forward any suggestion? Has he put forward any suggestion? 5. He suggested that a double railway t u n n e l s h o u l d b e b u i l t. suggest 表示 “ 建議，提出” 時(shí)有兩種句型： a) suggest sth. ( to sb.) 或 suggest doing sth. （ 向 某 人 ） 建 議 某 事 ， 建 議 干 某 事 ： H e s u g g e s t e d a d i f f

10、e r e n t p l a n . He suggested doing it in a different way. b) suggest that someone (should ) do something / that something ( should ) be done 建議某人干某事 / 建議干某事： I suggest that we should go home immediately. He suggested that the doctor should be called in. 6. This would solve the problem of ventila

11、tion, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. d r a w i n ( = t a k e i n ) 吸 入 、 吸 進(jìn) 7 7. . If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. 這是英語(yǔ)中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣所表述的不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而只是一種假設(shè)或愿望，常伴有if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句。以上的這句話是對(duì)大戰(zhàn)期間所發(fā)生的事情的一種假設(shè)，而這種假設(shè)與事實(shí)不符。因此

12、，在條件句中要用過(guò)去完成時(shí) had not feared，而主句中則要用 would + have + 過(guò)去分詞。 E.g. I got up late this morning, so I missed the train. If I had not got up late, I wouldnt have missed the train1 1 0 0 . I t w a s o f f i c i a l l y o p e n e d o n . I t w a s o f f i c i a l l y o p e n e d o n March7,1994,finally conne

13、cting Britain to March7,1994,finally connecting Britain to t h e E u r o p e a n c o n t i n e n tt h e E u r o p e a n c o n t i n e n t現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 connecting connecting 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句。引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句。connectconnect表示表示“連接連接”、“連結(jié)連結(jié)”，可與，可與toto或或withwith連用：連用： This road connects the willage with/to Londo

14、n. This road connects the willage with/to London. The lake and the canal are connected by a river. The lake and the canal are connected by a river. 語(yǔ)法講解語(yǔ)氣：語(yǔ)氣：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。1 1：陳述語(yǔ)氣：用來(lái)表示所說(shuō)的話是事實(shí)或：陳述語(yǔ)氣：用來(lái)表示所說(shuō)的話是事實(shí)或者提出疑問(wèn)，廣泛用于陳述句，疑問(wèn)句和者提出疑問(wèn)，廣泛用于陳述句，疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句。感嘆句。2 2：祈使語(yǔ)氣：

15、表示所說(shuō)的話是請(qǐng)求，命令，：祈使語(yǔ)氣：表示所說(shuō)的話是請(qǐng)求，命令，指示或者勸告。指示或者勸告。虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣：虛擬語(yǔ)氣：1.1.表示所說(shuō)的話表示所說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，不是事實(shí)，而是一種而是一種假設(shè)，猜測(cè)，懷疑等。（在條件從句或者讓步狀假設(shè)，猜測(cè)，懷疑等。（在條件從句或者讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中）語(yǔ)從句中）2 2：一種表示說(shuō)話人的愿望，要求，命令，建議：一種表示說(shuō)話人的愿望，要求，命令，建議等（在賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句）等（在賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種。條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種。真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句所表的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生

16、和實(shí)現(xiàn)的，是所表的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生和實(shí)現(xiàn)的，是與實(shí)施相符的。與實(shí)施相符的。E.g. if it is fine tomorrow, I will go E.g. if it is fine tomorrow, I will go to visit my grandpa.to visit my grandpa.非真實(shí)條件句非真實(shí)條件句所表達(dá)的假設(shè)則不可能或不大可能所表達(dá)的假設(shè)則不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，與事實(shí)相反的情況。發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，與事實(shí)相反的情況。If I were If I were a bird, I would fly to America.a bird, I would fly t

17、o America.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中1 1 與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反If I If I wonwon the lottery, I the lottery, I would buywould buy an an expensive car.expensive car.2 2 與與過(guò)去過(guò)去事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反If he If he had drivenhad driven more carefully, he more carefully, he would not have hadwould not have had the car accident the car accident

18、yesterday.yesterday.If I If I werewere you, I you, I would givewould give your your sister a hug.sister a hug.If I If I had takenhad taken your advice, I your advice, I would would have have hadhad a better future a better future. .Suggest, demandSuggest, demand( (要求要求) ), order, propose, order, pro

19、pose（提（提議，建議）議，建議）, insist, insist（堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為），（堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為）， command command（命令）（命令） ,request ,request（要求）（要求）, , 后的賓語(yǔ)從句中：后的賓語(yǔ)從句中： （should)+should)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形。I suggest that we (should) set off at once.I suggest that we (should) set off at once.I demanded that he (should) answer me I demanded that he (should) ans

20、wer me immediately.immediately.1.The rice _ if you had been more careful. A. would not be burning B. would not burnC. would not have burnt D. would not burnt2.If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been ; would have prevented B. had been ; would prevent C. were ; would preventD. were ; would have prevented3.I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come4._ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. If it