1、UNIT 1Globalcitizenissomeone who identifieswithbeing partof anemerging world community and whose actions contribute to building thiscommunity'svaluesandpractices.Global citizenshipbelievesthathumankind is essentially on and each individual has the power to changethings. In our interdependent wor

2、ld, global citizenship encourages usto recognize our responsibilities toward each other and learn from eachother.Globalcitizenscareabouteducation,disease,poverty,andenvironmental issues around the world. Today,the forces of globalengagement are helpingsomepeopleidentifythemselves as global citizensw

3、ho have a sense of belonging to a world community. This growing globalidentityinlarge partismadepossibleby the forces of modern information,communicationsand transportationtechnologies.Globalcitizenshipaimsto empower people to leadtheirown action.Along with theknowledge andvalues that they have gain

4、ed from learning about global issues, peopleneed to be equipped with the necessary skills to give themselves the ability and confidence to be pro-active in making a positive difference in the world.世界公民是指一個人承認自己是新興的全球社區的一分子， 而且其行動對全球社區的價值打造和實踐活動有所貢獻。 世界公民相信人類從本質上來說是一個整體，每個人都有改變事物的能力。 在我們這樣一個相互依賴的世界中

5、， 世界公民意識鼓勵我們認識到對彼此的責任， 并從對方身上學習。 世界公民關心全球的教育、疾病、貧窮和環境問題。在當今，全球合作的力量在使一些人萌發世界公民的意識，讓他們擁有對全球社區的歸屬感。 這種不斷發展的世界公民意識在很大程度上來講， 要歸功于現代信息、 通信和交通技術的力量。 世界公民意識致力于給予人們力量， 讓他們付諸行動。 世界公民除了要從世界問題中學習知識和價值觀，還要擁有必需的技能，使他們擁有能力和自信，積極推動世界的發展。UNIT 2The American Dreamis a nationalethos( 精神特質 )oftheUnitedStates.The term i

6、sused inmany ways, butitessentiallyis an ideathatsuggeststhatanyone in theUS can succeed throughhard work and has thepotentialto lead a happy, successfullife.Manypeople have expanded upon or refinedthedefinitiontoincludethingssuchas freedom,fulfillmentandmeaningfulrelationships.The ideaof an America

7、n Dream isolderthan theUS, datingback to the 1600s, when peoplebegan tohave allsortsof hopesand aspirations for what was a new and largely unexplored continent toEuropean immigrants. And the meaning of the Dream has changed over thecourse of history,includingboth personalcomponents and a globalvisio

8、n.But not everybody thinks the American Dream is a positive thing. Somepeople believe that the structure of society in the US prevents such anidealisticgoalforeveryone.Criticsoftenpointtoexamples ofinequalityrootedinclass,race,religionand ethnicitythat suggest thatthe American Dream is not attainabl

9、e for everyone.美國夢是美利堅合眾國的民族精神， 該詞有各種各樣的用法， 但其根本含義是，在美國任何人都可以通過努力獲得成功，都有可能過上幸福而成功的生活。許多人對美國夢的概念加以拓展和提煉， 涵蓋了像自由、 自我實現和深厚的人際關系等方面的內容。美國夢的思想比美國本身更為久遠，可以追溯到 17 世紀，當時的歐洲移民面對這一新發現的、未經開發的廣袤大陸，開始紛紛懷揣希望，追逐夢想，隨著歷史的發展，美國夢的含義也已改變，既包含了個人元素，也包含了全局視野。 但并不是每個人都對美國夢持肯定態度。 一些人認為美國的社會結構決定了不是每個人都能擁有這樣的理想目標， 批評者常常舉以實例，

10、揭露植根于階級、種族、宗教 和民族的不平等現象， 指出美國夢并非每個人都可企及。UNIT 3LeonardodaVinci,oneofthegreatest mindsofthe ItalianRenaissance, is perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to havelived.Apainter,sculptor,architect,mathematician,engineer,andinventor, he is famous for a wide range of accomplishments. His naturalg

11、enius,whichcrossedmultipledisciplines,wonhimthetitleof"Renaissance Master". Leonardo is renowned primarily as a painter.Among his works, the Mona Lisa is the best known and The Last Supper themost reproduced religious painting of all time. What make Leonardo'sdrawingsunique are mainly

12、his innovative techniquesand acute scientificmind. Perhaps only 15 ofhis paintingshave survived,partlybecause hisconstantexperimentationwithnew techniques madehistotaloutputquitesmall.Althoughnot aprolific(多產的 )painter,Leonardowas amostproductive draftsman, keeping journals full of sketches, drawing

13、s, anddiagrams. These notebooks, often referred to as da Vinci's manuscripts,recordedhisinventions,observations,and theoriesabout everythingthatcaptured his attention. Leonard's genius made him a pioneer in almost every field of study he undertook. His paintings, together with his notebooks,

14、 have contributed significantly to the history of art.萊奧納多 ?達?芬奇是意大利文藝復興時期最偉大的思想家之一， 也許也是迄今最多才多藝的人。他是畫家、雕刻家、建筑家、數學家、工程師和發明家，因成就廣泛而聞名。 他的天賦跨越多個領域， 為其贏得了 “文藝復興大師” 的稱號。萊奧納多主要作為畫家而著名。在其所有作品中， 蒙娜·麗莎最為有名，而最后的晚餐 則是歷來復制最多的宗教畫作。 萊奧納多作品的獨特之處主要在于其創新性的技巧和敏銳的科學思維。他的畫作大約只有15 幅流傳了下來，其部分原因是他不斷試驗新的技巧，所以作品總量很小。

15、萊奧納多雖然不是多產畫家，卻是一位最高產的繪圖家，他在日記中畫滿了各種草圖、圖畫和圖表。這些筆記通常被稱為達?芬奇手稿，記錄了他的各種發明、 觀察，以及他對自己感興趣的事物提出的理論。萊奧納多的天賦使他幾乎在涉足的每一領域都成了先驅。他的畫作，連同他的筆記，在藝術史上貢獻斐然。UNIT 4Venice is the world's famous island city in northern Italy. Foundedin the 5th century, Venice became a major maritime power in the 10thcentury.In theMi

16、ddle Ages and the Renaissance,Venice was a major centerfor commerce and trade, and became an extremely wealthy European city,a leader in political and economic affairs. After several hundred yearsin power, Venice began to decline in the 15th century. Nowadays, it isregarded as one of the world's

17、 most beautiful cities and one of the mostimportanttouristdestinationsin theworld. Venice has a rich and diversearchitecturalstyle,themost famous of which istheGothicstyle.Veniceisalsoknown forseveralimportantartisticmovements inhistory,especiallytheRenaissanceperiod.The influenceofVeniceonthedevelo

18、pmentof architectureand artshas been considerable.Today, itisstillplayingan importantrole in contemporaryartsand popular cultures.In 1987,Venice was listedas a World HeritageSite.In March 1980, Venicebecame a sister city of China's Suzhou City.威尼斯是意大利北部一座世界聞名的島城。 威尼斯建立于公元 5 世紀，在公元 10 世紀時成為一支重要的海

19、上力量。在中世紀和文藝復興時期，威尼斯曾是重要的商貿中心，是當時歐洲極為富裕的城市， 在政治和經濟事務中居領導地位。幾百年的興盛之后，威尼斯在 15 世紀開始衰落，如今，威尼斯被公認為是全世界最美的城市之一， 也是全世界最重要的旅游勝地之一。 威尼斯的建筑風格豐富多樣，其中最出名的是哥特式風格， 威尼斯還因歷史上的幾次重要的藝術運動而聞名，特別是文藝復興時期。威尼斯對建筑和藝術的發展影響巨大。至今，威尼斯仍對現代藝術和流行文化的發展起著重要作用。 1987 年，威尼斯被列入世界遺產名錄。 1980 年 3 月，威尼斯與中國蘇州結為“友好城市”。UNIT 5The English ceremon

20、y of afternoon tea dates back to the 1840s. Thetradition evolved out of the rituals and routines that surrounded teadrinkinginBritainbeforethat time.Tea was firstintroduced toEnglandinthelate1650s,but fora long time,it was onlyconsumed by theroyalfamily and the aristocracy due to its high cost. The

21、habit of havingafternoon tea did not become established until almost 200 years later.In those days, the Britishate only two dailymeals:alargebreakfastlatein the morning and a late dinner around 8 o'clock in the evening. Anna,the 7th Duchess of Bedford, can be credited for creating the traditiono

22、fafternoonteato soothehunger pangs beforesupper. She invitedfriendstojoinherforan additionalafternoonmeal at fourto fiveo'clock.Themenu included tea and snacks such as dainty cakes and sandwiches. Fineporcelain( 瓷器 )was used to serve this minor feast. Afternoon tea soonbecame popular, and is now

23、 a symbol of the elegant British way of life.As novelistHenry James wrote,"Thereare few hours in lifemore agreeablethan the hour dedicated to the ceremony known as afternoon tea.英式下午茶的儀式可以追溯到 19 世紀 40 年代，該傳統是由之前英國的茶飲儀式和習慣發展而來的， 茶最初在 17 世紀 50 年代晚期被引入英國， 但由于價格昂貴，所以很長一段時間里， 只有皇家和貴族才能享用。 直到將近 200 多

24、年之后，英國人才養成吃下午茶的習慣。 在當時，英國人一日兩餐： 快接近中午時分的豐盛早餐和晚上八點左右的晚餐， 據說第七代貝德福德公爵夫人安娜開創了下午茶的傳統，以此來緩解晚餐前的饑餓感。 她邀請朋友和她一起在下午四五點鐘吃下午茶。下午茶中包括茶和一些點心， 比如精致的蛋糕及三明治。 這些小巧的美食用精美的瓷器盛裝， " 下午茶很快就流行開來，現在已經成為優雅英國生活方式的一個象征。正如小說家亨利 ?詹姆斯寫道的那樣：“人生鮮有比全心全意享用下午茶這一儀式更愜意的時刻了。”UNIT 6Homer s epics aresaidtobe writtenby an ancient Gre

25、ekblind poetHomer, who isreveredas thegreatestofancient Greek epicpoets. Theepics includetwo greatworks of Greek history:the Iliadand the Odyssey.The two epicsare theearliestworks ofGreek literature,andare amongthe greatest treasures of the ancient world, regarded by Westerners asthe greatest epics in history. They have had an enormous influence onthehistoryofliteratureand areof great