1、高考英語概括一、概括的要求：簡(jiǎn)潔明了，主題突出。概括可采用總分的形式，即第一句話是主題句，清楚明白地告訴了讀者文章的寫作目的（這句話舉足輕重），后面的句子對(duì)主題句進(jìn)行解釋和支撐，主題之外的內(nèi)容要毫不吝嗇地予以刪除。二、概括的方法：1、使用意義相同或相近的單詞、短語或句式，或使用不同的句子結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)同一意思，如改變語態(tài)、肯定變否定等，避免抄襲原文句子。2、議論性或論說文，概括時(shí)則要盡可能客觀簡(jiǎn)要地轉(zhuǎn)述閱讀材料的觀點(diǎn)。 概括對(duì)方觀點(diǎn)首先是要轉(zhuǎn)換視角，即以“第三人稱”或“無人稱”來概括。3、如果給的閱讀材料是一則故事，應(yīng)該用最簡(jiǎn)練的語言來說明故事講述了什么，不能拖泥帶水講細(xì)節(jié)，而且最好講出故事給你的啟

2、示或其中的一個(gè)道理。4、如果是說明性或描述性短文，就必須用概括性的文字說明一現(xiàn)象。三、概括的寫作步驟：1、尋找關(guān)鍵詞。文章的關(guān)鍵詞可結(jié)合“寫”的任務(wù)中的“就”主題發(fā)表自己的看法的要求來確定。如，要求你“以約120詞談?wù)勀憷硐氲拇髮W(xué)生活”，那么所閱讀的文章的主題詞就應(yīng)是“college/university life”。2、確定主題句。文章的主題句首先可通過所給閱讀材料的標(biāo)題來確定,閱讀材料的標(biāo)題即是文章的論點(diǎn)或主題句。沒有標(biāo)題的文章，我們就尤應(yīng)注意議論文、夾敘夾論文和說明文的第一段（總起段）和最后一段（總結(jié)段），或每一段的第一句或第二句（總起句）和最后一句（總結(jié)句）。沒有主題句的需要自己組合。

3、3、重構(gòu)主題句。概括的主題句要?dú)w納總結(jié)性強(qiáng)，能涵蓋后面所有的支撐句的內(nèi)容。4、重組支撐句。支撐句的意義在邏輯上受制于主題句，可以是補(bǔ)充過程或者提供證據(jù)。四、概括的形式：“主題句+支撐句” 即“主題+主題的什么”。文體 主題句 支撐句 議論文 文章論點(diǎn)（一句） 文章論據(jù)（兩三句） 記敘文 故事的寫作目的/ 主題（一句） 故事大意（兩三句） 說明文 說明的對(duì)象/ 觀點(diǎn)/ 現(xiàn)象 解釋/ 分述 五、概括的常用句式：記述文： “主題+故事簡(jiǎn)述”，其主要句型為：The story tells /emphasizes /focuses on the importance/ necessicities / a

4、dvantages, disadvantages, reasons, ways, ideas, 議論文： “主題/論點(diǎn)+論據(jù)”，其主要句型為：論點(diǎn)/主題：The article mainly conveys the idea /discusses the problem/ reasons/ways/ideas, importance/effect/focuses on the idea/ tells us the fact that 論據(jù)：For example, /such as說明文：“主題+解釋/分述”，其主要句型為：主題：This article points out/ talks a

5、bout/tells about the common phenomenon that 解釋/分述：for example,寫作內(nèi)容學(xué)校最近組織了一次中美學(xué)生交流活動(dòng)，你參加其中的“大學(xué)校園生活”討論。聽完Mike的發(fā)言之后，你準(zhǔn)備寫一份發(fā)言稿，題目是“Preparing Myself for College Life”, 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)包括：1. 以約30個(gè)詞概括Mike的發(fā)言要點(diǎn)；2然后以約120個(gè)詞談?wù)勀憷硐氲拇髮W(xué)生活，內(nèi)容包括：(1) 對(duì)中學(xué)生活的感受；(2) 理想的大學(xué)生活；(3) 中學(xué)生活和大學(xué)生活的差別，以及你打算如何適應(yīng)。因?yàn)閷懽鲀?nèi)容中已規(guī)定了你將進(jìn)行的演講的標(biāo)題 “Preparin

6、g Myself for College Life”， 而且還要求以120個(gè)詞談?wù)勀憷硐氲拇髮W(xué)生活，所以，毫無疑問，此閱讀材料的關(guān)鍵詞為“College Life”。而此閱讀材料主要表述Mike對(duì)大學(xué)生的看法或認(rèn)識(shí)，是一篇夾敘夾議型的發(fā)言稿。此發(fā)言稿共有三段，其中，第一段講述了適應(yīng)大學(xué)生活的困難，第二段則闡述了適應(yīng)期過后大學(xué)生活的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在第三段中Mike對(duì)大學(xué)生活提出了一個(gè)建議。而且，我們不難從文中找到主題句：第一段：The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment.第二段：Once that first semester

7、was over and I got used to the college life, I loved it.第三段：One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. 找到主題句后，我們所要做的就是用自己的語言將這些每段話的主題句串聯(lián)成文，從而我們得出如下概括：In his talk, Mike talks about how hard it was for him to adjust to college life and that he finds college life interesting af

8、ter his tough adjustment. Also, he advises college students to be active on campus. (37 words) 解讀“讀寫任務(wù)”的概括技巧 來源：08-09學(xué)年度第一期 作者：清遠(yuǎn)市華僑中學(xué) 何燕萍 2008-11-06 一、概括的要求：簡(jiǎn)潔明了，主題突出。概括可采用總分的形式，即第一句話是主題句，清楚明白地告訴了讀者文章的寫作目的（這句話舉足輕重），后面的句子對(duì)主題句進(jìn)行解釋和支撐，主題之外的內(nèi)容要毫不吝嗇地予以刪除。二、概括的方法：1、使用意義相同或相近的單詞、短語或句式，或使用不同的句子結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)同一意思，如改變

9、語態(tài)、肯定變否定等，避免抄襲原文句子。2、議論性或論說文，概括時(shí)則要盡可能客觀簡(jiǎn)要地轉(zhuǎn)述閱讀材料的觀點(diǎn)。 概括對(duì)方觀點(diǎn)首先是要轉(zhuǎn)換視角，即以“第三人稱”或“無人稱”來概括。3、如果給的閱讀材料是一則故事，應(yīng)該用最簡(jiǎn)練的語言來說明故事講述了什么，不能拖泥帶水講細(xì)節(jié)，而且最好講出故事給你的啟示或其中的一個(gè)道理。4、如果是說明性或描述性短文，就必須用概括性的文字說明一現(xiàn)象。三、概括的寫作步驟：1、尋找關(guān)鍵詞。文章的關(guān)鍵詞可結(jié)合“寫”的任務(wù)中的“就”主題發(fā)表自己的看法的要求來確定。如，要求你“以約120詞談?wù)勀憷硐氲拇髮W(xué)生活”，那么所閱讀的文章的主題詞就應(yīng)是“college/university li

10、fe”。2、確定主題句。文章的主題句首先可通過所給閱讀材料的標(biāo)題來確定,閱讀材料的標(biāo)題即是文章的論點(diǎn)或主題句。沒有標(biāo)題的文章，我們就尤應(yīng)注意議論文、夾敘夾論文和說明文的第一段（總起段）和最后一段（總結(jié)段），或每一段的第一句或第二句（總起句）和最后一句（總結(jié)句）。沒有主題句的需要自己組合。3、重構(gòu)主題句。概括的主題句要?dú)w納總結(jié)性強(qiáng)，能涵蓋后面所有的支撐句的內(nèi)容。4、重組支撐句。支撐句的意義在邏輯上受制于主題句，可以是補(bǔ)充過程或者提供證據(jù)。四、概括的形式：“主題句+支撐句” 即“主題+主題的什么”。文體 主題句 支撐句 議論文 文章論點(diǎn)（一句） 文章論據(jù)（兩三句） 記敘文 故事的寫作目的/ 主題（

11、一句） 故事大意（兩三句） 說明文 說明的對(duì)象/ 觀點(diǎn)/ 現(xiàn)象 解釋/ 分述 五、概括的常用句式：記述文： “主題+故事簡(jiǎn)述”，其主要句型為：The story tells /emphasizes /focuses on the importance/ necessicities / advantages, disadvantages, reasons, ways, ideas, 議論文： “主題/論點(diǎn)+論據(jù)”，其主要句型為：論點(diǎn)/主題：The article mainly conveys the idea /discusses the problem/ reasons/ways/ideas,

12、 importance/effect/focuses on the idea/ tells us the fact that 論據(jù)：For example, /such as說明文：“主題+解釋/分述”，其主要句型為：主題：This article points out/ talks about/tells about the common phenomenon that 解釋/分述：for example,下面以2008年廣東卷為例：閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my first year of

13、 college. The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment. I went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I need to know some basic life skills, such as balancing a check-book, laundry, and the things you have t

14、o be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick.Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I loved it good facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library. The Students Union organized various

15、 parties every week. I also go to cinemas and concerts, and often spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs.One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on the dance team in college and met a ton of people that wayit was so much easier to make friends when you had a common

16、 ground.寫作內(nèi)容學(xué)校最近組織了一次中美學(xué)生交流活動(dòng)，你參加其中的“大學(xué)校園生活”討論。聽完Mike的發(fā)言之后，你準(zhǔn)備寫一份發(fā)言稿，題目是“Preparing Myself for College Life”, 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)包括：1. 以約30個(gè)詞概括Mike的發(fā)言要點(diǎn)；2然后以約120個(gè)詞談?wù)勀憷硐氲拇髮W(xué)生活，內(nèi)容包括：(1) 對(duì)中學(xué)生活的感受；(2) 理想的大學(xué)生活；(3) 中學(xué)生活和大學(xué)生活的差別，以及你打算如何適應(yīng)。因?yàn)閷懽鲀?nèi)容中已規(guī)定了你將進(jìn)行的演講的標(biāo)題 “Preparing Myself for College Life”， 而且還要求以120個(gè)詞談?wù)勀憷硐氲拇髮W(xué)生活，所以，毫

17、無疑問，此閱讀材料的關(guān)鍵詞為“College Life”。而此閱讀材料主要表述Mike對(duì)大學(xué)生的看法或認(rèn)識(shí)，是一篇夾敘夾議型的發(fā)言稿。此發(fā)言稿共有三段，其中，第一段講述了適應(yīng)大學(xué)生活的困難，第二段則闡述了適應(yīng)期過后大學(xué)生活的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在第三段中Mike對(duì)大學(xué)生活提出了一個(gè)建議。而且，我們不難從文中找到主題句：第一段：The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment.第二段：Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I loved i

18、t.第三段：One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. 找到主題句后，我們所要做的就是用自己的語言將這些每段話的主題句串聯(lián)成文，從而我們得出如下概括：In his talk, Mike talks about how hard it was for him to adjust to college life and that he finds college life interesting after his tough adjustment. Also, he advises college stu

19、dents to be active on campus. (37 words) 在“讀寫任務(wù)”中指導(dǎo)學(xué)生如何概括大意讀寫任務(wù)屬于具有一定開放性的寫作命題，它要求學(xué)生先通讀一篇短文，然后用30字左右概述短文的大意，再按要求進(jìn)行作文。不少學(xué)生在概括短文大意這一環(huán)節(jié)就覺得難以下筆，據(jù)了解，困難之處包括：（1）縮不短；（2）抓不住重點(diǎn)；（3）不知道哪些內(nèi)容該刪減；（4）概括不全面。針對(duì)以上問題，第一步，我先向?qū)W生介紹概括大意常用到的幾種方法：1. 綜合歸納法 如寫事的文章。記敘文一般包含有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事件(主要經(jīng)過）四要素。找出文中的四要素，并合理組織它們，這就是主要內(nèi)容。 (如果有故事的啟示

20、，要再加這一要素。）2. 段意歸并法把每段的段意分主次連起來，就是文章的主要內(nèi)容。 3. 抓重點(diǎn)詞句（中心句、中心段或過渡段）有些文章結(jié)構(gòu)上的總起句、過渡句、總結(jié)句或內(nèi)容上的中心句結(jié)合起來就是文章的主要內(nèi)容。 4. 取主舍次法即重點(diǎn)歸納法有時(shí)一篇文章，其重點(diǎn)部分十分突出，而全文的主要內(nèi)容就在其中。因此，只要抓住這個(gè)重點(diǎn)部分的段落大意，再加上一些必要的補(bǔ)充交代，全文的主要內(nèi)容就歸納出來了。 第二步，在以上四種方法中確定一種方法，通過不同難度和不同體裁的文章，讓學(xué)生熟練掌握方法的技巧，做到歸納準(zhǔn)確全面。我選定了“段意歸并法”，因?yàn)楦咧袑W(xué)生接觸的英語文章多數(shù)層次較分明，各段意思較獨(dú)立。 文章（一）如

21、下，這篇文章在語言理解方面難度較低，可以使學(xué)生集中注意力于大意的揣摸上。Learning to study is not difficult. The first thing to remember is that you must be willing to learn. It doesnt mean that you must always like the subject. It does mean, however, that you must be willing to learn whatever is necessary. Try to understand why it is

22、important and how it will help you now and later. Knowing mathematical facts will be useful in your whole life. Knowing how to spell words makes any kind of writing easier. Sometimes the subject that you think is going to be uninteresting will be attractive when you begin to work on it. Learning thi

23、ngs can be fun if you can try your best.Heres some advice for you. Have a certain time each day and a quiet place with good lighting for study, so that you can concentrate on your study without interruptions. Have everything ready before you sit down to study, a dictionary, paper, a pen and books. B

24、e sure you understand what you should learn before you start. Read carefully and pay special attention to the most important things. When memorizing, find out the main parts and then recite the whole thing. Check your homework after you finish it. Never forget the importance of review and preview.該短

25、文分為兩個(gè)自然段，第一段的第一個(gè)句子提出觀點(diǎn)：Learning to study is not difficult. 第一段的其余部分都是在闡述分析該觀點(diǎn)的前提條件。于是，在這一部分提煉主要意思并用"if"連接起來就是第一自然段的段落大意：The writer tells us that learning to study is not difficult if we are willing to learn and enjoy it. 第二段非常明顯，第一個(gè)句子即是本段的主題句。其余部分是具體內(nèi)容，應(yīng)刪減。但應(yīng)提醒學(xué)生不可照搬，應(yīng)該用自己的語言換一種說法，如：He als

26、o gives us advice on how to learn well.然后把兩個(gè)自然段的大意歸并一起，得出短文的大意：The writer tells us that learning to study is not difficult if we are willing to learn and enjoy it. He also gives us advice on how to learn well.最后，在概括準(zhǔn)確、全面的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上，讓學(xué)生互相交流，感受多種表達(dá)，比如：In the authors opinion, if you are willing to learn and t

27、ry your best, youll find learning not difficult but fun. And some suggestions are put forward to help us to learn well.接下來，以相同的閱讀、分析、思考、概括（分段概括后合并）的過程讓學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)如何概括語言理解程度深一點(diǎn)的文章，如以下選擇的文章（二） Many people go to school for an education. They learn languages, history, geography, physics, chemistry and math. Ot

28、hers go to school to learn a skill so that they can make a living. School education is very important and useful. Yet no one can learn everything from school. A teacher, no matter how much he knows, can not teach his students everything they want to know. The teachers job is to show his students how

29、 to learn. He teaches them how to read and how to think. Much more is to be learn outside school by the students themselves. It is always more important to learn to study by oneself than to learn every word from the book. Great scientists, such as Einstein, Newton and Galileo, didnt get everything f

30、rom school. But they were all so successful. The reason for their success is that they knew how to study. They worked hard all their lives, wasting not a single moment. They would ask many questions as they read and they did thousands of experiments. (概括范例一：Schools are the important place where peop

31、le can get knowledge and skills. However, teachers job is not to teach students everything but to show them how to learn by themselves. Many great scientists succeeded because they knew how to self-study and use knowledge in practice.)(概括范例二：Schools are the important place where people can get knowl

32、edge and skills. However, teachers job is not to teach students everything but to show them how to learn by themselves. Many great scientists succeeded because they knew how to self-study and use knowledge in practice. ) 讓學(xué)生接觸學(xué)習(xí)概括語言理解程度更深的文章，如以下選擇的文章（三） The UK is currently in the early stages of int

33、roducing a National Identity Card scheme(制度). A debate concerning the issue is going on across the country. Those in favor think that it benefits the society. Identity cards will help to fight crime, terrorism, and fraud. If the police are able to check rapidly the identities of the people near a cr

34、ime scene, their investigation will be both quicker and effective. It benefits the user as well. We need to establish that people are who they claim to be. Identity cards provide additional security in a modern society. Those who are against hold the view that introducing identity cards would threat

35、en one of the most important rights of any man and woman-the right of privacy. A widely used identity card allow the state to watch closely the movements of its citizens. Identity cards for specific purpose (e.g., driving licenses) are permissible because these are limited and essentially voluntary.

36、 A compulsory universal card is not. It is inconvenient as well. It is unreasonable to expect people to carry a specific card at all times-sunbathing at the beach, dancing at a club etc. Perhaps worse, failure to present your card when asked could bring you in unnecessary trouble. （概括范例：The UK is in

37、troducing a National Identity Card scheme, which has led to a debate. Supporters believe that it will help to make the country safer and make it easier for users to believe in each other, while those who hold opposite view worry that the scheme will threaten peoples privacy and bring people inconven

38、ience and trouble.） 經(jīng)過方法指導(dǎo)和循序漸進(jìn)的訓(xùn)練，學(xué)生對(duì)“無從下手”的“30詞概括大意”逐漸感到可以操作，并喜歡上這種文段文字處理，且從中獲得寫作的動(dòng)力和滿足感。廣東高考讀寫任務(wù) - 概括 (2009-03-01 22:19:42)一、What is a Summary?It is a shortbut thoroughobjective restatement of the main idea and key points of a passage. A summary may also mention some of the examples the author us

39、ed to illustrate key points.二、How to summarize ： a. 閱讀材料,找關(guān)鍵詞（句） ；找出全文主題句/中心句或關(guān)鍵詞b. 理清關(guān)鍵詞（句）間的關(guān)系；理清文章脈絡(luò)，看看文章分幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)來展開論述此主題.C. 改寫在文章里直接找到的主題句/中心句（通過變換詞匯、語態(tài)、句式等到方法）。 d. 借助關(guān)鍵詞，用自己的語言恰當(dāng)?shù)馗爬ㄒc(diǎn)。注意：1、Mainly use the key words and phrases in the original passage. Do not include your own opinion, but be sure to

40、 use our own words.2. Write it in the third person .（第三人稱）3.Control the number of words between 28 and 35.4、 Write in the present tense (he shows, we work, they allow) 三、議論性文體：1、概括所給短文內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)30字2、過渡詞引出主題句-自己的觀點(diǎn)-理由（100）3、總結(jié)句 約10字第一段概括要做到開門見山: 例如: 1) According to the passage, we know2) This article is ma

41、inly about3) The writer states that英語“任務(wù)型寫作”概括部分初探概括短文的方法 “概括短文的內(nèi)容”，實(shí)際上就是客觀簡(jiǎn)要地轉(zhuǎn)述作者的論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。根據(jù)不同文體，我們把它歸納為“主題句+支撐句”的概括模式。不同文體，它的概括模式略有區(qū)別：文體 主題句 支撐句 議論文 論點(diǎn)（概括性的） 補(bǔ)充論證的論據(jù)。（對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)式論據(jù)的補(bǔ)充是并列關(guān)系，句子間多用whilehowever等：批駁觀點(diǎn)式論據(jù)的補(bǔ)充是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，句子間多用whats morein additionbesideswhats worsemoreover等；現(xiàn)象評(píng)論式論據(jù)的補(bǔ)充需要現(xiàn)象重點(diǎn)方面的多面性。 記

42、敘文 敘述要素（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事情的過程和結(jié)果） 記敘的中心（升華故事內(nèi)涵的句子）。短文里沒出現(xiàn)揭示規(guī)律或主觀感受的內(nèi)容不得發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。 說明文 說明的對(duì)象 對(duì)象的原因或?qū)ο蟮恼f明（盡量把不同的信息點(diǎn)合并起來） 例題1（對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)式的議論文）：We all love new inventions. They are exciting amazing and can change our lives. But have all these developments really improved the quality of our lives? Picture this: youre r

43、ushing to finish your homework on the computer. Your mobile phone rings, a QQ message from your friend appears on the screen, and the noise from the television is getting louder and louder. Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work. Now you have to stay up all night to get it done.

44、 How calm and happy do you feel? Inventions have sped up our lives so much that they often leave us feeling stressed and tired. Why do you think people who live far away from noisy cities, who have no telephones, no cars, not even any electricity often seem to be happier? Perhaps it is because they

45、lead simple lives.本文主要闡述了“發(fā)明”改變了我們的生活和生活的質(zhì)量。第二段講了發(fā)明帶來的方便，緊接著第三段介紹了發(fā)明擁有的缺點(diǎn)。綜上所述，我們可以得出本文的大意：參考答案：The author discussed whether new inventions really improve the quality of our lives（主題句）. While new inventions have brought us much convenience（從第二段得出的支撐句）, they can also get us into troubles（從第三段得出的支撐句）.

46、例題2（記敘文） Sept.4th, 2008 ThursdayIt was raining outside when I got up early in the morning. Its too bad, so I had to go to school by bus. I said to myself. It was almost seven oclock before I left home. I put on my raincoat and ran to the bus stop in a hurry, for I thought a lot of people might be wa

47、iting there. Hardly had I gone there when a bus was coming. I got on the bus immediately, hoping it was possible for me to take a seat. I saw an empty seat and took it. But I found an old lady standing behind me. I stood up at once and was about to ask her to take the seat when a young girl I a mode

48、rn skirt made a dive for it. I could hardly believe it. I glared at her, thinking, “What bad manners! She cares for nobody but herself. Wont she grow old in the future?” 上文講述了作者一次雨天讓座給老婦人但被一個(gè)穿著時(shí)髦的年青女人搶占（make a dive for）的故事。作者對(duì)此事感到遺憾(bad manners.)和憤怒(glared at her. Wont she grow old in the future?) 。

49、參考答案：On a rainy day, the writer saw a young lady making a dive for a seat on a bus leaving an old lady standing aside. She felt very angry about it and sorry about such bad manners in our society.三、要提高寫作能力，只知道寫作技巧還不行。就像一個(gè)建樓房的人，知道怎樣建房，甚至圖紙都設(shè)計(jì)好了，但是沒有材料，怎能建房呢？所以在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中可選用以下的學(xué)習(xí)方法來使文章的句子合理流暢，內(nèi)容生動(dòng)充實(shí)，過渡自然，

50、觀點(diǎn)明確，條理清晰，語言優(yōu)美。（3）、善于歸納 學(xué)習(xí)過程中要注意歸納總結(jié)。學(xué)生可以把一些常用于寫作中表示各種句子關(guān)系的詞或詞組及一些語篇銜接標(biāo)志（如連接詞）進(jìn)行歸納。區(qū)分它們的用法，并對(duì)不同關(guān)系的連接詞進(jìn)行歸類，這樣寫作時(shí)可信手拈來。如遞進(jìn)關(guān)系（besides, whats more, in addition, moreover, to make matters worse, whats worse, furthermore等）；轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系（however, but, while, in spite of, otherwise等）；個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)（in my opinion, personally,

51、as far as Im concerned, as for me, from my personal point of view 等）；總結(jié)（in short, in a word, on the whole, all in all, to sum up briefly, in general, in conclusion等）其它（for one thing, for another, last but not least, each coin has two sides, according to, compare to, on the one hand, on the other han

52、d, as a matter of fact 等）。（6）、學(xué)會(huì)擴(kuò)展句子。如分析句子的主干，中間加一個(gè)定語從句進(jìn)去，或改成名詞性從句，或改成狀語從句、并列句還有非謂語的使用等等。讀寫任務(wù)議論文寫作導(dǎo)練(一)閱讀下面這篇短文，按要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。No one can believe that the over 6,300-kilometer Great Wall might disappear some day. Believe it or not, the Great Wall is being destroyed by people. Less than 20 percent

53、 of the Great Wall built in the Ming Dynasty is still perfect, but about 80 percent is in danger. The Great Wall can be called “great” mostly because of its amazing length. But we should realize that the length was made up of one brick at a time. If we do nothing to save the Great Wall, it will beco

54、me a series of separate wasteland rather than a historic site.The Great Wall is actually a series of walls built and rebuilt by different dynasties over the past 2,000 years. It began in the rule of Chinas first emperor, Qin Shihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221 BC206 BC), and lasted into the Ming Dynast

55、y. The parts built before the Ming Dynasty have nearly disappeared. The bricks on the Great Wall are carried off by countryside people to build their houses, sheep corrals and pigsties. Some were taken away to build roads. Bricks carved with peoples names are put away as remembrances. Rubbish is spr

56、ead over the battlements. The bricks can be sold for 15 yuan per tractor load. Those who destroyed and are destroying the Wall know its name, but are not clear about its cultural meaning. It will take a long time to let them know this. The local farmers not only carried off the body of the Wall but

57、also dug out the entire base.寫作內(nèi)容1)以約30個(gè)詞概括短文的要點(diǎn)；2)然后以約120個(gè)詞就“如何保護(hù)我國(guó)的文化遺產(chǎn)”的主題發(fā)表看法，并包括如下要點(diǎn)：a)你是如何看待我國(guó)的文化遺產(chǎn)遭到破壞的現(xiàn)象的？ b)保護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)有何意義；c)保護(hù)我國(guó)的文化遺產(chǎn)的建議。(注：因?qū)懽饕笤u(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與第一篇相同而省略，以下同)寫作指導(dǎo)(1)確定體裁：閱讀材料，可以了解到萬里長(zhǎng)城目前因?yàn)榉N種原因遭到了破壞，并以小見大，引發(fā)對(duì)我國(guó)其它歷史文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)的必要，要求寫一篇議論文。(2)擬定標(biāo)題：How to protect the cultural heritages in our country？(3)如何概括：找出論點(diǎn)(Great Wall might disappear some day)和論據(jù)(the Great Wall is being destroyed by people: to build their houses, sheep corrals and pigsties; to build roads; sold for 15 yuan per tractor load)；用自己的話將上述論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)表達(dá)出來。(4)發(fā)表看法：提出問題并加以分析：如何看待我國(guó)的文化遺產(chǎn)遭到破壞的現(xiàn)象，并分析其產(chǎn)生的根源；問題的支持：寫保護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)有何意義；問題的解決：提出保護(hù)我