1、Unit1 Festivals Around the World第 21 頁詞匯講義1. take place發(fā)生；舉行In the meantime, an economic crisis took place.The Olympic Games take place every four years.聯(lián)想拓展take ones place= take the place of . 代替in place of 代替take the first place 獲得第一名易混辨析take place / happen / break out / occurtake place通常表示計(jì)劃、安排之內(nèi)

2、的“發(fā)生”。happen指事情偶然的發(fā)生，常帶有未能預(yù)見的含義；另外，還有“碰巧”之意。break out指火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭或瘟疫的突然爆發(fā)。occur指按計(jì)劃發(fā)生，常指（某想法、某事）出現(xiàn)在某人的頭腦中。常見結(jié)構(gòu):It occurs/occurred to sb. that表示“某人想起某事”。It occurred to me that I had forgotten my keys.It was in the church that their wedding _ (舉行).Will you attend the meeting _(代替) me? (就座), please! We are r

3、eady to start.Its hard to find a man to (代替) the present manager.Liu Xiang (獲得第一名)in the 110m hurdle race. 2. religious adj宗教上的religious beliefs / faithreligious instruction _religious groups / leaders信奉宗教的a deeply religious personHis wife is very religious.religion n.religiously adv.India has alway

4、s been one of the most religiously diverse countries.3. in memory of=to the memory of 作為對某人的紀(jì)念；紀(jì)念某人（memory前不加任何冠詞）Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people.They will build a monument in memory of the national hero.聯(lián)想拓展：in honour of 為了紀(jì)念；向表示敬意in praise of 歌頌；稱贊in favour of 贊同, 支持in charge of 負(fù)責(zé)i

5、n need of 需要；缺少in search of 尋找in possession of 擁有(1)This monument was built the little hero.A. in place of B. in search of C. in memory of D. in need of(2)用由“in+n.+of”構(gòu)成的短語填空。A monument was set up (紀(jì)念) the dead soldiers.He founded the charity (興辦那項(xiàng)慈善事業(yè)) _ (懷念) his late wife.If you are (需要) anything,

6、 dont hesitate to let me know.In the discussion, I was _(支持) Mr. Li4. belief n. C/U 信任；信仰，信心believe vi.& vt. 相信常用結(jié)構(gòu)：have belief in sth. / sb.對某物/某人的真實(shí)性和正確性有信心beyond belief 難以置信in the belief that . 相信It is my belief that . 我相信It is beyond belief thatHe has great belief in his doctor. 他對他的醫(yī)生無比信賴。She h

7、as lost her belief in God.她已不相信上帝。用belief相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。He came to me I could help him. that nuclear weapons are immoral.The cruelty of the murders was .5. dress up 盛裝，打扮 (常用于dress up as sb. /dress upin sth.結(jié)構(gòu))We are supposed to _(打扮成) movie characters for the party. What a novel idea! She _ (穿著) Eliza

8、bethan costume for the fancy dress ball. 常用結(jié)構(gòu)：be dressed in 穿著衣服be dressed as 打扮成be well dressed 衣著講究dress oneself 穿衣，打扮dress sb. 給某人穿衣服get dressed 指動(dòng)作 in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed6. trick n. C詭計(jì)；騙局；謀略；花招One of the

9、problems of old age is that your memory can start to play tricks on you. 竅門，招數(shù)，手法Daily practice is the trick in learning a foreign language. He used the old trick of attacking in order to defend himself.The trick is to keep your body still and your arms relaxed.play a trick/tricks on sb.搞惡作劇;詐騙;開玩笑T

10、he children played a trick on their teacher on April Fools Day.vt. 哄騙trick someone into doing somethingtrick someone out of somethingHe _ (騙我讓我相信) that he was somebody famous.Youre not the first person _ (被騙取) your savings. 聯(lián)想拓展：play a joke on sb. 開某人的玩笑 make fun of sb. 取笑某人laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人 smile a

11、t sb. 向某人微笑make a fool of 愚弄；嘲笑用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。 Tom liked making fun others in public.Its bad manners to laugh the disabled.These boys like playing tricks their teacher.He smiled me when he heard my funny answer.7. gainn. 獲得；增加；獲利，獲得物；收益；利潤The baby _ half a pound.He served the public whole heartedly, _ (不顧

12、個(gè)人得失). vt. 得到；獲得，贏得，增加，增添，到達(dá)；（鐘、表等）快to gain confidence / strength / experienceFor the first time in her life she gained a clear idea of how vast the world is.My watch gains five minutes a day.The country _（獲得獨(dú)立）ten years ago. Her unusual talent _ (為她贏得) worldwide recognition. vi. 獲利，賺錢；得益 (+by/from)

13、 ，取得進(jìn)展；得到改善；增進(jìn)健康We all gained from the experience. The singer is gaining in popularity.易混辨析：gain / win / get / earn / acquiregain指在斗爭，競爭中做出很大努力而“獲得”，所得到的東西常具有一定價(jià)值。 win含有取勝的一方具有優(yōu)越的特質(zhì)或條件而能克服各種障礙的意思，意為“贏得”。 get為普通詞，有時(shí)指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。earn意為“賺得”，表示經(jīng)過艱苦努力所得到的報(bào)酬。 acquire意為“獲得，取得”，一般指通過漫長的過程而逐漸獲得。Im new in t

14、he job but I have already _ experience.Please me a glass of water.His perseverance him many friends and a gold medal.He up to $50,000 a year by writing stories.After six years study, he hasa good knowledge of English.8. gather vt. 1)收集；召集；使聚集(+together)He is gathering materials for a new book. The k

15、ids were gathered together in one room.2)積聚；積蓄This cloth gathers dust. I sat down for a moment to _ (積蓄我的力量). She was still trying to _ (集中思想) when the door opened. Fortunately the short delay gave him time to _ (準(zhǔn)備好自己). 3)收拾；摘；采集；收割(+in/up)The girl is gathering flowers. People slowly gathered their

16、 belongings and left the hall. I waited while he _(收拾好) his papers.It was late August and the harvest _ (已經(jīng)被安全收割).4)漸增The sled gathered speed as it moved down the hill. 5)猜想,推測+(that)I gather that he is the one in charge. I _ (從你的信里推斷) that youre not enjoying your job_ (據(jù)我推測), theres been some kind

17、of problem.6)使皺起She gathered her brows into a frown. 9. awardvt. 授予，獎(jiǎng)給(后多接雙賓語)；判定award sth (to sb.)award sb. sth (for sth)be awarded sth for sthThe judges awarded both finalists equal points.Medals _ (被授予)the best speakers on the debating team. n. 獎(jiǎng)，獎(jiǎng)品；獎(jiǎng)金接受獎(jiǎng)品 _He got the highest award in the contest

18、.易混辨析：award / prize / rewardaward既可作動(dòng)詞也可作名詞，指為鼓勵(lì)在工作中達(dá)到或完成所提出的要求或條件的人而進(jìn)行的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，往往強(qiáng)調(diào)榮譽(yù)而不在乎獎(jiǎng)品的大小或獎(jiǎng)金的多少。 prize為名詞，多指在各類競賽、競爭或抽彩中所贏得的獎(jiǎng)。這種獎(jiǎng)賞有的憑能力獲得，有的憑運(yùn)氣獲得。 reward既可作動(dòng)詞也可作名詞，指對某人的工作或服務(wù)等的報(bào)答。也指因幫助警察抓到罪犯或幫助失主找到東西而得到的賞金、酬金。 He won the award for the best student of the year.A prize was given to the person who had

19、 the winning number.He received a medal as a reward for his courage.Three university departments have been _ $600,000 to develop good practice in teaching and learning.A. promoted B. included C. secured D. awarded10. admirevt. 贊美；欽佩；羨慕。其后可接人或物作賓語，但不可以接賓語從句作賓語。admire sb. for sth. 因某事欽佩或羨慕某人They admir

20、ed our garden.I admire him for his success in business.Arent you going to admire my new house?admiration n.贊美，欽佩；令人贊美的人或物express admiration for sb. 對某人表示欽佩have great admiration for sb. 十分欽佩某人 in admiration of 表示欽佩with/in admiration 心懷欽佩地admirer n. 欽佩者；羨慕者admiring adj 贊賞的，羨慕的Stop looking in the mirro

21、r _ (自我欣賞)Visitors to Beijing usually _ (欽佩那里的警察).Our school is widely _ (羨慕) its excellent teaching .11. look forward to 期待某事/做某事(to為介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞)We should look forward to the futurity.I am familiar with his work and look forward to hearing his views on literary and artistic creation.She must be loo

22、king forward as much to his return as he himself is to her. A. see B. have seen C. seeing D. be seeing用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 The boy hurried forward (see) the world famous oil painting because he had been looking forward to _ (see) it for a long time.The day I had been looking forward to _ (come). I used

23、to _ (get) up late, but now Im used to _(get) up early.12. as thoughas though / as if引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句和表語從句：引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句She acted as though nothing had happened. 她裝得好像什么事也沒發(fā)生過似的。注意:當(dāng)從句主語和主句主語一致，且從句謂語中含有動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，可把主語和be一起省略。He looked about as though (he was) in search of something. 他四下張望, 好像在尋找什么。引導(dǎo)表語從句It looks as i

24、f its going to rain. 看樣子要下雨了。as though和as if從句是用虛擬語氣，還是用陳述語氣，完全根據(jù)具體情況而定。如果從句表示的意思及事實(shí)完全相反，或者純粹是一種假設(shè)，通常用虛擬語氣；反之，則用陳述語氣。The child talks as if she were an adult. 那孩子說話的樣子好像她是個(gè)大人。用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。The pencil looks as if it (break) with half of it in the glass of water.Li Ming speaks English very well as th

25、ough he _ (be) an Englishman. It seems as if our team (be) going to win. He talks about pyramids as though he _ (see) them himself.13. permission n. U許可，允許常用結(jié)構(gòu)with/without (ones) permission 得到允許/未經(jīng)允許ask sb. for permission 征求某人的許可give sb. permission to do sth. 允許某人做某事have ones permission 得到某人的同意permi

26、t vt. 準(zhǔn)許，許可，允許permit sb to do sth 允許某人干某事permit doing sth 允許做某事With your permission, Id like to say a few words.Marys father _ (不會(huì)允許她) to stay up late.完成句子。They entered the area _(未經(jīng)允許).You will need to obtain planning _ (許可證) if you want to extend your house.14. turn up出席(某活動(dòng))(常用于口語)；出現(xiàn)；找到；把(收音機(jī)等的)

27、音量調(diào)大一些；到場Im sure your watch will turn up one of these days.We invited her to dinner but she didnt even bother to turn up.I cant hear the radio very well; could you turn it up a bit?聯(lián)想拓展：turn against 反對；背叛turn down （音量等）調(diào)小；拒絕turn off 關(guān)掉turn on 打開；發(fā)動(dòng)turn out 結(jié)果是；證明是turn to sb. for help 向某人求助turn away

28、走開；轉(zhuǎn)過臉去；把打發(fā)走turn in 進(jìn)入；交出；上交turn over 打翻；移交；反復(fù)考慮turn into把變成He promised to come yesterday, but he hasnt _ yet. A. turned in B. turned upC. turned on D. turned out用turn相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。Dont worry. The sure to .Please _ the television _ a bit, I cant hear it clearly.It that it was Tim who broke the vase.Th

29、e sad child his mother for comfort.Its half past ten, but he hasnt yet.Its wrong to our motherland.Please the radio a bit; Im doing my homework.15. keep ones word 守信用；履行諾言word意為“諾言”時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞，不可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式，其前面不可以用冠詞修飾。You should _ (信守你許下的承諾). You promised you would take the children to camp so you must kee

30、p your word.聯(lián)想拓展：break ones word 食言 get in a word 插嘴 in a/one word=in short總而言之 in other words 換句話說 word for word 逐詞have a word with sb.及某人談話have words with sb. 及某人爭吵Word came that .有消息傳來16. hold ones breath 屏住呼吸The race was so close that everyone _（屏住呼吸）at the finish. take a deep breath=breathe dee

31、ply 深呼吸lose ones breath 喘不過氣來out of breath 上氣不接下氣，喘不過氣來After arriving at the top of the mountain, we were all _ (上氣不接下氣).17. apologizevi. 道歉，認(rèn)錯(cuò)apologize to sb for (doing) sth 因（做）某事向某人道歉apologize to sb that +從句 向某人道歉You _ (必須向你的老師道歉)for being so rude. I apologized to my mother that I went home late.

32、apology n. 道歉，謝罪make/offer an apology to sb for (doing) sth 因某事向某人道歉accept/refuse an apology 接受/拒絕道歉I must _ (向她道歉) for not going to her party. 18. obviousIt is / was obvious/clear that .= obviously / clearly, .表示“很明顯，顯而易見”，屬于It is / was + adj. / n. /p.p. + that clause 結(jié)構(gòu)。It is necessary / important

33、 / natural / strange + that + sb. should do sth. 做某事是有必要的/重要的/自然的、竟然怎樣。It is a pity / a shame / no wonder + that + sb. should do 遺憾的是/羞愧的是/難怪某人竟然/應(yīng)該It is said / reported / announced / expected / . + that .據(jù)說/報(bào)道/宣布/預(yù)計(jì)Its suggested / ordered that sb. (should) do建議/要求某人（做）某事Its no harm drinking running

34、 water in that area. It was quite clear that they had no desire for peace. _ used to be thought that the earth was square. A. He B. What C. It D. That19. set off 出發(fā)；動(dòng)身；使爆炸What time are you planning to set off tomorrow?The terrorist set off a bomb in the city centre and killed six people.聯(lián)想拓展:set off

35、 for a place 出發(fā)到某地set about doing sth.開始(某工作);著手做某事set out 從某地出發(fā)上路set out to do sth.開始做某事set sth. up 擺放或豎起某物；創(chuàng)立，建立set sth. aside 將某事物放在一邊；（為某目的）節(jié)省或保留金錢或時(shí)間set down記下、寫下用set相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。The new government must finding solutions to the countrys economic problems. The children the fireworks in the yard.

36、She a bit of money every month.They a statue in honour of the national hero.Theyve on a journey round the world.20. remind vt. 提醒；使想起常用結(jié)構(gòu):remind sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人記住/想起某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事remind sb. that .提醒某人/使某人想起I reminded Gerald of his promise.Please remind me to write to my moth

37、er tomorrow.翻譯句子:這些照片使我想起我的童年。_請?zhí)嵝盐颐刻旆嗡?。_21. harvest n.1) c 收割，收獲the corn/potato/grape harvestIt was harvest time.There will be an abundant harvest this year.They were busy getting the harvest in.2) singular （知識等的）收獲收獲豐富的知識 _We are now reaping the harvest of our hard work last year.v.收割，收獲（莊稼、動(dòng)物、知

38、識成就等）Winter wheat is planted in the fall and harvested in early summer.Timber is still harvested and milled locally.22. celebration n.1) C, often pl. 慶祝會(huì)，慶典birthday / wedding celebrations The towns centennial celebrations will begin with a parade. I hope youll join in the Christmas celebrations.2) U

39、, C 慶祝，慶典Her triumph was a cause for celebration. Hes having a party _(慶祝)his 84th birthday.23. starve 1) vi. 餓死；挨餓；渴望，急需要（die / long）The plants _ (急需要水).They got lost in the desert and starved to death.2) vt. 使挨餓，使餓死Shes starving herself trying to lose weight.starvation n. 挨餓；餓死常用結(jié)構(gòu)：starve for sth.

40、 渴望得到starve to do sth. 渴望去做某事starve to death 餓死be starved to death 餓死be starved of極需，缺乏starve sb. into sth./ doing sth.使某人挨餓以迫使其做某事The engine _ (缺油) and wouldnt start. Many people _ death in the earthquake as a result of the delay of the supplies.A. were starved of B. starved to C. were starved D. s

41、tarved for用starve相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。Thousands of people in Africa.These children are love.The people on the island _fresh water since it hadnt rained for nearly half a year.24. feast n.盛會(huì)，宴會(huì)a wedding feast a feast of colours a feast for the eyes 大飽眼福the feast of Christmas The evening was a real feast for m

42、usic lovers.v. (on / upon sth) We sat in the yard feasting on barbecued chicken and beer.feast ones eyes on盡情欣賞(藝術(shù)品景色等)25. arrival n1)到達(dá)We apologize for the late arrival of the train. There are 120 arrivals and departures every day.2)到達(dá)者The first arrivals at the concert got the best seats.early / la

43、te / new arrivals Were expecting a new arrival in the family soon.With the arrival of Johns friends, the party became really enjoyable.26. independence n.U獨(dú)立,自主(from sb/sth)Cuba _（獨(dú)立于）Spain in 1898.The army is committed to ensuring the independence of the countryHe values his financial independence.

44、 She doesnt want to lose her hard-won independenceindependent adj.獨(dú)立的(of sb/sth)、自主的(of sb/sth)The police force should be independent of direct government control. Two independent research bodies reached the same conclusions.Going away to college has made me much more independent. Shes a very indepe

45、ndent-minded young woman.Students should aim to become _(更加獨(dú)立于) their teachers.It was important to me to be financially independent of my parents. a man of independent means with a private income)27. clothing n. (總稱)衣服，服裝UCheck your belongings and make sure you dont leave your articles of clothing b

46、ehind.Food, clothing and shelter are everyones priorities.易混辨析：clothing / clothes / clothclothing是衣服、被褥的總稱，為不可數(shù)名詞；clothes指包括上衣、褲子、內(nèi)衣、外衣等在內(nèi)的具體的衣服，它沒有單數(shù)形式，只能說many/some/a few clothes; cloth則指做衣服所用的布料，為不可數(shù)名詞。The industry in this area has been going from strength to strength.Its cold outside. Youd better

47、 put on more .How much does it take to make a blouse for a girl?28. custom n. 風(fēng)俗、習(xí)俗It is the custom (for sb) to do sth做是一種習(xí)俗/慣例Social customs are different from country to country._ (是日本人的習(xí)慣) to take off their shoes when they get into a hall. It is the custom for an Arab to stand close to his friend

48、 when talking.易混辨析：custom / habitcustom“風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣”，即社會(huì)或團(tuán)體許多人長期形成的習(xí)慣。habit指一個(gè)人的習(xí)慣、習(xí)性。29. drownvt.drown sth with / in 把某物浸泡在液體中be drowned in 沉浸在a drowning man 快要淹死的人like a drowned rat （濕的）像落湯雞He would drown his sadness in coffee.He was_ (在酣睡中) so he did not feel it was raining. She turned up the radio to d

49、rown the noise of the traffic.30. forgive vi. & vt. 原諒；饒恕forgive sb for (doing) sth. 原諒某人（做）某事forgive sb/sth. 原諒某人/某事forgive sb sth. 原諒某人某事forgive doing sth. 原諒做某事Please forgive him for _(他的魯莽)Reading:長句難句：1 . At that time people would starve if food was difficultto find，especially during the cold w

50、inter months .在那個(gè)時(shí)代，如果食物難以找到，特別是在寒冷的冬月，人們就會(huì)挨餓。Starve (v.)1) to cause a person or an animal to suffer severely or die from hunger 挨餓；餓死Millions of people starved to death during the war.戰(zhàn)爭中數(shù)百萬人挨餓至死。2) starve for sth ; starve sb of sth: ( cause sb to) suffer or long for sth greatly needed or wanted (使

51、某人）得不到某事物而受苦或渴望獲得某事物；缺乏The homeless children were starved for love .這些無家可歸的孩子渴望得到愛。3) to feel very hungry 感覺很餓。僅用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)When will dinner be ready ? Im starving.晚飯什么時(shí)候做好？我快餓死了。starvation (n.) :(U) suffering or death caused by lack of food 挨餓；餓死 die of starvation 餓死 starvation wages 不夠維持基本生活的工資2. or sat

52、isfy the ancestors , who could return either to help or to do harm.或使祖先得到滿足，因?yàn)樽嫦葌冇锌赡芑氐绞郎希ńo人們）提供幫助，也可能帶來危害。harm(1) (n.): damage, injury 損害；傷害do harm to sb = harm sb 傷害某人do more harm than good: have an effect which is more damaging than helpful 弊大于利If we solve the problem in this way, it may do more harm than good. 如果我們以這種方式處理問題，那可能是弊大于利。(2) (v.): cause harm to (sb / sth) 損害或傷害某人/某事物 This event didnt harm his reputation. 這個(gè)事件沒有損害他的名譽(yù)。3. Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. 萬圣節(jié)也源自人們古老的信念，認(rèn)為亡者的靈魂